Gene/Protein Disease Symptom Drug Enzyme Compound
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Query: UMLS:C0027819 (neuroblastoma)
 27,800 document(s) hit in 31,850,051 MEDLINE articles (0.00 seconds)

The fine needle aspiration (FNA) cytologic findings in 18 cases of metastatic neoplasms of the breast are reported. The cases were encountered in a combined series of 2,529 FNA breast biopsies, of which 666 were malignant; the metastatic neoplasms of the breast thus constituted 2.7% of all the malignant breast tumors. The series consists of 15 women and 3 men, with a mean age of 48 years (range of 11 to 73 years). Sixteen biopsies confirmed metastatic malignancy in patients with known extramammary primaries; the prebiopsy clinical diagnoses in six of the patients were benign breast lesions. In eight patients, the clinical differential diagnosis was either a benign or malignant primary breast lesion versus a metastatic malignancy. In two additional patients, the FNA biopsy identified metastatic neoplasms from unsuspected extramammary primaries. The metastatic neoplasms included three small-cell carcinomas of the lung, one squamous-cell carcinoma of the lung, two malignant melanomas, three ovarian malignancies, including a dysgerminoma, and one each of carcinoma of the fallopian tube, endometrial carcinoma, transitional-cell carcinoma of the urinary bladder, prostatic carcinoma, acute granulocytic leukemia, lymphoma, mycosis fungoides, hepatoma and neuroblastoma of the retroperitoneum. Recognition of unusual cytologic patterns raised the suspicion of, or confirmed the diagnosis of, malignancy in all cases, with no false-negative diagnoses. None of the cases were cytologically interpreted as a primary breast malignancy. Ancillary studies performed on the FNA material, including immunocytochemistry, contributed to a definitive diagnosis in three cases. FNA diagnosis of metastatic malignancy of the breast is essential in order to avoid unnecessary mastectomy and to ensure appropriate chemotherapy and/or irradiation treatment.
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PMID:Fine needle aspiration cytology of neoplasms metastatic to the breast. 347 62

We reviewed the Tumor Registry for 1981 at the Children's Hospital of Philadelphia to identify all the children with newly diagnosed cancer who were seen initially in the emergency department (ED). Of the 220 new patients listed, 16 (7.3%) sought initial care in the ED (1 per 4,500 ED visits). Seven had leukemia, five had non-CNS solid tumors (2 lymphoreticular, 1 Wilms', 1 neuroblastoma, and 1 ovarian), and four had CNS tumors. Among the children with leukemia, pallor (6) and decreased activity (4) were the most common complaints. Duration of symptoms ranged from 4 days to 3 weeks. Physical examination showed pallor (5), splenomegaly (4), fever (3), hepatomegaly (3), lymphadenopathy (3), and ecchymoses or petechiae (2). The complete blood count and peripheral smears were all abnormal. The five patients with non-CNS solid tumors had symptoms related to the location of their neoplasms. The patients with Wilms' tumor, neuroblastoma, and ovarian dysgerminoma had abdominal masses; the patient with lymphoma had a large, painful inguinal node; and the patient with histiocytosis X had an infiltrative rash, gingivitis, and pneumonitis. Of the four children with CNS tumors, three had headache, and one had an incidentally detected scotoma following head trauma. All four eventually had abnormal neurologic exams and computer tomographic scans, but two were discharged initially with psychiatric diagnoses. We conclude that cancer, although rare in children, occurs with greater relative frequency in the referral hospital ED than that predicted by published cancer rates from the referring hospital's ED.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)
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PMID:Detection of cancer in the pediatric emergency department. 384 22

