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Query: UMLS:C0027819 (neuroblastoma)
 27,800 document(s) hit in 31,850,051 MEDLINE articles (0.00 seconds)

Mixed lymphocyte--tumor cell cultures were made with materials from patients with various histological types of cancer. In 25 out of 89 patients, positive lymphocyte response to tumor cells was observed. There appeared to be an inverse relationship between the frequency of positive responses and extent of the disease. Patients with neuroblastoma, however, showed more frequent positive responses in cases of widespread disease. The data obtained may have valuable clinical implications, supporting the possibility of immunotherapy of cancer patients.
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PMID:Lymphocyte response to autochthonous human solid tumor cells: relationship to histological types and tumor load. 16 Dec 40

Achievements, as well as limitation, in combination treatment of childhood malignancies are discussed. Tumor types are grouped according to response (definite, probable, unknown) to combined treatment. Improvements in survival rates have occurred following the addition of chemotherapy to surgery and radiation therapy in children with Wilmes' tumor, and Ewing's and soft tissue sarcoma, probably by suppression of microscopic metastases. So far, advances are not yet apparent following multimodal treatment of neuroblastoma, hepatoma, and ovarian tumors.
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PMID:The success and failure of multimodal therapy for cancer in children. 16 53

A variety of compounds were assessed for their ability to induce morphological differentiation and to affect the synthesis of RNA in uncloned mouse neuroblastoma cells in culture. The stimulation of morphological differentiation in uncloned cells after exposure for 48 hours to concentrations of 3 times 10-7 to 3 times 10-4 M papavarine or 10-9 to 10-3 M dibutyryl adenosine 3':5'-monophosphate (dibutyryl-cAMP) was associated, in part, with a concentration-dependent decrease in incorporation of [5-3H]uridine into ribosomal RNA (rRNA) and heterogeneous RNA (HnRNA). The latter effect on cellular RNA produced by papavarine occurred within 1 hour after its addition to the medium and was associated with impaired uptake of radioactive precursor into uridine nucleotides and reduction in the intracellular concentration of uridine 5'-triphosphate (UTP). Dibutytyl-cAMP produced a decreased in the specific radioactivity of UTP without affecting the concentration of UTP in the tumor cells. The effects of papavarine and dibutyryl-cAMP could be distinguished further by the 50% reduction of acetylcholinesterase activity produced by papavarine, but not by dibutyryl-cAMP. Papavarine did not, however, reduce the cellular level of the soluble enzyme, adenine phosphoribosyltransferase. Sodium butyrate, while producing morphological effects similar to those of papavarine and dibutyryl-cAMP at equimolar concentrations, caused no significant changes in the incorporation of [5-3H]uridine into rRNA and HnRNA; however, acetylcholinesterase activity was stimulated 6- to 7-fold above control levels. In contrast to the other differentiating agents examined, addition of 10-9 to 3 times 10-4 M concentrations of cAMP to the tissue culture medium enhanced morphological differentiation of nueroblastoma cells, and caused a 10- to 20-fold stimulation of the incorporation of [5-3H]uridine into rRNA and HnRNA at concentrations of 10-4 M and higher. This effect observed only at high concentrations of cyclic nucleotide was accompanied by an elevation in the specific acitivty of UTP, These studies suggest that the morphological response of neuroblastoma cells is not necessarily associated with concomitant alterations in the synthesis of RNA with agents other than cAMP. Observed changes in incorporation of [5-3H]uridine into RNA appear in most instances to be due to alterations in the uptake of uridine, and in the pool size and specific radioactivity of UTP.
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PMID:Effects of adenosine 3':5'-monophosphate and related agents on ribonucleic acid synthesis and morphological differentiation in mouse neuroblastoma cells in culture. 16 51

The various stages of divergent neuroepithelial differentiation were studied in the solid transplants of a transplantable mouse testicular teratoma (OTT-6050) maintained in both ascitic and solid forms. They included: a) areas of undifferentiated medullary epithelium corresponding to the rare human medulloepithelioma; b) areas of neuroblastic differentiation corresponding to neuroblastoma, with more mature neuronal differentiation corresponding to ganglioneuroma or, when mixed with glial elements, to ganglioglioma; and c) more mature neuroglial areas resembling astrocytoma, oligodendroglioma or ependymoma, as well as more primitive areas corresponding to ependymoblastoma. In tissue culture using collagen-coated coverslips, astrocytic differentiation was found in the outgrowth zone after 15 days, confirmed by immunofluorescence with antibodies to an astroglia-specific protein. In organ culture systems, glial components, including ependymal structures, were preserved in tumor explants, and astrocytic differentiation, as expressed by glial fiber formation, was increased after 4 to 6 weeks in vitro. No neuronal differentiation was demonstrable, however. The neuroepithelial component of this experimental teratoma may provide a model for the study of neoplastic neuroepithelial differentiation.
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PMID:An experimental mouse testicular teratoma as a model for neuroepithelial neoplasia and differentiation. I. Light microscopic and tissue and organ culture observations. 16 76

For establishment of a reproducible model of human neuroblastoma, 2 to 5 million of established neuroblastoma cell lines (SK-N-SH, SK-N-MC) were injected s.c. or i.p. into 20 nu/nu mice of a predominantly Swiss back-ground. Following latency periods of 8 to 21 days, tumors developed at the injection site and grew to 4-ml volumes within 3 weeks. Histologically, the tumors resembled the original metastases from which the tumors were derived; however, the SK-N-SH appeared to have evidence of morphological differentiation. When compared to monolayer culture, the heterotransplanted SK-N-SH tumor had decreased dopamine-beta-hydroxylase activity and elevated cyclic adenosine 3':5'-monophosphate phosphodiesterase activity. Activity of cyclic adenosine 3':5'-monophosphate phosphodiesterase in the transplanted SK-N-MC tumor was not appreciably different from the activity in the cultured cells. Serum dopamine-beta-hydroxylase levels in the mice bearing SK-N-SH tumor increased threefold. The SK-N-MC cultured cells lacked dopamine-beta-hydroxylase and did not alter existing serum levels in the SK-N-MC tumor-bearing mice. 67Ga injected i.v. was found to localize in the tumor after 24 hr. Human neuroblastoma in the nude mouse can be a reproducible and informative model for tumor pharmacology, screening, radionuclides, tumor localization and imaging, and investigating morphological differentiation.
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PMID:Human neuroblastoma in nude mice. 16 65

