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Query: UMLS:C0027819 (neuroblastoma)
 27,800 document(s) hit in 31,850,051 MEDLINE articles (0.00 seconds)

Clonal mouse neuroblastoma cells without tyrosine 3-monooxygenase [EC 1.14.16.2; tyrosine hydroxylase; L-tyrosine, tetrahydropteridine:oxygen oxidoreductase (3-hydroxylating)] activity were fused with normal cells from embryonic mouse sympathetic ganglia. One of the 37 hybrid cell lines obtained possesses high tyrosine 3-monooxygenase activity and synthesizes dopamine. These cells also have excitable membranes and generate action potentials in response to electrical stimuli. Thus hybrid cells, generated by fusion of neuroblastoma cells with normal cells from the nervous system, can acquire neural properties not found with the parental neuroblastoma cells.
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PMID:Neuronal properties of hybrid neuroblastoma X sympathetic ganglion cells. 0 45

Different cholinergic cell lines were fused with an adrenergic neuroblastoma cell line (N115-BU-8). Its fusion with a cholinergic neuroblastoma-glioma hybrid produced a "hybrid-hybrid" line containing cholinergic and adrenergic enzyme activities. Both activities were also present in subclones of this line. The presence of catecholamines in single cells was confirmed by microspectrofluorimetry. These results are discussed with respect to the possibility of a simultaneous synthesis of noradrenaline and acetylcholine in single cells. The cholinergic and adrenergic enzyme activities are influenced by cell density, by dexamethasone, and by conditioned medium.
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PMID:Clonal hybrid cell lines expressing cholinergic and adrenergic properties. 4 Dec 46

The critical point dried (CPD) whole cell technique was applied to the study of the morphogenesis and morphology of rabies virus and vesicular stomatitis virus (VSV) in mouse neuroblastoma and baby hamster kidney (BHK) cells. With the stereoscopic technique, progeny viruses at the cell surface and within the cytoplasm of the CPD whole cells were clearly visualized. The presence of many fine cellular processes and of virus budding from these processes were prominent features of the infected cells. Long strings of virus particles and virus apparently fused into different forms were often seen; a possible mechanism for the formation of these aberrant forms is discussed. Negative staining of the CPD whole cells clearly revealed the detailed structure of virus particles in the process of budding.
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PMID:Application of the critical point dried whole cell technique to the study of animal rhabdoviruses. 20 90

A temperature sensitive mutant of vesicular stomatitis virus which does not mature properly when grown at 39 degrees C promoted extensive fusion of murine neuroblastoma cells at this nonpermissive temperature. Polykaryocytes apparently formed as a result of fusion from within the cells that requires low doses of infectious virions for its promotion and is dependent on viral protein synthesis. Although 90% of infected N-18 neuroblastoma cells were fused by 15 h after infection, larger polykaryocytes continued to form, leading to an average of 28 nuclei per polykaryocyte as a result of polykaryocytes fusing to each other. Two neuroblastoma cell lines have been observed to undergo fusion, whereas three other cell lines (BHK-21, CHO, and 3T3) were incapable of forming polykaryocytes, suggesting that nervous system-derived cells are particularly susceptible to vesicular stomatitis virus-induced fusion. Although the normal assembly of the protein components of this virus is deficient at 39 degrees C, the G glycoprotein was inserted into the infected cell membranes at this temperature. Two lines of evidence suggest that the expression of G at the cell surface promotes this polykaryocyte formation: (i) inhibition of glycosylation, which may be involved in the migration of the G protein to the cellular plasma membranes, will inhibit the cell fusion reaction; (ii) addition of antiserum, directed toward the purified G glycoprotein, will also inhibit cell fusion.
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PMID:Neuroblastoma cell fusion by a temperature-sensitive mutant of vesicular stomatitis virus. 22 47

Friend mouse erythroleukemia cells (T3c1-2 and its subline 5000) can be induced to synthesize hemoglobin after treatment with 1.5% (vol/vol) dimethylsulfoxide. When these cells are fused with nonerythroid cells (namely, mouse neuroblastoma or L cells) hemoglobin induction is extinguished. In order to determine if the nucleus of the nonerythroid cell is necessary for this extinction, fusions were performed between mouse erythroleukemia cells and enucleated neuroblastoma or L cells. Hemoglobin induction was reduced or eliminated in clones of these hybrids even after 6 months of continuous culture. These results suggest that the cytoplasm of nonerythroid cells contains factor(s) that extinguish hemoglobin inducibility in erythroleukemic cells and that this new phenotype can be inherited.
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PMID:Extinction of hemoglobin inducibility in Friend erythroleukemia cells by fusion with cytoplasm of enucleated mouse neuroblastoma or fibroblast cells. 26 3

The dimensional accuracy of porcelain fused to metal crown and bridge castings was determined on truncated cone-shaped steel dies. Ni-Cr castings produced in manufacturers' laboratories were consistently undersize, while precious metal castings were consistently oversize. Ni-Cr castings, produced in NBS laboratories using a modified investing technique, were routinely oversize.
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PMID:Fit of porcelain fused-to-metal crown and bridge castings. 38 80

