Gene/Protein Disease Symptom Drug Enzyme Compound
Pivot Concepts:   Target Concepts:
Query: UMLS:C0027819 (neuroblastoma)
 27,800 document(s) hit in 31,850,051 MEDLINE articles (0.00 seconds)

Many cancers have been cured by chemotherapeutic agents. However, other cancers are intrinsically drug resistant, and some acquire resistance following chemotherapy. Cloning of the cDNA for the human MDR1 gene (also known as PGY1), which encodes the multidrug efflux protein P-glycoprotein, has made it possible to measure levels of MDR1 RNA in human cancers. We report the levels of MDR1 RNA in greater than 400 human cancers. MDR1 RNA levels were usually elevated in untreated, intrinsically drug-resistant tumors, including those derived from the colon, kidney, adrenal gland, liver, and pancreas, as well as in carcinoid tumors, chronic myelogenous leukemia in blast crisis, and cell lines of non-small cell carcinoma of the lung (NSCLC) with neuroendocrine properties. MDR1 RNA levels were occasionally elevated in other untreated cancers, including neuroblastoma, acute lymphocytic leukemia (ALL) in adults, acute nonlymphocytic leukemia (ANLL) in adults, and indolent non-Hodgkin's lymphoma. MDR1 RNA levels were also increased in some cancers at relapse after chemotherapy, including ALL, ANLL, breast cancer, neuroblastoma, pheochromocytoma, and nodular, poorly differentiated lymphoma. Many types of drug-sensitive and drug-resistant tumors, including NSCLC and melanoma, contained undetectable or low levels of MDR1 RNA. The consistent association of MDR1 expression with several intrinsically resistant cancers and the increased expression of the MDR1 gene in certain cancers with acquired drug resistance indicate that the MDR1 gene contributes to multidrug resistance in many human cancers. Thus, evaluation of MDR1 gene expression may prove to be a valuable tool in the identification of individuals whose cancers are resistant to specific agents. The information may be useful in designing or altering chemotherapeutic protocols in these patients.
 ...
PMID:Expression of a multidrug resistance gene in human cancers. 256 56

The International Autologous Bone Marrow Transplant Registry surveyed activity at 112 centres worldwide. Transplants increased from 265 in 1981 to over 1200 in 1987. Diseases most frequently treated by autotransplantation included non-Hodgkin lymphoma (22%), acute myelogenous leukaemia (19%), acute lymphoblastic leukaemia (15%), Hodgkin disease (15%), and neuroblastoma (5%). There were striking differences in the use of autotransplants between North America and Europe. Autotransplants for lymphomas and solid tumours comprised 94% of North American Autotransplants but only 41% of those in Europe. In contrast, leukaemia was the indication in 59% of Europeans but only 6% of North Americans. 65% of leukaemia autotransplants in Europe were done in first remission compared with 8% in North America. There were also differences in age and types of lymphoma autotransplanted--Burkitt and lymphoblastic lymphoma in young persons in Europe, versus large-cell lymphomas in older persons in North America.
 ...
PMID:Autologous bone marrow transplants: different indications in Europe and North America. Advisory Committee of the International Autologous Bone Marrow Transplant Registry (ABMTR). 256 13

Sinonasal neoplasms and neoplasm-like proliferations composed of light microscopically poorly differentiated or undifferentiated, small- to medium-sized cells cause considerable diagnostic confusion. Lesions in this category include lymphoepithelioma (undifferentiated carcinoma), olfactory neuroblastoma, small-cell undifferentiated (oat cell) carcinoma, sinonasal undifferentiated carcinoma, malignant melanoma, pituitary adenoma, lymphoid hyperplasia, malignant lymphoma, plasmacytoma, lymphomatoid granulomatosis, rhabdomyosarcoma, mesenchymal chondrosarcoma, small cell osteosarcoma, Ewing's sarcoma, and synovial sarcoma. Many of these lesions can be definitively diagnosed based on light microscopic features alone, but, in some instances, additional techniques such as immunohistochemistry are of value. The authors review the pertinent clinicopathologic features of the above lesions, with emphasis on light microscopic, immunohistochemical, and ultrastructural features of particular utility in differential diagnosis.
 ...
PMID:"Undifferentiated" neoplasms of the sinonasal region: differential diagnosis based on clinical, light microscopic, immunohistochemical, and ultrastructural features. 269 5