Tumors of the human nervous system (neuroblastomas, an ependymoma, a medulloblastoma, and a Schwannoma) obtained during surgery have been cultured organotypically by the method of Wolff. The tumors retained characteristic morphology, organization and patterns of behavior in vitro, and one neuroblastoma gave rise to a growing long-term culture. Long-term organotypic culture, where maintenance of tissue organization and growth occur together, is recommended for the study of neoplasms of the nervous system.
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PMID:Organ culture of human nervous system tumors. 17 38

Trigerminal ganglia of 4 adult albino mice of the NMRI outbred stock were examined by electron microscopy. In all animals, about 10% of the neurons contained intracisternal A particles. Isolated structures resembling intracisternal A particles could be detected in atleast 50% of the nerve cells and in a few Schwann cells. Budding at the cell surface and/or extracellular type-C particles were not observed. An intracerebrally transplanted mouse C1300 neuroblastoma was likewise studied. Most tumor cells exhibited large numbers of intracisternal A particles having the same ultrastructure as the particles in trigeminal neurons. In addition, budding and extracellular type-C particles were occasionally observed.
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PMID:Intracisternal A and C particles in mouse neurons: a thin-section study of normal trigeminal ganglion and C1300 neuroblastoma. 17 70

Dexamethasone stimulates type C virus production induced by iododeoxyuridine (IdUrd) from several murine cell lines: uninfected BALB cells, virally transformed nonproducer K-BALB cells, mouse neuroblastoma N-4 cells, and rat tumor XC cells. Dexamethasone also stimulates virus production from BALB cells newly infected by some murine leukemia or leukemia sarcoma viruses, from a murine myelogenous leukemic cell line (M-1) producing type C virus, from K-BALB(l) cells (K-BALB producing cells previously induced by IdUrd), and from K-BALB cells rescued by Rauscher leukemia virus. However, this stimulatory effect is not universal, since we observed that dexamethasone did not stimulate virus production from BALB cells newly infected by B-tropic virus, from S2CL3 cells producing N-tropic virus (a clone of spontaneously transformed BALB cells), from virus producing normal rat kidney cells, and from a mouse adrenal gland tumor Y-1 cell line chronically producing type C virus. Some estrogenic hormones that do not have any stimulatory effect on virus production from BALB or K-BALB cells induced by IdUrd stimulate virus production from normal rat kidney cells induced by IdUrd. When there is no stimulation of virus production in a cell system by steroid hormones, very often there is some inhibitory activity. Furthermore, we observed that in JLSV10 cells chronically producing Rauscher leukemia virus and in K-BALB cells newly infected by Rauscher leukemia virus, virus production is enhanced by dexamethasone when the cells are still producing a low titer of virus but is not enhanced when the cells are producing a high titer of virus.
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PMID:A survey on the effect of steroid hormone on type C virus production from cultured murine cells. 17 41

Case reports of neuroblastoma revealed that some individuals are genetically predisposed and that this genetic predisposition may have other consequences. According to a mutation model, two classes of individuals could acquire neuroblastoma. One (prezygotic) was a rare class that carried a dominant gene imparting high risk of the tumor. The other (postzygotic) comprised all other individuals, each at low risk. The model related tumor incidence to germinal and somatic mutation rates and thereby carried implications for environmental modification of tumorigenesis and demographic variation in incidence. Case reports also revealed associations of neuroblastoma with congenital defects and a susceptibility to second tumors. Analogy with retinoblastoma and Wilms' tumor of the kidney suggested that these associations could result from action of a neuroblastoma gene or from chromosomal aberration. One known dominantly inherited condition, von Recklinghausen's disease, could dispose to neuroblastoma and create some associations. According to the two-mutation model, neuroblastoma may have been a single recessive gene disorder at the level of the cell. The phenomena of aganglionosis, neuroblastoma in situ, maturation of neuroblastoma to ganglioneuroma, and spontaneous regression suggested that such a neuroblastoma gene interfered with normal developmental processes. The specificities of this gene and of those for von Recklinghausen's disease and pheochromocytoma suggested that the functiof a membrane macromolecule.
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PMID:Developmental genetics of neuroblastoma. 18 2

The presence of antibodies to the virus capsid antigen of the Epstein-Barr virus was established in the sera of children from different forms of neoplasms with the aid of the indirect method of immunofluorescence according to Henle. 69 sera were studied from children with Wilm's tumor, teratoblastoma, reticulosarcoma, neuroblastoma, sarcoma and also from children with benignant tumors. As control served sera from healthy children of corresponding age. As test cells synthesizing the virus capsid antigen the authors utilized a suspension culture of P3HR-I cells, being one of the clones of Burkitt's lymphoma. The performed investigations have shown that in no one group of children with tumor could there be discovered an increase in the content of antibodies to the Epstein-Barr virus in comparison to controls. It has also been revealed that the spread of the Epstein-Barr virus in different groups of patients and healthy children fluctuated between 83 and 100%.
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PMID:A study on the relation between the Epstein-Barr virus and some forms of malignant tumors in children. 18 36


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