Gene/Protein Disease Symptom Drug Enzyme Compound
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Query: UMLS:C0027819 (neuroblastoma)
 27,800 document(s) hit in 31,850,051 MEDLINE articles (0.00 seconds)

The clinical and pathologic features of 43 dogs with neoplasia of the rostral cerebrum were reviewed. Primary brain tumors included meningioma, astrocytoma, neuroblastoma, oligodendroglioma, and ependymoma. Other tumors that secondarily affected these areas included solitary hemangiosarcoma, nasal neuroendocrine carcinoma, nasal cell adenocarcinoma, nasal squamous cell carcinoma, and nasal neurofibrosarcoma. Older dogs were usually affected (mean, 10 years), and meningioma was the most frequent tumor type. Thirty-one dogs (72% of total) had a late-onset (greater than 5 years of age) of either generalized seizures or behavior abnormalities, or both, with an initially normal neurologic examination. In these 31 dogs, a mean time of 78 days (range, 2 to 400 days) elapsed from the onset of seizures or behavior change to the detection of a persistently abnormal neurologic examination. In all 43 dogs, the time from the detection of neurologic deficits to death or euthanasia and necropsy ranged from 1 to 63 days (mean, 13 days). On the basis of this review, it appears that dogs with late-onset seizures or behavior change, or both, should be suspected of having tumors involving the rostral cerebrum, despite the absence of persistent neurologic deficits commonly associated with cerebral tumors. Further, the onset of abnormalities in the neurologic examination and the time of death seem to occur within predictable time periods.
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PMID:Clinical signs of tumors affecting the rostral cerebrum in 43 dogs. 322 60

Ten cases of cystic tumor with mural nodules in the cerebral hemispheres are reported. The tumors include five benign astrocytomas, two meningiomas, one ependymoma, one neuroblastoma, and one hemangioblastoma. In all cases, computed tomography showed enhancing mural tumors without enhancement of the cyst wall. Complete removal of the mural tumor without excision of the cyst is the goal of operation. The prognosis for patients with cystic tumors with mural nodules is excellent, clearly better than that of solid tumors.
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PMID:Cysts with mural tumor nodules in the cerebral hemispheres. 337 81

A case of third ventricular primary cerebral neuroblastoma with secondary hydrocephalus is reported. Light microscopy showed a cell pattern that resembled either ependymoma or oligodendroglioma. The tumor was confirmed to be neuroblastoma by electron microscopy and immunohistochemistry. Immunoperoxidase staining was positive for neuron-specific enolase and negative for glial fibrillary acidic protein.
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PMID:Third ventricular primary cerebral neuroblastoma. Electron-microscopic and immunohistochemical study. 341 72

Critical Evaluation of 200 tumours of meninges, brain and spinal cord showed that to be familiar with the ultrastructural features of meningioma and its variants was instrumental in differential diagnosis of other primary or secondary meningeal tumours (neurinoma, paraganglioma, xanthomatous and histiocytic tumours). A limited value of electron microscopy was found in astrocytoma and glioblastoma in contrast to its importance in low-differentiated ependymoma and oligodendroglioma. The examination had histogenetical and taxonomic values in medulloblastoma (CNS neuroblastoma and mixed tumours with a component featuring primitive neuroectodermal or neuroblastic differentiation). Ultrastructure was very important in the so-called primitive neuroectodermal CNS tumours where only the lack of conspicuous glial or neuroblastic differentiation confirmed the diagnosis. Electron microscopy was instrumental in rare primary CNS lymphomas as well as in some metastatic tumours.
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PMID:[Contribution of electron microscopy in the differential diagnosis of tumors of the meninges, brain and spinal cord]. 373 Dec 97

