Gene/Protein Disease Symptom Drug Enzyme Compound
Pivot Concepts:   Target Concepts:
Query: UMLS:C0027819 (neuroblastoma)
 27,800 document(s) hit in 31,850,051 MEDLINE articles (0.00 seconds)

MyoD is a master regulatory gene for myogenesis. Under the control of a retroviral long terminal repeat, MyoD was expressed in a variety of differentiated cell types by using either a DNA transfection vector or a retrovirus. Expression of muscle-specific proteins was observed in chicken, human, and rat primary fibroblasts and in differentiated melanoma, neuroblastoma, liver, and adipocyte lines. The ability of MyoD to activate muscle genes in a variety of differentiated cell lines suggests that no additional tissue-specific factors other than MyoD are needed to activate the downstream program for terminal muscle differentiation or that, if such factors exist, they are themselves activated by MyoD expression.
 ...
PMID:Activation of muscle-specific genes in pigment, nerve, fat, liver, and fibroblast cell lines by forced expression of MyoD. 274 93

Autocrine-secreted tumor cell growth-inhibiting activities were isolated from supernatants of a malignant melanoma cell line, HTZ 19-dM, established from a central nervous system melanoma metastasis. HTZ 19-dM was characterized by cyto- and immunocytochemistry and karyotyping; cells were propagated in defined serum-free tissue culture medium for up to 8 months. Supernatants were ultrafiltrated, dialyzed, lyophilized, and purified by Bio-Gel P-10 gel permeation chromatography, leading to three active fraction pools, MIAI [melanoma-inhibiting activity (MIA), 2 kDa), MIAII (Mr 11,500-17,000) and MIAIII (proteins at the cutoff of Bio-Gel P-10) inhibiting growth of 19-dM cells with 50% inhibitory concentrations of 0.79 microgram/ml (MIAI), 0.13 microgram/ml (MIAII), and 16.7 micrograms/ml (MIAII). MIAII could be further purified by reverse phase high pressure liquid chromatography; the main activity displayed a 50% inhibitory concentration of 0.33 microgram/ml. On sodium dodecyl sulfate-polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis one major band (molecular weight about 14,000) and two minor bands (up to Mr 17,000) were identified. Macromolecular synthesis was inhibited in 19-dM cells up to greater than 99.5%; tumor stem cell colony formation was reduced by 99.89%; the inhibitory effect of MIAII was irreversible, nonsaturable, and partially antagonized by a serum factor (depending on purification stage). MIAII was heat stable (3 min at 100 degrees C) and trypsin labile. The effect of MIAII on allogeneic neuroectodermal tumors was also investigated; proliferation of two of three malignant melanomas and two of four glioblastomas was inhibited up to 85.2%; proliferation of a neuroblastoma cell line could be inhibited to 33.8%, whereas normal fibroblasts and low grade gliomas were not influenced in their proliferation.
 ...
PMID:Autocrine tumor cell growth-inhibiting activities from human malignant melanoma. 276 2

Human melanoma cells express high levels of GM3 and GD3 gangliosides whereas normal melanocytes have only low levels of GD3 but maintain their expression of GM3. In order to understand the basis for this difference, the levels of the sialyltransferase that converts GM3 to GD3 (CMP-N-acetylneuraminic acid:GM3 sialyltransferase or GD3 synthase, EC 2.4.99.8) were analyzed in melanoma and other cell lines. Enzyme levels were determined in vitro using membrane preparations and measuring the addition of [14C]-N-acetylneuraminic acid from CMP-[14C]-N-acetylneuraminic acid to GM3 in the presence of Triton CF-54. Sialyltransferase levels in 44 human cancer cell lines (including melanoma, neuroblastoma, astrocytoma, various carcinomas, and leukemias) and cultures of normal melanocytes and kidney epithelial cells were compared, and the products were identified by thin layer chromatography and fluorography. Melanoma cell lines exhibited the highest levels of incorporation and GD3 was found to be the major product. GM3 was also formed, apparently from endogenous lactosylceramide. Very low levels of GD3 synthase were found in normal melanocytes. Neuroblastoma and some astrocytoma cell lines also had significant levels of GD3 synthase. Some other cell lines incorporated high levels of radioactivity but the products did not correspond to GD3 and the major product was usually GM3. In general the levels of GD3 synthase correlated with the expression of GD3 in the various cell types. These results point to higher levels of GD3 synthase being directly responsible for the enhanced expression of GD3 in melanoma.
 ...
PMID:Sialyltransferase levels and ganglioside expression in melanoma and other cultured human cancer cells. 280 71

