Gene/Protein Disease Symptom Drug Enzyme Compound
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Query: UMLS:C0027819 (neuroblastoma)
 27,800 document(s) hit in 31,850,051 MEDLINE articles (0.00 seconds)

In normal conditions, neuron-specific enolase (NSE) is histochemically demonstrable only in neurons and cells of the amine precursor uptake and decarboxylation (APUD) system. This has been found not to be true for neoplastic cells. Several types of CNS tumors, including glioblastoma, astrocytoma, oligodendroglioma, ependymoma, medulloblastoma, pineocytoma , meningioma, and choroid plexus papilloma, focally stained positively for NSE. Reactive astrocytes were also frequently positive. In the peripheral nervous system, neuroblastoma, ganglioneuroma, and paraganglioma stained positively for NSE. A number of non-APUD tumors were focally positive. These included schwannoma, carcinoma and fibroadenoma of the breast, renal cell carcinoma, giant cell tumor of the tendon sheath, and chordoma. Caution should be exercised in relying on the immunohistochemical demonstration of NSE as a diagnostic marker in those tumors that do not belong to the APUD cell system. It seems of little value as evidence of differentiation in CNS tumors.
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PMID:Immunohistochemical demonstration of neuron-specific enolase in neoplasms of the CNS and other tissues. 654 18

A blocking microcytotoxicity assay was used to detect soluble astrocytoma-associated antigen. The richest source of soluble antigen was found in spent culture media from an established glioblastoma (GF) tissue culture line. Also assayed were fractions of sonicated membrane antigen from another (GM) glioblastoma and pellets of GF and GM cultured glioblastoma tissue. Blocking by media conditioned by cultured normal human brain, breast cancer, neuroblastoma, meningioma, or 2-year-old astrocytoma cell lines was 41-82% lower. A monomer was isolated that blocked cytotoxicity and migrated in molecular exclusion chromatography with alpha-macroglobulins rather than the beta-2-microglobulins usually associated with histocompatibility antigens.
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PMID:Microcytotoxicity blocking assay for the detection and isolation of soluble astrocytoma association antigen. 654 96

Spinal tumors are not very frequent; they represent 8-15% of the tumors of the central nervous system. In adulthood, more than a half of them are intradural extramedullary tumors; the most frequent oncotype is neurinoma, followed by meningioma. The frequency of astrocytomas of the spine is comparable with that of the brain, taking into account the different weights of the two organs; on the contrary, the frequency of ependymomas is higher than in the brain. In childhood, spinal tumors are quite infrequent . Some oncotypes are typical of infancy: neuroblastoma, teratoma, sarcoma. The pathological peculiarities of some oncotypes due to the spinal location are discussed.
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PMID:[Epidemiology and pathology of spinal tumors]. 672 79

The karyotypes of 47 pediatric brain tumors (14 cerebellar pilocytic astrocytomas, six cerebral pilocytic astrocytomas, seven anaplastic astrocytomas and glioblastomas, nine medulloblastomas [PNETs], one cerebral neuroblastoma, four ependymomas, and seven miscellaneous other neoplasms) are presented. Most of the pilocytic astrocytomas and ependymomas had normal karyotypes. In contrast, the majority of the anaplastic astrocytomas-glioblastomas were abnormal. The abnormalities included losses and structural abnormalities of chromosomes 9, 13, and 17, and double minutes. There were no losses of chromosomes 10 and 19q or gains of chromosome 7, which are among the most common abnormalities of adult glioblastomas. The chromosomal abnormalities in the medulloblastomas were similar to those reported in the literature but less frequent. Four tumors (choroid plexus papilloma, meningioma, cerebral malignant rhabdoid tumor, and immature teratoma) had losses of chromosome 22.
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PMID:Chromosomal abnormalities in 47 pediatric brain tumors. 762 8