Postoperative course is reported in 52 children with malignant tumors (neuroblastoma, Wilms-tumor, non-Hodgkin-lymphoma, osteosarcoma etc.) who were operated on between 1979 and 1987. 26 children received chemotherapy prior to surgery, whereas 26 children were operated on without preceding chemotherapy (control group). Most children were under six years of age. 15 Children (57.7%) with preoperative chemotherapy developed early postoperative complications, such as sepsis, pneumonia, suture dehiscence, woundhealing disturbances and ileus, whereas this was the case in only 5 children (19.2%) without preoperative chemotherapy (P 0.0005). Four of the children with preoperative chemotherapy (15.4%) sustained late complications, such as local recurrence or mechanical bowel obstruction, whereas none of the control children did so. Lethality rate from underlying disease did not differ in both groups during follow-up (5 = 19.2% vs. 5 = 19.2%). This demonstrates that the surgeon must carefully be aware of an increased possibility of early and late complications in children who have to undergo surgery for malignant tumors following preoperative chemotherapy.
 ...
PMID:[Postoperative course in children with malignant tumors following preoperative chemotherapy]. 273 47

Magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) is currently the only non-invasive method detecting changes of bone marrow. While yellow bone marrow produces a high signal intensity, which is similar to subcutaneous fat, any other cellular infiltration of the bone marrow causes a decrease of signal intensity because of replacement of marrow fat cells. In this report we describe two patients, who underwent MRI because of clinical symptoms of coxitis, in order to exclude Perthes disease. Both cases showed decreased signal intensity of the bone marrow particularly of the proximal femura, highly indicative of cellular bone marrow infiltration. Bone marrow aspiration in these patients showed acute lymphocytic leukemia in one case and marrow infiltration by neuroblastoma cells respectively in the other case. Because of its high sensitivity, MRI is also suitable in detecting focal bone marrow disease. For these cases a biopsy of these focal bone marrow lesions can be performed in order to stage the disease properly as in the presence of neuroblastoma or malignant lymphoma presenting with localized disease, however, with focal bone marrow metastases on MRI. In addition MRI can also be used to follow up the disease as well as therapy by showing the regression of these bone marrow lesions.
 ...
PMID:[Malignant bone marrow infiltration in nuclear magnetic resonance tomography]. 276 97

Primitive malignant melanoma of the nasal fossae is rare and amelanotic melanoma of the same site is highly unusual. The present work reports a case where positive diagnosis was only possible by means of ultrastructural study. Giving evidence of the premelanosomes, this technique made it possible to differentiate from other types of cancers (in particular from olfactory neuroblastoma, non differentiated small cell carcinomas and lymphoma). Although in all cases we are dealing with malignancies, the need for a precise histological diagnosis is fundamental to work up an adequate therapeutic protocol. Given the difficulties in getting an electronic microscope in any hospital, the method used in the present case is quite significant since it made precise diagnosis possible even on bioptic fragments fixed in non buffered formalin. Finally some problems regarding diagnosis and treatment linked to diagnosis by means of electronic microscopy are discussed.
 ...
PMID:[Primary amelanotic melanoma of the nasal fossa. Importance of ultrastructural study for diagnosis]. 281 54

Opiate receptor-mediated inhibition of adenylate cyclase activity was elicited in membranes of C6BUI glioma cells and S49 cyc- lymphoma cells after fusion with opiate receptor-containing membranes derived from NG108-15 neuroblastoma x glioma hybrid cells. The fusion was induced by polyethylene glycol using procedures developed by Orly and Schramm [(1976) Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. USA 73, 4410-4414]. Prior to fusion, the adenylate cyclase activity of the donor. NG108-15 cell membrane, was inactivated by N-ethylmaleimide treatment. Prostaglandin E1 receptors and the stimulatory GTP-binding protein Ns were transferred to the recipient cells along with opiate receptors. Thus, inhibitory receptors can be transferred to foreign adenylate cyclase systems just as stimulatory receptors had earlier been found to do. Furthermore, opiate receptors have been shown to function in non-neuronal cells.
 ...
PMID:Transfer of functional opiate receptors from membranes to recipient cells by polyethylene glycol-induced fusion. 282 Aug 7