Five human tumor cell lines were grown as multicellular tumor spheroids (MTS) to determine whether multicellular tumor spheroids derived from different types of tumors would show tumor-type dependent differences in response to single-dose irradiation, and whether these differences paralleled clinical behavior. Multicellular tumor spheroids of two neuroblastoma, one lung adenocarcinoma, one melanoma, and a squamous cell carcinoma of the oral tongue, were studied in terms of growth delay, calculated cell survival, and spheroid control dose50 (SCD50). Growth delay and cell survival analysis for the tumor cell lines showed sensitivities that correlated well with clinical behavior of the tumor types of origin. Similar to other studies on melanoma multicellular tumor spheroids our spheroid control dose50 results for the melanoma cell line deviated from the general pattern of sensitivity. This might be due to the location of surviving cells, which prohibits proliferation of surviving cells and hence growth of melanoma multicellular tumor spheroids. This study demonstrates that radiosensitivity of human tumor cell lines can be evaluated in terms of growth delay, calculated cell survival, and spheroid control dose50 when grown as multicellular tumor spheroids. The sensitivity established from these evaluations parallels clinical behavior, thus offering a unique tool for the in vitro analysis of human tumor radiosensitivity.
 ...
PMID:Radiosensitivity of different human tumor cells lines grown as multicellular spheroids determined from growth curves and survival data. 280 34

Transforming growth factor (TGF)-beta 1 is a polypeptide that is assumed to play a fundamental role in the growth of both normal and neoplastic cells. TGF-beta 2 is a closely related polypeptide, originally described as glioblastoma cell-derived T cell suppressor factor (G-TsF) due to its immunosuppressive activity. Expression of the genes for TGF-beta 1 and G-TsF/TGF-beta 2 was examined in tumor cells and was found to be different in several cell lines and tissues that were tested. Whereas two glioblastoma cell lines expressed both TGF-beta 1 and G-TsF/TGF-beta 2 mRNA, one melanoma and neuroblastoma cell lines showed only TGF-beta 1 mRNA which in the case of the neuroblastoma required cycloheximide treatment for its detection. The coordinate expression of the genes for TGF-beta 1 and G-TsF/TGF-beta 2 in glioblastoma was not paralleled by secretion of both polypeptides as only G-TsF/TGF-beta 2 but not TGF-beta 1 was identified in supernatants of glioblastoma cells. These data provide evidence for a post-transcriptional level of regulation for production of the two forms of TGF-beta. As mRNA for G-TsF/TGF-beta 2 was also identified in fresh surgically removed human glioblastoma tissue, G-TsF/TGF-beta 2 may also be secreted within the tumor in vivo. Unlike glioblastoma, human fetal brain tissues or adult brain specimens studied did not express detectable levels of TGF-beta mRNA. Impaired cell-mediated immunity is an established finding in patients with glioblastoma. Secretion of G-TsF/TGF-beta 2 by tumor cells in vivo may contribute to decreased immune surveillance for tumor development, as well as neovascularization of the tumor tissue.
 ...
PMID:Immunosuppression and transforming growth factor-beta in glioblastoma. Preferential production of transforming growth factor-beta 2. 280 98

Primitive malignant melanoma of the nasal fossae is rare and amelanotic melanoma of the same site is highly unusual. The present work reports a case where positive diagnosis was only possible by means of ultrastructural study. Giving evidence of the premelanosomes, this technique made it possible to differentiate from other types of cancers (in particular from olfactory neuroblastoma, non differentiated small cell carcinomas and lymphoma). Although in all cases we are dealing with malignancies, the need for a precise histological diagnosis is fundamental to work up an adequate therapeutic protocol. Given the difficulties in getting an electronic microscope in any hospital, the method used in the present case is quite significant since it made precise diagnosis possible even on bioptic fragments fixed in non buffered formalin. Finally some problems regarding diagnosis and treatment linked to diagnosis by means of electronic microscopy are discussed.
 ...
PMID:[Primary amelanotic melanoma of the nasal fossa. Importance of ultrastructural study for diagnosis]. 281 54