The 14 tumors reported in Rubinstein-Taybi syndrome since 1989, when added to the 22 previously reported, are beginning to show a pattern of neural and developmental tumors, especially of the head, which is malformed in the syndrome. Among the neoplasms were 12 of the nervous system: 2 each of oligodendroglioma, medulloblastoma, neuroblastoma, and benign meningioma, a pheochromocytoma, and 3 other benign tumors; 2 of nasopharyngeal rhabdomyosarcoma; and 1 each of leiomyosarcoma, seminoma, and embryonal carcinoma. Among the other benign tumors were an odontoma, a choristoma, a dermoid cyst, and 2 pilomatrixomas.
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PMID:Tumors in Rubinstein-Taybi syndrome. 955 2

We developed an IgG1 mouse monoclonal antibody (ONS-M21) directed against a cell surface antigen of medulloblastomas and gliomas in immunisation of mice with the ONS-76 medulloblastoma cell line. The antibody specifically reacted with medulloblastomas, supratentorial primitive neuroectodermal tumours (SPNETs) and gliomas, but not with other neuroectodermally derived tumours (neuroblastoma and melanoma) or with other kinds of tumours (meningioma, neurinoma, leukaemia, and small cell lung cancer). No reactivity was identified with normal body tissues, including peripheral blood cells. Characterisation of the ONS-M21 antigen showed that it was a trypsin-sensitive glycoprotein with a molecular weight of 80 kDa on SDS-PAGE. The pattern of reactivity and the biochemical properties of this antigen were different from those of other markers of medulloblastoma. These results indicate that ONS-M21 detects a new tumour-associated cell surface antigen specifically expressed by medulloblastomas, SPNETs, and gliomas. This is the first report that medulloblastomas may share common cell surface antigens with gliomas, although most studies have concluded that medulloblastoma has a predominantly neuronal phenotype. The lack of reactivity with normal tissue implies that ONS-M21 has potential applications as both a diagnostic tool and a therapeutic agent.
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PMID:Characterisation of a new mouse monoclonal antibody (ONS-M21) reactive with both medulloblastomas and gliomas. 821 97

Paediatric oncology continues to search for improved methods for the early detection and effective treatment of solid tumours, especially those of the nervous system, which constitute 50% of all solid tumours in children and adolescents. These tumours, including neuroblastoma, meningioma, low-grade astrocytoma and medulloblastoma express somatostatin receptors and can be imaged effectively using 111In-octreotide. In addition to improved imaging techniques, somatostatin analogues are being developed for use in radioreceptor-guided surgery, as a component of adjuvant chemotherapy and for supportive treatment. Radioreceptor-guided surgery utilises 125I-Tyr3-octreotide or 125I-lanreotide to detect tumour foci within minutes of injection. It allows the detection of 0.1-1.0 mg tumour (1 x 10(5) to 1 x 10(6) tumour cells). This technique has successfully located foci of occult tumour in children with neuroblastoma. Somatostatin analogues are also currently being studied as tumour growth inhibitors between regular chemotherapy cycles and for the treatment of chemotherapy-induced pancreatitis in children with leukaemia. Research on somatostatin receptor subtype expression in paediatric tumours suggests that further investigation of analogue effects on growth inhibition and induction of differentiation will contribute to improved therapy for children with solid tumours.
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PMID:Clinical use of somatostatin analogues in paediatric oncology. 881 66

SV40 T antigen (Tag) coding sequences were detected by PCR amplification followed by Southern blot hybridization in human brain tumors and tumor cell lines, as well as in peripheral blood cells and sperm fluids of healthy donors. SV40 early region sequences were found in 83% of choroid plexus papillomas, 73% of ependymomas, 47% of astrocytomas, 33% of glioblastoma multiforme cases, 14% of meningiomas, 50% of glioblastoma cell lines, and 33% of astrocytoma cell lines and in 23% of peripheral blood cell samples and 45% of sperm fluids from normal individuals. None of the 13 normal brain tissues were positive for SV40 DNA, nor were seven oligodendrogliomas, two spongioblastomas, one neuroblastoma, one meningioma, or four neuroblastoma cell lines. Expression of SV40 early region was found by reverse transcription PCR, and SV40-specific Tag was detected by indirect immunofluorescence in glioblastoma cell lines. DNA sequence analysis, performed in four positive samples, confirmed that the amplified PCR products belong to the SV40 early region. Sixty-one % of the neoplastic patients positive for SV40 sequences had an age excluding exposure to SV40-contaminated polio vaccines, suggesting a contagious transmission of SV40. The possible role of SV40 Tag in the etiopathogenesis of human brain tumors and the spread of SV40 by horizontal infection in the human population are discussed.
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PMID:SV40 early region and large T antigen in human brain tumors, peripheral blood cells, and sperm fluids from healthy individuals. 924 67

