Gene/Protein Disease Symptom Drug Enzyme Compound
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Query: UMLS:C0027819 (neuroblastoma)
 27,800 document(s) hit in 31,850,051 MEDLINE articles (0.00 seconds)

Fifty-one lymphograms were performed in children; the indications, technique and results are discussed. Indications are the search for retroperitoneal involvement in lymphogranulomatosis, lympho-sarcoma and reticulum cell sarcoma; in the search for metastases from malignant tumours, particularly abdominal neuroblastoma, soft tissue sarcomas of the abdomen and lower extremities, testicular tumours and malignant melanomas and finally, for primary lymph-oedema and lymphangiomas. Technique is the same as for adults, but requires particular manual dexterity. Children under six years require general anaesthesia. Amongst 28 children with malignant lymphomas, pathological changes in the retroperitoneal lymph nodes were found in seven. In six, this resulted in a change of the staging. Five out of 16 lymphograms in children with malignant tumours showed evidence of lymph node metastases. All six lymphangiograms in children with lymphoedema and lymphangiomas were abnormal.
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PMID:[Lymphography in childhood (author's transl)]. 12 77

The presence of antibodies to the virus capsid antigen of the Epstein-Barr virus was established in the sera of children from different forms of neoplasms with the aid of the indirect method of immunofluorescence according to Henle. 69 sera were studied from children with Wilm's tumor, teratoblastoma, reticulosarcoma, neuroblastoma, sarcoma and also from children with benignant tumors. As control served sera from healthy children of corresponding age. As test cells synthesizing the virus capsid antigen the authors utilized a suspension culture of P3HR-I cells, being one of the clones of Burkitt's lymphoma. The performed investigations have shown that in no one group of children with tumor could there be discovered an increase in the content of antibodies to the Epstein-Barr virus in comparison to controls. It has also been revealed that the spread of the Epstein-Barr virus in different groups of patients and healthy children fluctuated between 83 and 100%.
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PMID:A study on the relation between the Epstein-Barr virus and some forms of malignant tumors in children. 18 36

The presence of antibody to virus capsid antigen (VCA) of Epstein-Barr virus (EBV) was determined in sera from children with various forms of neoplasia by the indirect immunofluorescence procedure of Henle. Eighty-one sera from children with Wilms tumor, teratoblastoma, reticulosarcoma, neuroblastoma, soft tissue sarcoma, as well as from children with benign tumors were examined. The controls included sera from normal children of the same ages. The test cells synthesizing VCA were suspension cultures of P3HR-1 cells which are one of the clones of Burkitt lymphoma. The studies showed no increase in the content of antibody to EBV in any of the groups of children with tumors as compared with the controls. It was also found that the percentage of EBV infection in various groups of sick and normal children varied from 82 to 100.
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PMID:[Antibodies to Epstein-Barr virus in the sera of children with different neoplasms]. 19 3

VM-26, a semisynthetic podophyllotoxin, was tested for antitumor activity and clinical toxicity in 181 children. The drug was administered iv at weekly intervals, beginning at a dose of 130 mg/2/week. The dose was increased, as tolerated, after 3 and 6 weeks to 150 and 180 mg/m2/week, respectively. The only major toxicity was hematologic, with neutropenia predominating. Anaphylaxis occurred in one patient. The drug demonstrated significant activity in acute lymphocytic leukemia (four responses among 15 patients) and neuroblastoma (ten responses among 31 patients). Objective responses were also noted in one patient each with acute myelogenous leukemia, Hodgkin's disease, histiocytic lymphoma, Wilms' tumor, Ewing's sarcoma, undifferentiated carcinoma, and sacrococcygeal sarcoma. Further trials of VM-26 in these childhood malignancies are warranted.
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PMID:Phase II study of VM-26 in acute leukemia, neuroblastoma, and other refractory childhood malignancies: a report from the Children's Cancer Study Group. 38 Aug 3

Published reports indicate that normal rodent cells can grow in medium containing either L-methionine or L-homocysteine, whereas malignant rodent cells have an absolute requirement for L-methionine. Our studies with two normal human cell lines (fetal lung fibroblasts and bladder epithelial cells) exhibit equal growth in media containing either L-methionine or L-homocysteine. The same is true for five malignant human cell lines (carcinoma of the cervix [HeLa], adenocarcinoma of the breast [AlAb], acute lymphoblastic leukemia [MOLT-3], Wilms' tumor [SK-NEP-1], and reticulum cell sarcoma [T-77], whereas four other malignant cell lines (adenocarcinoma of the breast [SK-BR-2-III], the two lymphoblastic leukemias [CCRF-HSB-2 and CCRF-SB], and a neuroblastoma [SK-N-MC]) have absolute requirements for L-methionine. Two malignant cell lines, an adenocarcinoma of the lung (A549) and an adenocarcinoma of the pancreas (Capan-1), showed restricted growth under the experimental conditions used. L-Methionlinase (L-methionine-alpha-deamino-gamma-mercaptomethane-lyase, EC 4.4.1.11) at a concentration of 0.1 unit/ml leads to complete growth inhibition of cell cultures of both the normal human fetal lung fibroblasts (F-136-35-56) and the acute lymphoblastic leukemia (CCRF-HSB-2). L-Homocysteine-thiolactone in medium containing L-methioninase could partly "rescue" the normal but not the malignant cells.
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PMID:Tumor therapy by deprivation of L-methionine: rationale and results. 46 46