The immunohistochemical localization of the calcium-binding protein, S100 beta, in human nervous system tumors has been examined by using a monoclonal antibody with specificity for the S100 beta polypeptide. S100 beta-specific immunoreactivity is detected in astrocytoma, glioblastoma, Schwannoma, ependymoma, and craniopharyngioma, whereas no reactivity is seen in oligodendroglioma, meningioma, neuroblastoma, or medulloblastoma. These data suggest that analysis of S100 beta localization with these monoclonal antibodies may be useful for research or diagnostic purposes.
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PMID:Immunohistochemical localization of S100 beta in human nervous system tumors by using monoclonal antibodies with specificity for the S100 beta polypeptide. 373 19

The cytopathologic features of choroid plexus carcinoma in the cerebrospinal fluid of a 13-month-old male infant were reviewed and compared with those of other small-cell malignant neoplasms of childhood and young adulthood involving the central nervous system. The cytologic features of the choroid plexus carcinoma (tight spatial clusters and isolated anaplastic cells with striking nuclear lobulation) were distinct from those of lymphoma, leukemia, neuroblastoma, ependymoma and pineal germinoma. However, the cells had a striking resemblance to those of anaplastic ependymoma and metastatic adenocarcinoma.
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PMID:Choroid plexus carcinoma. Report of a case with cytopathologic differential diagnosis. 386 32

DNA prepared from cell lines and transplanted tumors originating from five representative types of BKV-induced hamster tumors was examined for the presence of the BKV genome by analyzing DNA/DNA reassociation kinetics. BKV DNA sequences were detected in all cases. There were only a few (1--4) copies of BKV DNA per cell in one osteosarcoma and two ventricular tumors (one choroid plexus papilloma and one ependymoma), but there were multiple (up to 150) copies in one osteosarcoma, one ventricular tumor (choroid plexus papilloma), two insulinomas, one pineocytoma, and one cerebral neuroblastoma. In some cases the number of copies of the viral DNA differed among sister cell clones derived from the same primary tumor. Apparently some tumors contained nonintegrated free viral DNA besides the integrated BKV genome.
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PMID:Presence of viral DNA sequences in hamster tumors induced by BK virus, a human papovavirus. 626 Oct 96

The distribution of the glial fibrillary acidic protein (GFAP) was investigated in sections of 131 paraffin-embedded brain neoplasms obtained at surgery or at autopsy. The unlabeled antibody immunoperoxidase (peroxidase-antiperoxidase, PAP) method was used. Equally good results were obtained from 17-year-old material and from recent material derived at surgery or autopsy and fixed with Bouin fluid or phosphate-buffered formalin. The perikaryons and processes of reactive astrocytes showed the most intense stain for GFAP. Positive reaction to antibody against GFAP of varying intensity was demonstrated in astrocytomas of various grades of malignancy (32 of 32), glioblastoma multiforme (10 of 10), subependymal giant cell astrocytoma (1 of 1), ependymoma (2 of 10), subependymoma (4 of 4), and astrocytes in mixed neoplasms (8 of 8). In two neoplasms diagnosed as malignant astrocytomas and in four neoplasms diagnosed as glioblastoma multiforme, GFAP stain was limited to a few neoplastic cells. Usually the stain was more intense over processes than in perikaryons, with the exception of gemistocytic astrocytomas and the giant cells in glioblastoma multiforme, which showed an equally intense stain over perikaryons and processes. The periphery of Rosenthal fibers was intensely positive for GFAP. In astrocytic neoplasms the number of GFAP-positive cells and the intensity of the stain were inversely proportional to the degree of malignancy. In the following neoplasms the reaction for GFAP was negative: oligodendroglioma (3), oligodendroblastoma (1), medulloblastoma (3), medulloepithelioma (1), neuroblastoma (1), pineocytoma (1), typical teratoma of the pineal (1), fibrosarcoma (1), pituitary adenoma (2), craniopharyngioma (1), chordoma (1), chemodectoma of globus jugulare (1), metastatic carcinoma (17), and lymphoma (8). In one of 18 meningiomas, endogenous peroxidase activity was seen in mast cells. All meningiomas studied were negative for GFAP. In one of six neurinomas a positive reaction for GFAP was detected over processes. The authors concluded that the immunostain for GFAP is useful in the diagnoses of astrocytic neoplasms and of mixed gliomas.
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PMID:Immunocytochemical study of the glial fibrillary acidic protein in human neoplasms of the central nervous system. 628 Nov 68

