Gene/Protein Disease Symptom Drug Enzyme Compound
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Query: UMLS:C0027819 (neuroblastoma)
 27,800 document(s) hit in 31,850,051 MEDLINE articles (0.00 seconds)

A case of abdominal Burkitt's lymphoma diagnosed through aspiration cytology is described. This 9-year-old boy presented with abdominal pain and distention for three months accompanied by fever and night sweat during the last month. An abdominal sonography and CT scan showed hepatosplenomegaly and an intrahepatic mass with celiac lymph node enlargement, ascites, and pleural fluid. A peripheral blood smear showed a few blast cells. Aspiration of the abdominal mass revealed very cellular aspirates consisting of diffusely scattered small monotonous round cells. The cells had little cytoplasm, along with round nuclei that showed clear-cut nuclear membrane, coarse chromatin pattern, and multiple small prominent nucleoli. Differential diagnoses considered were small round cell sarcomas such as malignant lymphoma, neuroblastoma, Ewing's sarcoma, and rhabdomyosarcoma. Of these, malignant lymphoma of the small noncleaved cell type was most consistent with the results of several studies including immunohistochemical staining, peripheral blood smear, and bone marrow biopsy. The cells were positive for leukocyte common antigen (LCA) and showed finely vacuolated basophilic cytoplasm in both the peripheral blood smear and bone marrow biopsy, characteristic of Burkitt's lymphoma cells.
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PMID:Abdominal Burkitt's lymphoma diagnosed by fine needle aspiration cytology--a case report. 227 68

Acute changes in mental status (AMS) develop in children with cancer from a multitude of cancer- and treatment-related complications. To determine the incidence, etiology, and outcome of children with cancer who had AMS, the medical records of all children under 18 years of age with systemic cancer (excluding primary central nervous system tumors) who had AMS in our institution during the years 1981 through 1987 were reviewed. AMS developed in 89 of 815 children at risk (11%). The AMS was caused by seizures in 53 (60%), an encephalopathy in 24 (27%), and a stroke syndrome in 12 (13%). AMS occurred in 42 of 305 (14%) with leukemia, 16 of 139 (12%) with lymphoma, 14 of 136 (10%) with sarcoma, 10 of 104 (9%) with neuroblastoma, and 7 of 104 (5%) with other malignancies. Children with acute lymphocytic leukemia were more prone to having seizures (61%), while children with nonacute lymphocytic leukemia were almost equally likely to have encephalopathies, strokes, or seizures. Children with lymphoma were admitted for treatment most often with an encephalopathy (44%). Etiologies for AMS were evaluated vigorously, and one or more etiologies were identified in 80 of 89 (89%) patients. Dependent on the type of tumor, the anticancer treatment used and, timing during the course of illness AMS occurred, specific diagnoses were more likely. Neurologic morbidity and mortality were dependent on the cause of AMS. Children with seizures that were initially difficult to control were more likely to require long-term anticonvulsant therapy.
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PMID:Acute mental status changes in children with systemic cancer. 230 89

A method is described for quantitative measurements of homotypic aggregation by sequential passaging of cells through several gauze nets with different mesh width. This method allows rapid and simple determination of the size distribution of the formed aggregates with little cost. Time course and the effects of divalent cations, sugars and of enzyme treatment on homotypic aggregation were examined in detail for the human colon carcinoma line HT29, but also aggregation of human neuroblastoma, leukemic promyelocytes HL60, and of murine lymphoma cells was studied. Crude membrane fractions prepared from several colon carcinoma cells and from dissociated human colon tumour tissue showed strong aggregation-promoting effects when incubated with HT29 cells. Determination of lectin-induced agglutination of HT29 cells by means of the proposed method demonstrated that HT29 carries high numbers of binding sites for Ricinus communis agglutinin, wheat germ agglutinin, Ulex europeus agglutinin and Griffonia simplicifolia I isolectin A4. These results were supported by direct microanalytical determination of membrane-bound sialic acid and total fucose.
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PMID:A new test to measure homotypic aggregation of human tumour cells. 230 63

