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Query: UMLS:C0027819 (neuroblastoma)
 27,800 document(s) hit in 31,850,051 MEDLINE articles (0.00 seconds)

It is well known that there are many independent and inter-related clinical and pathologic factors which influence the prognosis of patients with benign and malignant conditions. Lymphocyte level is an index of cell-mediated immunity which is important in host defense against cancer. But it is surprising that a simple test such as peripheral lymphocyte count could be correlated with clinical stages and survival results in patients with Hodgkin's disease, non-Hodgkin's lymphoma and non-lymphomatous solid tumors. Regarding the latter, lymphocyte count had prognostic values in patients with cancer of the bone, Ewing's sarcoma; breast; colon; kidney, neuroblastoma; uterine cervix, and other sites. In general, higher lymphocyte counts before therapy correlated with longer survival. Using newer immunologic techniques, T and B lymphocytes can be identified and the different subtypes of leukemia, immunodeficiency and lymphoproliferative diseases have been studied intensively. Chronic lymphocytic leukemia represents a proliferation of B cells, while the Sezary syndrome represents that of T lymphocytes. There is a qualitative and quantitative disturbance of Blymphocytes in patients with multiple myeloma. In Hodgkin's disease, there is hyperactivity of the B cells and functional defect of the T cells. Finally, the nodular non-Hodgkin's lymphoma resulted from neoplastic transformation of the B lymphocytes. In several nonmalignant autoimmune conditions, abnormality of T-cell or B-cell counts has been reported. For example, T cells were reported to be decreased in patients with ulcerative or granulomatous colitis and in patients with rheumatoid arthritis, However, it needs to be pointed out that, in 1973, Farid and associates (44) reported a significant increase in T and a proportionate reduction of B rosette in 17 patients with untreated Grave's disease and 16 with Hashimoto's thyroiditis as compared with 24 normal and eight goiter controls. In 1975, six publications later, they (143) had to announce a retraction because further studies by them and by other investigators could not repeat the earlier results. Despite variations and lack of standardization of the test systems, some consistent deviations of T-lymphocyte and B-lymphocyte counts have been reported. T lymphocytes were quantitatively decreased in patients with carcinoma of the brain, breast, head and neck, liver, lung and urologic organs and with malignant melanoma. In general, there is a marked decrease of T cells with increasing stage of disease and a return of T cells to normal level after successful therapy. Cellular immunity is depressed, often lasting for years after localized radiation therapy, whether or not the thymus is included in the treatment field...
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PMID:Peripheral lymphocyte count and suppopulations of T and B lymphocytes in benign and malignant diseases. 30 Jan 79

Differential diagnosis of sonographically detected fetal neck tumours is difficult. The sonographic criteria for encephalomyelocele, lymphangioma/hygroma, teratoma, sarcoma, haemangioma, neuroblastoma and goitre are given on the basis of the authors' own observations and information from the literature. Elevation of alpha-fetoprotein in the amniotic fluid is a frequent but non-specific finding. Chromosome analysis after amniocentesis can be a useful supplementary procedure for assessing the prognosis and deciding upon the delivery procedure. Sonographic detection of a tumour in the fetal neck region enables preparations to be made for dystocia and postnatal dyspnoea of the newborn. The obstetrician must cooperate closely with paediatricians, neurologists, surgeons and ENT specialists.
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PMID:Differential diagnosis of sonographically detected tumours in the fetal cervical region. 389 70

Cervical teratomas have been defined and one new case is now added to the 116 cases previously reported. We have been able to find only six reports of malignant teratoma in the literature so far. The problem of diagnosis and obstetric management are discussed briefly. The incidence of appearance of the tumor is described and the likelihood of hydramnios or of acute obstructive symptoms of the trachea and esophagus at birth are discussed. The differential diagnosis includes cystic hygroma, congenital goitre, bronchial cyst, lymphangioma, neuroblastoma, parotid tumor and carcinoma of the thyroid. The object of this review is to present a synoptic description of these tumors, their clinical manifestations, management, treatment and prognosis, so that it may afford the attending obstetrician a guideline in understanding this rare entity.
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PMID:Malignant cervical teratoma of the fetus. 704 36

A retrospective review of 16 patients operated upon for primary mediastinal tumours was carried out. Anterior mediastinal tumours seen included retrosternal goitre (2), benign cystic teratoma (1), benign thymoma (1), malignant thymoma, spindle cell type (1) and Hodgkin's lymphoma, nodular sclerosing type (1). Mid-mediastinal tumours included bronchial cyst (1), mediastinal granuloma (1), and pulmonary arterio-venous fistula (1). Neurilemmoma (2), neuroblastoma (1), ganglioneuroma (1), Askin tumour (1), neurofibroma (1) and benign histiocytoma (1) constituted the tumours of the posterior mediastinum. The tumours were successfully resected with minimal operative morbidity and no mortality.
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PMID:Primary mediastinal tumours in the southern region of Saudi Arabia. 901 77

Impact of surgery on the result of mediastinal tumors is variable: In benign tumors such as teratoma, congenital cyst, intrathoracic struma and neurogenic tumor, a complete resection causes a good result. Simultaneous thoracotomy and laminectomy should be performed in the Dumbbell type of neurogenic tumor. Since complete resection of the invasive thymoma promises a good prognosis, excision of all the tumor and invading tissues followed by radiation therapy is recommended in the treatment of thymoma. In pure seminoma resection and radiation therapy is the treatment of choice, while in non-seminomatous germ cell tumor, aggressive chemo- and radiation therapy should be performed, until tumor markers such as AFP and HCG become negative. The operation is to be followed afterwards. A mass screening test for neuroblastoma in infant facilitates an early detection of this disease and promises a good result by chemotherapy, radiation therapy, and surgery. There is still a possibility that the result of treatment of the malignant mediastinal tumors would be improved by exact diagnosis and intensive treatment.
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PMID:[Current status of surgery for mediastinal tumors]. 930 51

Neck masses are frequently encountered in pediatric medicine, and can present a diagnostic dilemma for the clinicians involved. There are several means by which neck masses in children can be subdivided, for example by age at presentation, anatomical location including compartments and fascia of the neck, their classical appearance when imaged, or by etiology. When imaging children the clinicians must be mindful of radiation exposure and as such ultrasound (US) is often attempted first. Cross sectional imaging can be helpful for problem solving with CT being particularly useful for assessing the patient in more acute scenarios, for example when there is airway compromise. Nuclear medicine scintigraphy has a role in specific circumstances and can aid in staging in the presence of malignancy. If required, additional acquisition by means of magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) and computed tomography (CT) can be considered. This pictorial review describe the diagnostic imaging of (I) congenital and Developmental Pathologies, including thyroglossal duct cyst, branchial cleft cyst, cystic hygroma, dermoid cyst, thymic cyst and ectopic thymus; (II) neoplastic lesions, including hemangiomas and vascular malformations, pilomatrixoma, neurofibroma, neuroblastoma, rhabdomyosarcoma, papillary thyroid cancer, lymphoma & leukemia; (III) neck masses of Infective causes, including lymphadenitis, retropharyngeal and peritonsilar abscess, salivary gland inflammation; and (IV) other miscellaneous lesions, including ranula, sternocleidomastoid fibromatosis coli, and goiter. Neck masses are common in the pediatric population with a broad and varied differential; malignant etiologies are less frequently encountered when compared with adults but an awareness of its potential is important when reviewing imaging.
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PMID:Diagnostic imaging of benign and malignant neck masses in children-a pictorial review. 2794 80