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Query: UMLS:C0027651 (tumor)
 685,946 document(s) hit in 31,850,051 MEDLINE articles (0.00 seconds)

Single photon emission computed tomography (SPECT) with thallium-201-chloride (201Tl) was used in 22 patients to assess the grade of malignancy of brain tumors. Low- and high-grade malignant gliomas could be well differentiated by calculating the Grade Index (GI), i.e., 201Tl uptake in the tumor area relative to a contralateral brain region. Low-grade gliomas (WHO-grade I-II) usually showed a GI of < 1.5. Tumors classified histologically as high-grade malignant (WHO-grade III-IV) had GI values greater than 1.42 and a mean value of 1.89. Until labelled amino-acid tracers for gamma-cameras become commercially available, thallium-201 brain-SPECT can provide an independent and complementary method to CT/MRI for the differential diagnosis of grading of brain tumors. This simple technique can help to reduce sampling errors during needle biopsies of brain tumors, particularly of high-grade lesions incorrectly graded as low-grade tumors due to inadequate biopsy material. In addition, pre- and post-therapy studies can influence the strategy of therapy itself and allow an early detection of recurrences.
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PMID:Contribution of thallium-201-SPECT to the grading of tumorous alterations of the brain. 148 Feb 73

A rare case of choroid plexus papilloma in the third ventricle is presented. A 19 year old male patient was admitted to our hospital for further examination of a head injury. On admission, he was asymptomatic. CT and MRI showed a homogeneous mass extending from the third ventricle to the right lateral ventricle. The right lateral ventricle was slightly enlarged. Craniograms showed calcification above the sella turcica. Cerebral angiograms disclosed a tumor stain fed by the right medial posterior choroidal artery in the third ventricle. Anterior transcallosal approach was chosen for the extirpation of the tumor. Histological study revealed choroid plexus papilloma. The postoperative course was uneventful.
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PMID:[A rare case of choroid plexus papilloma in the third ventricle]. 148 93

Unlike other pituitary hormones, PRL is under tonic inhibition by the hypothalamus by way of the PRL inhibitory factor, dopamine. GAP and GABA may also be inhibitory. PRL-releasing factors include TRH and VIP and possibly others. Circulating PRL is predominantly monomeric, although some patients with hyperprolactinemia appear to have increased quantities of the less biologically active polymeric forms. PRL is secreted episodically, with an increase in the amplitude of the secretory pulses with sleep. A transitory increase also occurs in response to the protein component of meals. Basal PRL levels increase in response to the hormonal milieu of pregnancy, and suckling postpartum triggers PRL release. Pathologic increases of PRL owing to hypothalamic dysregulation occur with a variety of medications, including the neuroleptics, metoclopramide, antidepressants, methyldopa, reserpine and verapamil, abuse of opiates and cocaine, renal insufficiency, cirrhosis, hypothyroidism, adrenal insufficiency, neurogenic stimulation, and idiopathically. Hyperprolactinemia also may occur from structural lesions of the stalk and hypothalamus, which cause disinhibition with or without maintenance of PRF activity, ectopic neoplasm production, and, most commonly, from prolactinomas. Diagnostic testing consists of routine chemistry and thyroid testing and imaging with MRI or CT. Dopamine agonists are the treatment of choice of prolactinomas of all sizes. Transsphenoidal surgery is an alternative for the patient who does not respond to medical therapy or who wishes definitive tumor removal, realizing that long-term cure is achieved in only 50% to 60% of patients with microadenomas and a much lower number in those with macroadenomas. Radiotherapy is reserved for patients who do respond to either medical or surgical treatment. Patients wishing to become pregnant usually are treated with bromocriptine, although prepregnancy surgical debulking may be advisable for those with large macroadenomas to reduce problems with tumor enlargement.
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PMID:Pathologic hyperprolactinemia. 148 80

Chondrosarcoma of rib origin is rare in Japan. A 51-year-old man came to our hospital with chest pain and coin lesion in the left superior part of the chest X-ray film. It was suspected to be the posterior mediastinal tumor based on CT and MRI. Operation was done to remove the tumor and the histological diagnosis was chondrosarcoma. The tumor measured 2.5 x 2.6 x 2.2 cm arising from the posterior portion of the left third rib. Combined resection of descending aortic adventitia was done. The patient is doing well without symptoms of recurrence 15 months after operation.
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PMID:[A case of chondrosarcoma originating from the left third rib]. 148 37