As bone marrow transplantation is being used with increasing frequency, problems of storage space and cost, inventory control and disposal have arisen. Issues such as maximum storage time and acquisition of consent for marrow disposal need to be addressed before a large inventory is accumulated. Consideration should also be given to using non-infused marrows for research purposes. Eighty-three bone marrow transplant centers were surveyed in an attempt to establish a data base with regard to guidelines for storage of cryopreserved human bone marrow. Fifty-two centers (62.7%) responded to the questionnaire, 5 of which did not have an active cryopreservation program. The remaining 47 centers freeze and store autologous marrow from patients with leukemia, lymphoma, neuroblastoma and a large diversity of other conditions including solid tumors. Twelve centers (25.5%) specify maximum storage times of up to 5 years, but only 9 centers (19.1%) require the donor to sign a specific consent form for marrow disposal if it is not used for transplantation within a given time. Eighty-five percent of the responding centers reinfuse at least half of the marrows they freeze within 12 months of harvesting. It appears that at least 90% of marrows that are being reinfused have been stored for three years or less. However, the storage time of non-infused marrows extends even further, and autologous marrow has been reinfused successfully as long as eight years after storage.
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PMID:Cryopreservation and storage of human bone marrow: a survey of current practices. 230 98

Metastatic cord compression is a rare complication of malignant diseases in childhood. The most common causes are bone and soft tissue sarcomas, neuroblastoma, lymphoma and leukemia. The clinical manifestations, diagnosis, treatment and evolution of eight children with metastatic cord compression are presented. Diagnosis was based on computerized tomography that was pathological in all the cases, and confirmed by myelography in four patients. The cytological analysis of the cerebrospinal fluid was made in three patients being negative for tumoral cells in all of them. Treatment consisted on radiotherapy, chemotherapy and/or surgery depending on the tumor histology. Decompressive laminectomy was made in patients who did not show previous evidence of cancer. Functional prognosis was related with the degree of disablement at diagnosis and treatment.
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PMID:[Spinal cord compression in children with cancer]. 240 Jan 55

Calcineurin is one of the calmodulin binding proteins and a Ca2+-dependent and calmodulin-stimulated phosphoprotein phosphatase. We used antisera to the calcineurin as a cell-type-specific marker in order to identify neuronal cells in the rat brain and human neoplasms. In normal rat brain slices, basal ganglia were stained macroscopically, and other areas such as cerebral cortex, corpus callosum, cerebellar cortex, granular layer and pyramidal tract of the spinal cord were lightly identified as well. Under the light microscope, it was found that only the neuronal cells were stained, and astrocytes, oligodendrocytes, ependymal cells and vessels were not. Intracellular distribution of the staining showed various patterns and staining intensity of varying degree. Using the PAP method, localization of the calcineurin in formalin-fixed, paraffin-embedded tissues were studied in 65 human intracranial neoplasms, and in 11 human extracranial neoplasms. The neuronal elements of neuroblastoma, ganglioglioma, ganglioneuroma and retinoblastoma were clearly stained. In contrast, glioblastoma, astrocytoma, oligodendroglioma, ependymoma, meningioma, neurinoma, pituitary adenoma, craniopharyngioma, hemangioblastoma, hamartoma, lymphoma and mesenchymal tumor were all negative. Two cases out of 5 medulloblastomas were stained, but others were not. Although positive tumors disclosed various staining patterns and intensities, these results indicated that calcineurin could be a new neuronal marker in human brain tumors.
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PMID:Calcineurin as a neuronal marker of human brain tumors. 242 51

A retroperitoneal mass was subjected to fine needle aspiration biopsy for cytologic evaluation. The aspirate consisted of a monotonous population of undifferentiated tumor cells whose cytologic appearance was consistent with a small-cell (Ewing's) sarcoma. The differential diagnosis of extraskeletal Ewing's sarcoma from other small-cell neoplasms, such as lymphoma, neuroblastoma and other soft-tissue sarcoma, cannot be made solely on the basis of morphologic studies. As in this case, histochemical studies and consideration of the clinical features are needed to make the final diagnosis.
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PMID:Extraskeletal Ewing's sarcoma. Diagnosis of a case by fine needle aspiration cytology. 243 70