Nerve growth factor (NGF) is a protein which promotes the survival and differentiation of neuronal cells in vitro and plays an important role in neuronal development. In this study, we have examined the expression of the receptor for NGF (NGFR) in human neuronal and nonneuronal cells, both in tissue culture and in vivo. In addition to cell lines derived from neuroblastoma, astrocytoma, and melanoma, all of which share a common neuroectodermal origin, NGFR was detected in a number of cultured cells of mesenchymal, epithelial, and hematopoietic derivation. Immunohistochemical analysis showed that NGFR is expressed in several nonneural human tissues, and the cell types in which NGFR was found include derivatives from all three germ layers. Thus, our findings demonstrate that NGFR is much more widely expressed in human cells and tissues than was previously thought.
 ...
PMID:Expression of human nerve growth factor receptor on cells derived from all three germ layers. 282 87

Bone-marrow autotransplantation consists of the administration of extremely high doses of chemotherapy and/or radiation followed by "rescue" with autologous, cryopreserved, bone-marrow cells. This approach can produce responses unattainable with conventional doses of similar agents. Bone-marrow autotransplantation is increasingly being done. This report summarises data from 2570 patients receiving autotransplants at 43 centres worldwide for haematological malignancies and solid tumours; more than 50% of these transplants were done since 1984. Most transplants were performed for treatment of lymphoma, leukaemia, lung cancer, melanoma, neuroblastoma, and breast cancer. Preliminary analyses indicate favourable responses in some tumour types and provide a basis for future investigations.
 ...
PMID:Bone-marrow autotransplantation in man. Report of an international cooperative study. 287 40

Thirty-five human neoplasms from various sites and of various histologic types and stages were examined with phosphorus-31 magnetic resonance spectroscopy in situ. The tumors included 13 squamous cell carcinomas of the head and neck (lymph nodes), eight Hodgkin lymphomas, six non-Hodgkin lymphomas, four carcinomas of the breast, one melanoma, one sarcoma, one neuroblastoma, and one mucoepidermoid sarcoma of the salivary glands. Thirty-four of the neoplasms had normal to slightly alkaline pH before irradiation. During fractionated radiation therapy, the pH stayed in a range of from near neutral to alkaline and rose to 7.6-8.0 at several time points of radiation therapy for some tumors. These results suggest that most tumor cells in human neoplasms are well oxygenated and that only a negligible fraction are chronic hypoxic cells. The fluctuating alkaline pH during radiation therapy occurred regardless of the responsiveness of the treated tumors.
 ...
PMID:Human neoplasm pH and response to radiation therapy: P-31 MR spectroscopy studies in situ. 261 Jul 57

Optimal monoclonal antibody-mediated immunotherapy requires the identification of tumor-restricted cell surface antigens. We have identified and partially characterized 5 new monoclonal antibodies generated against malignant astrocytoma, medulloblastoma, neuroblastoma and melanoma which were used to define 5 neuroectodermal tumor antigenic systems. CNT/1 identifies a 57-kDa, heat-stable, trypsin-sensitive neuroblastoma surface antigen, which is expressed intracellularly in many malignant gliomas, medulloblastomas, ependymomas, breast and ovarian carcinomas. CNT/2 reacts with a 130-kDa, heat-labile, trypsin- and neuraminidase-resistant antigen restricted to low-grade astrocytomas and malignant gliomas. CNT/11 reacts with a 70-kDa, heat-labile, trypsin-sensitive antigen coded for by a gene on chromosome 12, and is restricted to astrocytomas, neuroblastomas and sarcomas. CNT/8 identifies a heat-labile, trypsin-sensitive antigen whose gene has been localized to chromosome 15 and is expressed by neuroectodermal and mesodermally derived tumors and few epithelial cancers. The B2.6 antigen is identified only in terms of serologic reactivity with a subset of cultured astrocytomas and melanomas. Neuroectodermal tumor-associated antigens may be categorized as lineage-consistent, lineage-independent and putatively tumor-restricted in their expression. These restricted antibodies may be potentially useful reagents to consider for monoclonal antibody-mediated immunotherapy of CNS neoplasms.
 ...
PMID:Five novel cell surface antigens of CNS neoplasms. 292 43


<< Previous 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10