This is a comprehensive immunohistochemical study of selected archival tumors of the nervous system applying human anti-neuronal nuclear autoantibodies of types 1 and 2 (ANNA-1 and -2), serum markers of paraneoplastic syndromes associated primarily with small cell lung cancer (SCLC). Neither ANNA-1 nor ANNA-2 bound to glial tumors regardless of histological grade and subtype; instead they labeled neurons in overrun normal parenchyma. Central neurocytomas and the neuronal components of mixed glioneuronal tumors were also immunoreactive for both. In addition, varying proportions of tumor cells were stained in dysembryoplastic neuroepithelial tumor, subependymal giant cell astrocytoma (SEGA), tuber and neuroblastoma. All other tumors were nonreactive, namely choroid plexus papilloma, pituitary adenoma, pineocytoma, pheochromocytoma, thymic and pulmonary carcinoid, chordoma, meningioma, schwannoma and metastatic melanoma. SCLC was immunonegative for ANNA-1 and ANNA-2 in paraffin preparations, but displayed strong immunoreactivity for both in frozen sections: this discrepancy was not observed in other tumors studied. In conclusion, the human IgG autoantibodies ANNA-1 and ANNA-2 provide novel tools for studying the cytogenesis of tumors of the nervous system in that they permit the identification of both normal and neoplastic, poorly differentiated and small neuronal cells that may escape detection using commercially available anti-neuronal antibodies.
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PMID:Anti-neuronal nuclear autoantibodies, types 1 and 2: their utility in the study of tumors of the nervous system. 979 96

A variety of inflammatory and neoplastic scalp lesions are encountered in surgical pathology. However, the literature on fine-needle aspirations (FNAs) of the scalp is exceedingly rare. We report on a series of 70 FNAs involving cutaneous and subcutaneous lesions on the scalp. A total of 70 fine-needle aspirations of cutaneous and subcutaneous scalp lesions was reviewed to identify patterns of metastasis to the scalp and to demonstrate the effectiveness of FNA in diagnosing these lesions. There were 42 male and 28 female patients, ranging in age from 29-91 yr (mean, approximately 61 yr). Sixty-one patients had a previous history of malignancy. Of these aspirates, 59 were neoplastic, consistent with the patient's known primary. One case was an abscess, and the remaining case was unsatisfactorvy for cytologic evaluation. Follow-up biopsy revealed granulomatous inflammation. The most common primary tumor to metastasize to the scalp was lung carcinoma, which was seen in 18 cases, followed by hematopoietic malignancies in 14 cases. Melanoma was identified in 6 cases, head and neck tumors in 5 cases, renal malignancies in 4 cases, gastrointestinal tumors in 3 cases, sarcoma in 3 cases, breast and prostate malignancy in 2 cases each, and an olfactory neuroblastoma and meningioma in 1 case each. The remaining 9 aspirates were from patients who did not have a previous history of malignancy. These included 6 benign aspirates consisting of 3 epidermal inclusion cysts, 2 lipomas, and 1 neurofibroma. Two aspirates were malignant and included 1 primary squamous-cell carcinoma and 1 metastatic adenocarcinoma of unknown origin. The remaining case was unsatisfactory for cytologic evaluation. Follow-up biopsy of this lesion showed noncaseating granulomas. Of the aspirates from patients with a previous history of malignancy, 97% were neoplastic. Lung carcinoma and hematopoietic malignancies were the most common neoplasms that metastasized to the scalp. Since the scalp is a common site for metastasis, awareness of this fact is useful to both oncologists and dermatologists. It must be understood that FNA can provide a rapid and accurate diagnosis in the evaluation of scalp masses.
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PMID:Fine-needle aspiration of scalp lesions. 1090 30


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