Gene/Protein Disease Symptom Drug Enzyme Compound
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Query: UMLS:C0027819 (neuroblastoma)
 27,800 document(s) hit in 31,850,051 MEDLINE articles (0.00 seconds)

Neuroblastoma (NB), primitive neuroectodermal tumor (PNET), Ewing's sarcoma and rhabdomyosarcoma (RMS) are solid malignant tumors in childhood. Microscopically these tumors are grouped as small-round-cell tumors, and a different diagnosis is sometimes difficult. Cell surface membrane antigen, cytoskeletal protein and N-myc amplification and over-expression were analyzed in these cell lines and tumor tissues for the accurate diagnosis. NB and PNET could be distinguished from Ewing's sarcoma and RMS by the panel of monoclonal antibodies against cell surface membrane antigens. The cytoskeletal protein analysis is useful for the diagnosis of RMS and leiomyosarcoma. Alpha-smooth muscle actin and/or desmin were demonstrated in the S-type (epithelial-like) cells in 3 NB cell lines, suggesting the differentiation pathway of NB into smooth muscle cells. N-myc amplification and over-expression were observed in NB cell lines as well as one RMS cell line. The occurrence of N-myc amplification and over-expression in the RMS cell line cautions us against using N-myc as a distinguishable marker for NB.
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PMID:[Analysis of surface membrane antigens, cytoskeletal proteins and N-myc oncogene in pediatric solid malignant tumors, their diagnostic usefulness and relevant problems]. 132 30

Between 1982 and 1990, 2388 bronchoscopic examinations were carried out in patients with cancer in our hospital. A diagnosis of endobronchial metastasis was established in 30 patients (2.09%), with the following primary tumors in descending order of frequency: breast, large bowel, melanoma, neuroblastoma, leiomyosarcoma and endometrial. Despite the rarity of endobronchial metastases secondary to colon adenocarcinoma, we were able to study 3 cases from our Center. In one case the diagnosis of endobronchial metastasis was simultaneous with that of the primary tumor, and in the other 2 this metastatic complication occurred 16 and 42 months, after the original diagnosis. When this complication occurred, the stage of the disease was advanced in all 3 cases: 2 were Dukes' stage C and one stage D. Although this metastatic location usually implies a very negative prognosis as regards life expectancy, it did not seem to significantly reduce the latter in our patients.
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PMID:Endobronchial metastases in colorectal adenocarcinoma. 146 85

Using the avidin-biotin complex immunoperoxidase technique and antibodies to myoglobin, desmin, CLA, NSE, GFAP, keratin, fibronectin, alpha 1AT, lysozyme, S-100 protein, vimentin, cytokeratin, actin, the authors studied 60 cases of rhabdomyosarcoma (RMS) histopathologically diagnosed previously. Thirty-six cases showed both myoglobin and desmin positive stain, an objective evidence of the origin from skeletal muscles. The other 24 cases were identified as of non-skeletal muscle origin, including MFH, lymphoma, melanoma, neuroblastoma, malignant neurilemmoma, leiomyosarcoma etc. This study strongly suggests that histologic examination of RMS may lead to incorrect diagnosis. Histologically MFH and other types of spindle cell sarcomas invading normal skeletal muscles may be confused with pleomorphic RMS, lymphoma and neuroblastoma may be confused with embryonic RMS. Our findings indicate that myoglobin is a highly sensitive and specific tumor marker for RMS.
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PMID:[Immunohistochemical differential diagnosis of 60 cases of rhabdomyosarcoma]. 166 97

The sarcomas, particularly those of soft-tissue origin, pose substantial diagnostic challenges for the clinician and pathologist. Several small round cell sarcomas, including Ewing's sarcoma, peripheral primitive neuroectodermal tumor, and alveolar rhabdomyosarcoma, can be difficult to distinguish from one another. These same sarcomas can be difficult to distinguish from other small round cell tumors, including non-Hodgkin's lymphoma and neuroblastoma. Spindle cell sarcomas, including malignant peripheral nerve sheath tumor, synovial sarcoma, and leiomyosarcoma, present similar diagnostic challenges. This review discusses 1) recent advances in immunohistochemistry, electron microscopy, and cytogenetics that enable a specific diagnosis in virtually all sarcoma cases; 2) cell biology and oncogenetic implications of novel morphologic and genetic findings in sarcomas; and 3) clinical implications of the recent characterization of several family cancer syndrome genes.
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PMID:Laboratory investigation, genetics, and experimental models in sarcomas. 193 25

Undifferentiated neoplasms of nose and nasal sinuses are very rare. They are very difficult to diagnose by both light and electron microscopies. Twelve cases of undifferentiated neoplasms of nose and nasal sinuses were collected and the morphological features under light and electron microscopes compared histologically. The results showed that correct diagnoses were only obtained in six cases by light microscopy. The other six cases were diagnosed by electron microscopy as malignant melanomas in two cases, leiomyosarcoma in one case, olfactory neuroblastomas in two cases and malignant fibrous histiocytoma in one case. It showed that a correct diagnosis for undifferentiated neoplasm of nose and nasal sinuses was impossible to obtain by light microscopy only. Poorly differentiated olfactory neuroblastoma was also difficult to diagnose under electron microscope because the neurosecretory cytoplasmic granules were not easy to find and several hours would be required to search for them under electron microscope.
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PMID:[Significance of electron microscopy in the diagnosis of undifferentiated neoplasms of the nose and nasal sinuses]. 203 30