The techniques of somatic cell hybridization allow a genetic analysis of differentiated functions of mammalian cells in vitro. Clonal lines of mouse neuroblastoma cells expressing a variety of differentiated neuroectodermal functions have been fused to L cells not expressing these functions. The resulting NL hybirds, on a clonal basis, express a variety of parental and non-parental phenotypes. Some hybrid clones inherit the ability to synthesize the neurotransmitter acetylcholine (Ach) (expression of high levels of choline acetyltransferase, CAT) while others do not. The ability to synthesize Ach and the ability to degrade this neurotransmitter (high levels of acetylcholinesterase activity, AChE) appear to segregate independently in NL hybrid progeny.--When a a variety of clonal cell lines replicating in culture are fused to cells freshly derived from the embryonic nervous system, interesting phenotypes result in the hybrid progeny. Neuroblastoma x rodent nervous tissue hybrids express AChE and in a few instances have developed the ability to synthesize CAT. Transformed human fibroblasts fused to normal rodent nervous tissue yield hybrid progeny that retain human and segregate mouse chromosomes and isozymes. No expression of differentiated functions has yet been found in these latter hybrids but they are useful for mapping mouse genes.
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PMID:Expression of phenotypes in hybrid somatic cells derived from the nervous system. 115 88

In this study, the human cytomegalovirus (CMV) promoter fused to the lacZ (beta-gal) reporter gene was transfected into neuroblastoma SK-N-BE(2)-C cells, and phorbol ester-stimulated promoter activity assessed by both PCR quantitation of reporter gene mRNA levels and enzyme activity. Surprisingly, significant differences were observed in the induction profile of CMV promoter activity as judged by these two independent methods of analysis. For example, at 24 hrs post-transfection beta-gal activity was elevated 7.3-fold in phorbol ester-treated cells, whereas 2.4-fold increases were observed in the cognate mRNA levels. These findings demonstrate the efficacy of quantitative PCR methodology to evaluate promoter activity in DNA-mediated cell transfection analyses, and raise a cautionary note on the reliance of reporter gene enzyme activity to estimate the transcriptional activity of heterologous promoters.
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PMID:Discordant estimates of heterologous promoter activity as determined by reporter gene mRNA levels and enzyme activity. 133 48

It is well documented that cold stress induces a rapid trans-synaptically mediated increase in the relative abundance of rat adrenomedullary tyrosine hydroxylase (TH) mRNA. To investigate the transcriptional mechanisms regulating the cold stress response, we have employed a gel mobility shift assay, using DNA fragments prepared from the proximal 5' flanking region of the bovine TH gene as a heterologous molecular probe. In pilot studies, this region of the bovine TH promoter (nucleotides -246 to +21) was fused to the bacterial reporter gene, chloramphenicol acetyltransferase, and the chimeric construct transfected into human neuroblastoma SK-N-BE(2)-C, hepatoma HepG2, and rat pheochromocytoma PC-12 cells. Results of this analysis indicate that the proximal 5' flanking region of the bovine TH gene contains sufficient information to drive transient reporter gene expression in both human and rat catecholaminergic clonal cell lines. The findings derived from the gel mobility shift studies demonstrate that cold exposure causes rapid and selective alterations in the binding of adrenomedullary nuclear proteins to the proximal 5' flanking region of the TH gene. The most striking cold stress-induced alteration in DNA/nucleoprotein binding occurs in a region of the TH promoter (nucleotides -246 to -189) which contains an element bearing marked sequence similarity to an AP1 binding site and is highly conserved among animal species. This alteration occurs within 1 hr of cold exposure and persists for up to 48 hr after the onset of stress. The results of adrenal denervation experiments indicate that the cold-induced change in DNA/nucleoprotein binding is neurally mediated, requiring intact sympathetic innervation of the gland.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)
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PMID:Cold-induced alterations in the binding of adrenomedullary nuclear proteins to the promoter region of the tyrosine hydroxylase gene. 136 May 41

The regulation of human corticotropin-releasing hormone (hCRH) gene promoter activity by inducers of cAMP was investigated by transient transfection with a construct containing the hCRH gene promoter fused to the chloramphenicol acetyltransferase gene. Expression of hCRH-chloramphenicol acetyltransferase was strongly enhanced by forskolin in the neuroblastoma SK-N-MC and choriocarcinoma JAR cell lines. Overexpression of the catalytic subunit of protein kinase A dispensed the need for forskolin, and cotransfection of cAMP-responsive element-binding protein cDNAs enhanced forskolin-dependent expression of the hCRH promoter. Progressive 5'-end deletions of the hCRH promoter delineated a cAMP- responsive region between -226 and -164 base pairs. This fragment contained the sequence TGACGTCA at -221 base pairs, consistent with the consensus motif for a CRE. A homologous oligonucleotide responded to cAMP when cloned in either orientation in front of the thymidine kinase promoter. However, the level of constitutive and inductive cAMP expression was dependent on the cell line and on intrinsic properties of the promoter. Mutation of the wild type CRH-CRE sequence into an AP-1 site (TGAGTCA) completely abolished stimulation by cAMP. In contrast, coexpression of the catalytic subunit of protein kinase A dispensed the need for stimulation with forskolin, which showed that the CRH-CRE oligonucleotide served as a functional equivalent of the native CRE element.
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PMID:Identification and characterization of a 3',5'-cyclic adenosine monophosphate-responsive element in the human corticotropin-releasing hormone gene promoter. 148 Jan 79


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