Gene/Protein Disease Symptom Drug Enzyme Compound
Pivot Concepts:   Target Concepts:
Query: UMLS:C0027819 (neuroblastoma)
 27,800 document(s) hit in 31,850,051 MEDLINE articles (0.00 seconds)

Adriamycin is a new anticancer antibiotic with a wide spectrum of activity against solid tumours. The results obtained with this agent in 159 patients with histologically confirmed advanced metastastic malignancies are reported. Encouraging results were obtained in patients with sarcomas of bone and soft tissue (12/22). Response was also seen in mesothelioma (3/9) and lung cancer (5/15). A variety of other neoplasms was also treated and results obtained in neuroblastoma, testicular tumours, stomach carcinoma, breast cancer and nephroblastoma are reported. Treatment is discussed, with reference to response rates and toxicity. Results in 72 patients with advanced breast cancer, who received adriamycin in combination with other chemotherapeutic agents, are presented. Seventeen patients with primary liver cancer were also treated with adriamycin. To date, this is the only chemotherapeutic agent that appears to significantly improve survival times in patients with this resistant form of cancer. The prophylactic use of adriamycin against osteogenic sarcoma is also discussed.
 ...
PMID:Adriamycin in the treatment of cancer. 125 Dec 78

A specific CGRP-binding protein of M(r) 60,000 has been identified in the human neuroblastoma cell line SK-N-MC. After N-deglycosylation a M(r) of 48,000 was found. The M(r) were indistinguishable from those determined in the human cerebellum. Receptor binding of CGRP is coupled to cyclic AMP formation. The latter is antagonized by hCGRP-I8-37. CT and DAPamide interact only minimally with the CGRP receptor, whereas CGRP and DAPamide are full agonists in T47D cells. The CT receptor on human breast cancer cell line T47D is clearly different from the human CGRP receptor.
 ...
PMID:Comparison of a calcitonin gene-related peptide receptor in a human neuroblastoma cell line (SK-N-MC) and a calcitonin receptor in a human breast carcinoma cell line (T47D). 132 87

Carminomycin is an original antitumor antibiotic from the anthracycline group isolated at the Institute of New Antibiotics (USSR) in 1973. Pharmacological investigation of carminomycin revealed its satisfactory absorption from the gastrointestinal tract which proved to be a distinguishing property of the antibiotic as compared to other anthracyclines such as adriamycin and rubomycin. The clinical trials of carminomycin showed that it was mainly active against soft tissue sarcoma and breast cancer, lymphosarcoma, neuroblastoma, Wilms' tumor and Ewing's sarcoma in children, as well as acute leukemia. Various regimens for the antibiotic administration were applied: short-term, single and long-term. Suppression of hemopoiesis was considered as a limiting toxic effect. By the data available carminomycin had lower cardiotoxicity as compared with rubomycin and adriamycin. Development of oral carminomycin is believed promising.
 ...
PMID:[Experience with using carminomycin in oncological clinical practice]. 132 45

Dose-intensive chemotherapy for recurrent or refractory germ cell cancer has evolved over the last decade. Initial experience using high-dose regimens including single agents like cyclophosphamide, thiotepa, and etoposide demonstrated that responses could be obtained in the majority of patients but that they tended to be of short duration. Second-generation studies focusing on this disease site incorporated drugs and principles specific to germ cell cancer. Large studies performed at Indiana University (Indianapolis, IN) and in several European centers have demonstrated that the addition of high-dose carboplatin or cisplatin to other regimens can result in long-term survival of otherwise incurable patients. With the results of initial pilot studies now confirmed, high-dose carboplatin-based chemotherapy is beginning to play a role in first salvage therapy, and in some centers is being used in protocols of initial therapy for poor-risk patients. Based on the success of some of the early studies in germ cell cancer, similar protocols also are being investigated for other disease sites such as ovarian cancer, neuroblastoma, lymphoma, and breast cancer.
 ...
PMID:Dose-intensive therapy for germ cell neoplasms. 132 18