Chromosome abnormalities found in pediatric solid tumors include deletions, translocations, homogeneously staining regions (hsr)/double minutes (dms), and ploidy abnormalities. The discovery of a 13q14 deletion found in lymphocytes of patients with retinoblastoma and developmental delay has led to the cloning of the retinoblastoma gene. Likewise the discovery of an 11p13 deletion in lymphocytes of patients with Wilms' tumor and aniridia has led to the cloning of the Wilms' tumor gene. Chromosome deletions found in tumor cells are considered to play a role on the homologous deletion of cancer suppressor genes. Recently, various translocations have been found mostly in soft tissue sarcomas; i.e. t(11;22) in Ewing's sarcoma, t(2;13) in alveolar rhabdomyosarcoma, t(3;8) in pleomorphic adenoma, t(3;12) in lipoma, t(12;16) in liposarcoma, t(12;14) in leiomyosarcoma, and t(X;18) in synovial sarcoma. These translocations provide important information on the difficult diagnosis of soft tissue sarcomas, and on the selection of chemotherapy protocol. Tumor cells in advanced stage neuroblastomas often show hsr/dms, in which N-myc amplification occurs. While near triploidy was regularly found in early-stage neuroblastomas, near-diploidy or near-tetraploidy was usually found in advanced stage tumors. Among various prognostic factors, N-myc copy numbers and tumor cell ploidies had the largest influence on the prognosis of neuroblastoma patients. Cytogenetic and molecular genetic analyses on tumor cells are becoming increasingly important for the diagnosis of pediatric solid tumors, and the prediction of the patients' prognosis.
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PMID:[Cytogenetics in pediatric solid tumors]. 217 98

A retrospective survey of all electron microscopic (EM) examinations of surgical pathology specimens obtained at the Istituto Nazionale Tumori of Milan over a 5-year period (1981-1985) was carried out. During this time a total of 259 cases were examined: for 97 (38%) electron microscopy provided a substantial diagnostic contribution, whereas in 151 (58%) it confirmed the previous light microscopic diagnosis. In our experience, EM was most useful for diagnosing selected cases of cutaneous malignant melanoma predominantly metastatic, rhabdomyosarcoma, neuroblastoma and poorly differentiated neuroepithelial tumors and less helpful in the further analysis of cases of malignant mesothelioma, Ewing's sarcoma, leiomyosarcoma and fibrohistiocytic malignancies. In cases of well-differentiated neuroepithelial tumors, such as carcinoids, EM data was essentially confirmatory of (immuno)-histochemical findings.
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PMID:Electron microscopy in an oncologic institution. Diagnostic usefulness in surgical pathology. 321 87

A 14-year-old boy was presented with a mass in the epigastrium. The tumor developed 13 years after removal of a neuroblastoma of the left adrenal gland. Therapy of the primary tumor had included irradiation and chemotherapy. Diagnosis of the gastric tumor was made by ultrasound and endoscopy. A total gastrectomy was performed showing a malignant undifferentiated sarcoma. Primary malignant tumors of the stomach such as gastric teratoma of the newborn [4], leiomyosarcoma [6], malignant lymphoma and carcinoma [1] are very rare in childhood. As cancer is treated more aggressively with radiation and cytostatics, more therapy-induced-tumors, including gastric sarcoma, must be expected in children.
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PMID:Malignant gastric sarcoma--diagnosis by ultrasound and endoscopy. 394 5

Antibodies to the differentation antigen Thy-1 were linked via a dextran-hydrazide bridge to adriamycin. These monoclonal antibodies, which were previously prepared against first-trimester human fetal cells, reacted with several human brain tissue tumors such as neuroblastoma, glioma, and leiomyosarcoma through a common differentiation antigen, Thy-1. The conjugates were tested in vitro for their cytotoxic effects on a neuroblastoma cell line LA-N-I. The conjugate maintained its full drug and antibody activities. Moreover, the specific conjugate exhibited a higher efficacy in inhibition of RNA synthesis and was more cytotoxic than the nonspecific Ig-drug conjugate. Fluorescent microscopy showed that the specific conjugate was able to penetrate the cell membrane. Both the specific antibody and the drug were also observed to accumulate in the cell nucleus. Flow microfluorometric analysis of cellular DNA traverse showed that the specific antibody-drug conjugate caused a higher accumulation of neuroblastoma cells in stage G2 of the cell cycle than did the free drug, perhaps indicating a more efficient prevention of the progression of cells through mitosis.
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PMID:A conjugate of adriamycin and monoclonal antibodies to Thy-1 antigen inhibits human neuroblastoma cells in vitro. 614 73

The 14 tumors reported in Rubinstein-Taybi syndrome since 1989, when added to the 22 previously reported, are beginning to show a pattern of neural and developmental tumors, especially of the head, which is malformed in the syndrome. Among the neoplasms were 12 of the nervous system: 2 each of oligodendroglioma, medulloblastoma, neuroblastoma, and benign meningioma, a pheochromocytoma, and 3 other benign tumors; 2 of nasopharyngeal rhabdomyosarcoma; and 1 each of leiomyosarcoma, seminoma, and embryonal carcinoma. Among the other benign tumors were an odontoma, a choristoma, a dermoid cyst, and 2 pilomatrixomas.
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PMID:Tumors in Rubinstein-Taybi syndrome. 955 2


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