Eighteen hundred and eighty-four cases of human solid tumours and 833 samples of normal human tissues, formalin-fixed and paraffin-embedded, were examined immunohistochemically for expression of c-kit oncogene product using polyclonal antibody against synthesized c-kit peptide. Seminoma/dysgerminoma and small cell lung carcinoma (SCLC) show preferential c-kit expression at 92% and 36% frequency, respectively, whereas only sporadic cases of cervical carcinoma and non-SCLC lung carcinoma show c-kit positivity. A normal tissue counterpart positive for c-kit product is detected in the testis (spermatocyte) and ovary (oocyte) but not in the lung or the cervix. In contrast, normal epithelial cells of the breast, skin basal cells and tissue mast cells harbour c-kit product, but transformed cells of the former two are largely deficient in the c-kit protein. One hundred and thirty-nine neuroendocrine tumours and 39 non-pulmonary small cell carcinomas were all negative, except for two cases of neuroblastoma. This indicates a distinct character for SCLC in c-kit expression. The c-kit product may be a useful marker in diagnostic pathology of seminoma/dysgerminoma and SCLC among human solid tumours, and in distinction of SCLC from non-pulmonary small cell carcinoma.
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PMID:Preferential localization of c-kit product in tissue mast cells, basal cells of skin, epithelial cells of breast, small cell lung carcinoma and seminoma/dysgerminoma in human: immunohistochemical study on formalin-fixed, paraffin-embedded tissues. 751 77

The relative frequency of ovarian tumors and tumor-like lesions that occur in young females (defined in this article as up to 30 years of age) differs considerably from that seen in older patients. The spectrum of lesions encountered is reviewed, with emphasis on those disproportionately seen in younger patients, particularly primitive germ cell tumors, certain tumors in the sex cord-stromal family, the distinctive tumor known as small cell carcinoma of hypercalcemic type, and selected tumor-like lesions. Comments are made initially on the relative frequency of the various well-known categories of ovarian neoplasia in the first three decades, compared to females overall, and differences within the first three decades are noted. Some of the more noteworthy of these include the occurrence of follicular cysts in neonates due to in-utero maternal stimulation, and the often large size of these lesions, with sometimes dramatic clinical manifestations; the relative rarity of the commonest germ cell tumor of the ovary, the dermoid cyst, in the very early years of life; the peak incidence of all primitive germ cell tumors in the mid to late teens and early 20s; the peak of small cell carcinoma of hypercalcemic type in the early 20s; the preponderance for the juvenile granulosa cell tumor to occur in the first two decades and for one distinctive form of Sertoli-Leydig cell tumor, the retiform variant, to peak at about 15 years of age; the occasional finding of mucinous cystic tumors, usually benign, in the teenage years, and their greater frequency than other surface epithelial neoplasms; a gradual increase in frequency of all types of surface epithelial neoplasia, but particularly mucinous tumors and serous tumors as patients move through the 20s; and the rarity of metastatic neoplasia in the first three decades in general, but with occasional dramatic examples such as some Krukenberg tumors being seen in these years, as may some of the distinctive tumors of the young such as neuroblastoma. Consideration of the gross and microscopic features, and differential diagnosis, of individual neoplasms follows the introductory remarks and emphasizes the importance of gross pathology. An example of the latter is the marked difference in most cases between a dermoid cyst and an immature teratoma, the former being dominantly cystic and the latter dominantly solid, and the latter on average twice as large as the former. Caution should be exercised in entertaining a diagnosis of immature teratoma if a lesion is grossly a typical dermoid cyst. The treacherous shared gross characteristics and age distribution of the dysgerminoma and small cell carcinoma of hypercalcemic type are noted. The rarity of monodermal teratomas and malignant neoplasms such as squamous cell carcinoma arising in dermoid cysts in the first three decades is noted. The distinctive features of two recently described stromal neoplasms, microcystic stromal tumor and luteinized thecomas of the type associated with sclerosing peritonitis, are emphasized as is the varied differential diagnosis of the juvenile granulosa cell tumor and Sertoli-Leydig cell tumor. Sections on ovarian tumors and tumor-like lesions in pregnant patients and tumor-like lesions overall conclude the article.
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PMID:Ovarian tumors and tumor-like lesions in the first three decades. 2544 Jul 19