The authors have examined extracellular matrix (ECM) biosynthesis by small round cell tumors of childhood. Basal lamina (laminin and Type IV collagen) and stroma (collagens I, III, and V and fibronectin) constituents were studied. It was found that these tumors synthesize ECM in characteristic patterns. Five Ewing's sarcomas variably synthesized small amounts of all ECM constituents except Type V collagen. All eight neural tumors (neuroblastoma and primitive neural tumors) synthesized fibronectin (unlike some Ewing's sarcomas), as well as laminin and Type IV collagen (2 cases lacked Type IV collagen synthesis). No stromal (I/III) collagen synthesis was observed by neural tumors. All soft tissue sarcomas except an embryonal rhabdomyosarcoma synthesized stromal collagens and often laminin or fibronectin as well. Lymphomas synthesized no ECM of any kind. The synthesis of stromal collagens by sarcomas but not neural tumors serves to distinguish these two tumor types, especially Ewing's sarcoma from neuroblastoma. The presence of any ECM synthesis excludes lymphoma from diagnostic consideration.
 ...
PMID:Extracellular matrix synthesis by undifferentiated childhood tumor cell lines. 282 16

Hormonal regulation of Mg2+ influx was examined in the neuroblastoma X glioma hybrid cell line NG108-15 and the skeletal muscle cell line G8 using 28Mg2+. Both cell lines express multiple classes of hormone receptors; in addition, G8 cells can be induced to differentiate from a single myoblast-like cell into fused myotube-like cells. In NG108-15 cells, 2-Cl-adenosine, an adenosine receptor agonist, stimulated Mg2+ influx by about 60%. This effect was not mimicked by norepinephrine or PGE1, agonists at alpha 2-adrenergic and prostaglandin receptors which NG108-15 cells also express. Carbachol, acting through a muscarinic receptor, gave minimal and variable stimulation of Mg2+ influx. The effect of 2-Cl-adenosine was not blocked by theophylline, an adenosine receptor antagonist, and was not mimicked by adenosine analogs selective for either A1 or A2 adenosine receptors, suggesting that a nonclassical adenosine receptor mediates the effect on Mg2+ influx. Theophylline slightly stimulated Mg2+ influx as did the permeable cyclic AMP analog, 8-Br-cyclic AMP. These results indicate that cyclic AMP may influence Mg2+ influx in NG108-15 cells unlike previous results in murine S49 lymphoma cells [Maguire and Erdos, J. biol. Chem. 255: 1030-1035, 1980] where receptor modulation of Mg2+ influx was independent of cyclic AMP. In G8 cells, the nicotinic cholinergic receptor agonist carbachol stimulated Mg2+ influx at the myoblast cell stage but had no effect on Mg2+ influx after cells had formed myotubes. The beta-adrenergic agonist isoproterenol had the opposite effect, stimulating Mg2+ influx in the myotube stage but not in the myoblast stage. Taken together, these results demonstrate that only a subset of receptors expressed by a cell may be coupled to Mg2+ influx, that the regulation of Mg2+ influx differs from cell type to cell type, and finally, that modulation of Mg2+ influx by hormone receptors may change with differentiation.
 ...
PMID:Hormonal regulation of magnesium uptake: differential coupling of membrane receptors to magnesium uptake. 282 11

Developments in the treatment of childhood cancer have been evaluated in patients who had been treated in the National Children's Hospital from 1965 to 1987. The total number of patients was 867, of which leukemia accounted for 376, malignant lymphoma 61, neuroblastoma 174, Wilms' tumor 55, yolk sac tumor 29, rhabdomyosarcoma 36 and hepatoblastoma 30. Patients were divided into three time intervals: the 1960s, 1970s and 1980s. A marked improvement in five-year survival was recognized in Wilms' tumor and yolk sac tumor, amounting to 80%, followed by rhabdomyosarcoma, acute lymphoblastic leukemia and malignant lymphoma. There was no improvement in patients with acute non-lymphoblastic leukemia, neuroblastoma and hepatoblastoma. Prognostic factors for neuroblastoma were further analyzed, and the age of onset and stage of disease were found to have remained constant for 23 years. Factors relating to the improvement of survival were discussed.
 ...
PMID:Improvement in the treatment of childhood cancer: analysis of survival data from the National Children's Hospital (1965-1987). 284 93


<< Previous 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 Next >>