An epithelial cell surface antigen is described which is defined by monoclonal antibody HEA125 (IgG1). The antibody was raised against the colon carcinoma cell line HT-29. Under reducing conditions HEA125 immunoprecipitates a surface glycoprotein of Mr 34,000 which was designated Egp34. The antigen does not contain disulfide-linked subunits. A slightly different migration behavior under non-reducing conditions (Mr 39,000) may be due to intrachain disulfide bonds. After enzymatic cleavage of N-linked carbohydrate residues the apparent molecular weight of the antigen was 29,000. Egp34 is a major cell surface component of HT-29 cells (10(6) molecules per cell). No antigen could be detected in the sera of colorectal cancer patients. A panel of malignant cell lines and normal cells was studied for surface expression of the antigen. 17/17 carcinoma lines of 6 different origins expressed the antigen, whereas 16/16 melanoma, neuroblastoma, sarcoma and lymphoma/leukaemia were unreactive as it was the case for normal fibroblasts and blood cells. Immunoperoxidase staining of frozen tissue sections with HEA125 demonstrated the presence of Egp34 in almost all normal epithelia and tumours derived therefrom. No reactivity with non-epithelial tissues was observed. Undifferentiated carcinomas of various origins homogeneously expressed Egp34. Therefore, HEA125 may become a valuable tool for the immunohistochemical diagnosis of carcinoma.
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PMID:Epithelium-specific surface glycoprotein of Mr 34,000 is a widely distributed human carcinoma marker. 244 34

Data from the Papua New Guinea Tumour Registry and the Central Pathology Department were reviewed in order to document the incidence and pattern of malignancies in children in Papua New Guinea. Altogether, 680 cases of histologically defined childhood malignancies were recorded during the 14.5 years from 1971 to 1985. The frequencies of the various tumours were compared with past data and with published data from other countries. The incidence of malignancies in Papua New Guinean children appeared to be low, 36.5/1,000,000/year, with a male:female ratio of 1.6:1. Lymphoma was the most commonly occurring tumour and Burkitt's tumour accounted for 53% in this group. The relative frequency of leukaemia compared with lymphoma appeared to have increased since a previous report. A relatively high incidence of retinoblastoma (6.9%) and of other embryonal tumours (4.8%) was recorded, whilst the recorded incidences of tumours of the central nervous system (3.8%) and neuroblastoma (3.7%) were low. Ewing's sarcoma accounted for almost half of the bone tumours, whilst Kaposi's sarcoma was a relatively frequent soft tissue tumour. Differences and similarities between the Papua New Guinea data and those from other countries are discussed.
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PMID:Childhood malignant tumours in Papua New Guinea. 246 3

Eighty-one children with clinically suspected malignant tumors were subjected to percutaneous fine needle aspiration cytology (FNAC) at the Pathology Department of the National Institute of Child Health, Jinnah Postgraduate Medical Centre, Karachi, from August 1986 through July 1987. There were 47 malignant diagnoses including lymphoma, neuroblastoma, nephroblastoma, Ewing's sarcoma, and leukemia. Histological findings confirmed the FNAC diagnoses in 36 cases in which a subsequent incisional biopsy or surgically removed specimen was available. FNAC results were confirmed in all benign cases. In 10 advanced cases of NonHodgkin's lymphoma, surgery was not possible because of marked malnourishment. One false negative and no false positive result was encountered. Forty-eight were females and thirty-three males. FNAC can be a quick, effective, and inexpensive alternative to open biopsy, particularly in advanced cases of malignancy in undernourished children where anesthesia and immediate surgery are contraindicated.
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PMID:Fine needle aspiration cytology in advanced pediatric tumors. 255 98


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