The effects of mitogenic lectins Phytohemagglutinin (PHA), and Concanavalin A (Con A) on the growth rate of cells derived from glial tumors (astrocytoma, ependymoma, glioblastoma, medulloblastoma, and C6 rat glioma), neural crest tumors (neuroblastoma and schwannoma), and meningiomas were studied. The cell lines were of human and animal origin. The specificity of lectin binding to mitogenic receptors was evaluated using complementary monosaccharides. In all glial- and some neural-crest tumor-derived cell lines, there was a lectin concentration-dependent and cell density-dependent, biphasic growth rate response with stimulation at low and inhibition at high lectin concentrations. This response did not depend on the type of glial tumor, species of origin, or passage level in vitro. Although, in meningioma-derived cell lines, lectins did not induce a growth rate response, they caused morphological changes ("whorling"). Lectin stimulation in glial tumor-derived cell lines resembles that occurring in peripheral blood lymphocytes. Lectin-induced mitogenesis may lay the groundwork for the establishment of a model of glial cell proliferation, and that permits the evaluation of cell surface effects, intracellular mechanisms, and epigenetic factors in studies of tumors, neural development, and neuroimmunology.
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PMID:Mitogenic lectin receptors of nervous system tumors. Study of gliomas, neural crest tumors, and meningiomas in vitro using phytohemagglutinin and concanavalin A. 628 95

Lesions from the SC region of children examined histologically at the RAHC were: 1. Malformations almost always associated with spina bifida aperta or occulta: 183 myelomeningocele (MM), 32 meningocele (M), 35 lipoMM and lipoma, 19 dermoid cyst, six occult meningocele, two Pacinian hamartoma, one short filum, four hindgut cysts or sinuses, two tailgut cysts, and two epithelial heterotopia. 2. Neoplasms, usually without spina bifida: 56 teratomas (11 malignant), five ependymomas (two purely subcutaneous), and 14 miscellaneous primary malignancies, (most neuroblastoma and rhabdomyosarcoma). Distinction between MM with glial tissue and M without glial tissue is important as M had a much better prognosis, less than a third developing hydrocephalus, and 77% walking unaided. Of those with glial tissue, the eight without Arnold-Chiari malformation were myelocystocele associated with cloacal exstrophy (six), caudal regression syndrome (one), and microcephaly (one). Postsacral glial tissue without paraplegia may occur with a subcutaneous vestige of filum terminale, or with herniation of the nonfunctioning half of a diplomyelia. Of postsacral "lipomas" and dermoids, 70% had an intraspinal connection through an occult spina bifida. This posterior vertebral defect is easily overlooked as the arches normally may not ossify until after 6 years. Therefore, the pathologist receiving a postsacral specimen may wish to alert the clinician to the high incidence of late effects from an occult intraspinal component or tethering of the spinal cord. Transsacral hindgut herniations and cysts probably result from ectoendodermal adhesions. Presacral multicystic malformations with mixed squamous and mucus cell lining are probably tailgut remnants or anorectal duplications, and may be mistaken for dermoid or teratoma. In SC teratoma in infants, contrary to some reports on ovarian teratoma in adults, immature tissues do not indicate a worse prognosis. Malignancy is virtually confined to teratomas including a carcinomatous or "yolk sac" component. It is more common in predominantly presacral examples and rare before the age of 4 months. SC ependymoma differs from ependymoma elsewhere in that it may be primary outside the craniospinal cavity (presacral or postsacral), may have a myxopapillary pattern special to the region, and although low-grade and slow growing, is more likely to metastasize beyond the central nervous system. Postsacral examples arise from vestiges of the filum terminale which are normal in the subcutis there. Combinations of all these lesions occur with vertebral defects and with each other.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 400 WORDS)
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PMID:Sacrococcygeal developmental abnormalities and tumors in children. 636 33


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