The author reports four cases of Ewing's sarcoma primarily located in the maxilla and emphasizes the rarity of such a primary location and the fact that this series contained cases observed at the Department of Otolaryngology of Padua University during the last three years which, though small, is the largest so far reported. In addition to a review of the world literature on the subject, the problems related to the differential diagnosis, in particular from reticulum cell sarcoma of bone, neuroblastoma and olfactory neuroblastoma are discussed. The cases reported are accurately described and histologically documented. Treatment of Ewing's sarcoma is also discussed and, according to the author, the elective therapeutic procedure should consider local irradiation and intermittent but prolonged systemic chemotherapy, leaving mutilating surgery only for recurrent tumours.
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PMID:Primary Ewing's sarcoma of the maxilla: a clinicopathological study of four cases. 71 27

Studies of the mouse C-1300 neuroblastoma were undertaken in order to isolate tumor-specific antibodies and harness them for detection of tumors in vivo. Preliminary investigations demonstrated the strain-growth specificity of the neuroblastoma in A/Jax male mice and established the requirement for tumor viability for successful adoptive passage. Intradermally passaged tumor permitted extended survival of mice so that serum could be sampled at intervals for the presence of tumor-specific antibodies. By means of an indirect radioimmunoassay with glutaraldehyde-fixed identified in the serum of tumor-bearing hosts 6 days after inoculation, with a steady increase in antibody levels observed through Day 22. An eluate in which immunoglobulin G antibodies were identified by immunoelectrophoresis was obtained from purified tumor cells by acid buffer incubation. These antibodies were labeled with 125-I, absorbed with normal tissues, and injected into tumor-bearing mice. A selectively collimated single-probe isotope localization was positioned over the intradermal tumor, while the rest of the animal was shielded with lead. With this device, 125-neuroblastoma eluate was significantly taken up in the neuroblastoma but not in the mouse head or in a reticulum cell sarcoma control. Increasing uptake of MOPC 141 125-I-immunoglobulin G was not observed in either tumor. These studies suggest that the mouse neuroblastoma may provide a source of tumor-specific, antibodies and that, with sensitive monitoring devices, these antibodies may be utilized to localize occult neoplastic tissue in vivo.
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PMID:Localization of neuroblastoma in vivo with tumor-specific antibodies. 109 75

Thirty-two children with solid tumors (lymphangioma, fibrosarcoma, hepatocarcinoma, osteogenic sarcoma, rhabdomyosarcoma, lymphosarcoma, mesenchymoma, hepatoma, Ewing's sarcoma, reticulum cell sarcoma, neuroblastoma, Hodgkin's disease, and brain tumors) were studied for alterations in coagulation by means of platelet counts, platelet aggregation, thrombelastogram, procoagulant and antigenic factor VIII, fibrin split products, and antithrombin III level. Results indicated hypercoagulability as shown by abnormally short thrombelastograms and elevated factor VIII levels and platelet counts in approximately one-half of the group. With the exception of increased fibrin split products in a third of the patients, little laboratory or clinical evidence for disseminated intravascular coagulation was seen. Hypercoagulability, as noted in adult carcinoma patients, can also occur in childhood sarcoma patients.
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PMID:Hypercoagulability in childhood cancer. 120 73

Ewing's sarcoma is an intraosseous malignant tumor of questionable pathogenesis which occurs only occasionally in the jaws. Seventeen cases, eight maxillary and nine mandibular, from the files of the Armed Forces Institute of Pathology (AFIP) are reported. This neoplasm primarily affects children and young adults. Swelling and pain are frequent symptoms. Radiographically, it is most often seen as a destructive, expansile, mottled radiolucent lesion, which may produce a laminated periosteal reaction. The prognosis is poor, although some reports of combined surgery, radiation, and chemotherapy protocols have offered encouragement for increased survival. Histopathologically, Ewing's sarcoma must be differentiated from other small, round-cell malignant neoplasms, such as neuroblastoma and reticulum cell sarcoma.
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PMID:Ewing's sarcoma of the jaws. 619 82

The neuroblastoma is one of the most frequent malignant solid tumors in childhood and is thus of great practical importance. The origin of neuroblastoma cells from neural crest derivatives is generally accepted now, and this histogenesis explains some biochemical and morphological characteristics of the tumor. The cytological and histological features of neuroblastomas can be rather varying and, therefore, the diagnosis and differential diagnosis may be difficult. Our study presents the findings of 48 neuroblastomas after light microscopic examination and the ultrastructural characteristics of 8 neuroblastomas and 1 ganglioneuroma. At light microscopic level, completely undifferentiated neuroblastomas and tumors with variable degrees of differentiation were identified. The differentiation of the tumor tissue to ganglion cell-like elements was indicated by an increasing amount of cellular cytoplasm with development of a cytoplasmic process as well as an alteration of the picture of the nucleus (nuclear enlargement and a clearly visible nucleolus). Differentiation to Schwann cell-like elements was occasionally observed, too. Electron microscopically, in all tumors neurosecretory granules could be recognized, and in the better differentiated areas neurite-like cytoplasmic projections were detectable. Thus, the electron microscopy can be a valuable aid in establishing an unequivocal diagnosis. The histology of neuroblastomas is said to be of prognostic significance. Therefore, grading schemes of malignancy were developed. At present, the grading procedure after Hughes and coworkers is mostly used. The criteria of this grading system are presented and interpreted. Finally, those tumors are briefly characterized which play the main role in the differential diagnosis, i.e. juvenile rhabdomyosarcomas, Ewing's sarcoma (including the extraskeletal type), lymphoblastic lymphoma and histiocytic reticulosarcoma. The most important clinicopathologic differences in comparison to neuroblastomas are referred to. Using a large scale of morphologic methods as well as considering clinical and paraclinical parameters, the exact diagnosis of neuroblastoma should be possible in nearly every case.
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PMID:[Morphology of neuroblastoma. Light and electron microscopic studies as a contribution on diagnosis and differential diagnosis]. 634 76


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