Nuclear Medicine offers screening methods for oncology such as bone and bone marrow scintigraphy. During the last two decades, special procedures have gained widespread application. This paper is centered around the "tumor-specific" radiopharmaceuticals. In patients with thyroid cancer, I-131 still plays a significant role. Ga-67 still has its indications in lymphoma, while in other diseases Tl-201 chloride is now the agent of choice. Especially in thyroid cancer, Tl-201 has proved to be a reliable tumor imaging radiopharmaceutical. More recently, Tc-99m MIBI was introduced for tumor imaging. Tc-99m HMPAO may also be used for tumor scintigraphy, especially in brain lesions. In addition, I-123 IMP has successfully been used for imaging malignant melanoma. Another promising field of tumor diagnosis is receptor imaging. In neuroblastoma and malignant pheochromocytoma, I-131/123 mIBG is the radiopharmaceutical of choice and may be considered as a receptor imaging agent also. First clinical results with In-111 octreotide show potentials as somatostatin-receptor radiopharmaceutical in insulinoma, islet cell carcinoma, medullary and lung cancer, while I-123 estradiol needs some improvement until it may be recommended as diagnostic tool in breast cancer. Since 1978, radiolabeled poly- or monoclonal tumor antibodies and their fragments have gained widespread application. Especially the Tc-99m 225.28S melanoma antibody, I-131 or Tc-99m CEA and In-111/I-131 labeled OC-125 antibodies have proven to be of clinical significance in melanoma, colorectal and ovarian cancer.
 ...
PMID:The role of nuclear medicine in oncology. 138 87

In the last decade, several features have improved our knowledge of CNS paraneoplastic syndromes. Patients with paraneoplastic cerebellar degeneration (PCD) and breast or ovarian cancer, but not with other tumors, harbor an antibody against Purkinje cells (called anti-Yo). Clinical features of anti-Yo positive and negative PCD are similar but the latter may have a less progressive clinical course with occasional remissions. In addition to the association of opsoclonus with neuroblastoma, this syndrome has been identified in patients with breast or small-cell lung cancer (SCLC). Patients with opsoclonus and breast cancer have an antineuronal antibody (called anti-Ri) not present if opsoclonus is associated with SCLC or neuroblastoma. Paraneoplastic encephalomyelitis (PEM) is almost always associated with SCLC. Most patients present with sensory neuronopathy, limbic or brainstem encephalitis but involvement of multiple levels is usual. An antibody (called anti-Hu) against neuronal nuclear antigens is present in patients with PEM and SCLC. Autopsy studies demonstrate deposits of anti-Hu specific IgG in the neurons and a predominance of T cells in the inflammatory infiltrates. Treatment of the tumor and immunosuppressors are effective in opsoclonus whereas patients with PCD or PEM with circulating antibodies do not improve.
 ...
PMID:Clinical and pathological advances on central nervous system paraneoplastic syndromes. 144 70

During the past few decades medical science has accepted the concept that cancer is a fundamental disorder of cellular growth control. A disorder can originate in some cells through changes in genes (DNA level: gene amplification, mutation and rearrangement) or their expression (RNA and protein levels), and stimulates growth in contrast to surrounding cells. Over the last decade genes affected in the cancer cell have been identified as well as the nature of changes undergone. Only a few of the known oncogenes play a role in head and neck cancer. These are epidermal growth factor receptor, c-myc, the ras gene family, int-2, hst-1 and bcl-1. In some clinical disorders, such as childhood neuroblastoma and breast cancer, oncogenes have been shown to play an important role in tumor staging or as a prognostic parameter. The aim for future therapy is the effective application of oncogenes (or "gene therapy") in clinical practice.
 ...
PMID:[Oncogenes and their significance for head and neck cancers]. 151 16

We developed a new approach for detecting the gene amplification of cancer DNAs with restriction landmark genomic scanning (RLGS). In cancer research, much effort has been made to find the amplified loci of cancer DNAs, because many lines of evidence indicate association between oncogene amplification and carcinogenesis. Conventionally, such gene amplification has been detected by using Southern hybridization with DNA probes. However, only the information of one locus can be obtained by one hybridization procedure, and analysis of many loci throughout the genome is too laborious and time consuming, even if only several candidate genes are investigated. On the other hand, the "in-gel renaturation method" was reported as another alternative for detection of amplified regions. However, even though this method is much improved, it is difficult to detect less than 7-fold amplification, which is often higher than the amplification of many cancer cases. To overcome these limitations and, in addition, to locate the amplified DNA two dimensionally, we applied RLGS for analysis of DNA amplification in cancer tissues, such as breast cancer (infiltrative tubuloadenocarcinoma), neuroblastoma, meningioma (endotheliomatous meningioma), and thyroid cancer (papillary adenocarcinoma). In some cases of breast cancer, several amplified spots located on the same amplicon were detected. In thyroid cancer, in which no amplification has yet been reported, low-grade amplification was also detected. In this report, we demonstrated that RLGS allows us to screen 2000-3000 restriction landmarks distributed on the genome simultaneously, and even low-grade amplification could be detected effectively. Thus, RLGS has proven to be a very useful method in detecting DNA amplification.
 ...
PMID:New approach for detection of amplification in cancer DNA using restriction landmark genomic scanning. 161 37

Constitutional chromosome abnormalities that may predispose a group of individuals to develop certain neoplasms have been reported for some human solid tumors. Deletions of 13q in retinoblastoma, 11p in Wilms' tumor, 1p in neuroblastoma, 3p in renal cell carcinoma, 5q in colorectal carcinoma and 22q in meningioma are examples of such anomalies. In breast carcinoma, a specific cytogenetic defect has not been conclusively identified. We have studied Phytohemagglutinin-stimulated lymphocytes of 76 breast cancer patients, 68 predisposed family members, 40 controls, and 30 additional controls with lung cancer to determine whether nonrandom chromosome defects are present. From each sample 100, G-or Q-banded metaphase spreads were studied for rearrangements. A marked clustering of alterations in the long arm of chromosome no. 1 (q11-22) was seen in breast cancer patients and in some predisposed family members. Alterations in 1q were present in 1% to 3% of metaphases, and included translocations to chromosomes 3, 6, 7, 9, 12, 15, 17, 18, 21 and the X; deletion of 1q, or pericentric inversion. Twelve out of 62 (19.3%) familial cases, 3 out of 14 (21.4%) sporadic cases, 9 out of 68 (13.2%) predisposed cases and 2 out of 40 (5%) control cases showed 1q alterations. None of the 30 lung cancer patients showed chromosome 1 anomaly in this region. This is consistent with the reports on primary breast tumor tissues, cell lines and pleural effusions where 1q defects have been reported. We conclude that chromosome 1q rearrangement might be one of the primary lesions specifically associated with the development of breast cancer.
 ...
PMID:Chromosome anomalies in human breast cancer: evidence for specific involvement of 1q region in lymphocyte cultures. 188 38

Monoclonal antibodies have been used to detect tumor cells in bone marrow of patients with neuroblastoma, breast cancer, small cell lung cancer, prostatic cancer and gastrointestinal carcinoma. By comparative analysis immunocytology proved to be more sensitive than conventional cytology and histology and had the additional advantage of specificity. A positive correlation exists between the presence of tumor cells in bone marrow and the extent of the primary tumor. The proliferative potential of the micrometastatic cells was assessed by characterization of EGF and transferrin receptors, tumorigenicity was shown by xenotransplantation experiments in nu/nu mice in a few instances. First follow-up studies indicate that the presence of disseminated tumor cells in bone marrow can be taken as predicting the subsequent development of overt metastasis.
 ...
PMID:Detection, characterization and tumorigenicity of disseminated tumor cells in human bone marrow. 210 96


1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 Next >>