In a study on 51 patients with histologically confirmed soft tissue tumors (STT), we retrospectively evaluated the preoperative use of imaging procedures (MRI, CT, ultrasound, angiography, plain film) for identification of tumor size, delineation, and determination of malignancy and tissue type. The findings were correlated with intraoperative findings and histological diagnosis. The overall diagnostic method of choice for preoperative imaging of STT is MRI, followed by CT. Ultrasound, although sensitive, lacks the required specificity. Angiography and plain film can only be used for specific indications, as they generally do not make it possible to stage the tumor. Combining our results with those from the more recent literature, we propose a diagnostic algorithm according to which MRI would generally be performed for preoperative staging of STT. CT and plain film should only be used if bony infiltration is suspected; angiography is indicated for planning intraarterial chemotherapy or embolization or if vascular infiltration is probable.
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PMID:[Imaging techniques in the preoperative diagnosis of soft tissue tumors. A comparison of MRT, CT, sonography, angiography and conventional x-rays]. 149 50

The purpose of our study was to assess the utility of CT and MRI in the staging of bladder carcinoma. The overall accuracy of MR is in the range of 66 to 85%. T2 weighted and post-Gadolinium T1 weighted images allow one to differentiate T1-T2 from T3a type of neoplasms. Perivesical fat invasion is well shown with T1w images while pelvic wall invasion is better seen on T2w--images. The overall accuracy of CT ranges from 64 to 92%. CT cannot distinguish stage T1 from stage T3a tumors CT is accurate for demonstrating perivesical fat invasion. In the assessment of lymph node metastases CT and MRI have low sensitivity but high accuracy. Trans-urethral sonography is more accurate than CT and MRI in the staging of parietal invasion and it permits the differentiation between T1, T2 and T3a stages even though the distinction between T2 and T3a type of tumors is not always possible. Trans-urethral sonography is not useful in assessing extravesical extension and lymph node metastases. In summary, trans-urethral sonography is the method of choice for evaluating parietal invasion. CT and MR are very accurate for evaluating perivesical fat invasion and are also quite accurate for evaluating lymph nodes. MRI is superior to CT in distinguishing tumors limited to superficial muscle from those that invade deep muscle. MRI can also be helpful in distinguishing the tumor from fibrosis and edema.
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PMID:[A comparison between intraurethral echography, computed tomography and magnetic resonance in the staging of bladder tumors]. 149 63

A 51-year-old male patient presented with right-sided swelling of the neck and a 2-year history of decreasing olfaction that had culminated in complete anosmia. CT and MRI showed a calcified ethmoid tumor and destruction of the lamina cribrosa extending into the anterior fossa and frontal lobes. Contrast material demonstrated marked enhancement on the CT and MRI. Bilateral angiography of the external and internal carotid arteries failed to show tumor vascularity typical for an esthesioneuroblastoma but rendered an olfactory meningioma unlikely. Histological findings of cervical lymph nodes removed during neck dissection showed infiltration by an esthesioneuroblastoma (Kadish C classification). Tumor calcifications in these neoplasms are generally well seen on CT and--while not specific--may suggest the diagnosis. CT and MRI are the most sensitive methods of demonstrating local tumor growth, metastasis and bone destruction.
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PMID:[Cervical lymph node metastasis as a primary manifestation of esthesioneuroblastoma]. 149 71

A rare case of urinary retention due to tuberculous pyometra is presented. A 70-year-old woman visited our hospital complaining of dysuria and pollakisuria on January 26, 1990. In spite of medication of cholinergic agents, urinary retention developed on April 6, 1990. Cystoscopy revealed elevation of the urethra and bladder neck. Physical examinations disclosed a child-head-sized tumor in the lower abdomen, which persisted following catheterization. Excretory urogram showed a large retrovesical mass. Chain urethrocystogram revealed anterior dislocation of the bladder neck and the proximal portion of the urethra. CT scan and MRI demonstrated a fluid-filled pelvic mass, which positioned above the vagina and compressed the urinary bladder anteriorly. Total hysterectomy was performed on August 6, 1990. Pathological diagnosis was tuberculous endometritis. Urinary symptoms disappeared immediately after the operation. Postoperative chain urethrocystography revealed complete cure of the dislocation of the bladder neck and urethra. We collected 34 cases of urinary retention due to gynecological disease in Japan, and 110 cases in English literature. Among the frequent diseases were retroverted gravid uterus, prolapse uteri, uterine leiomyomas, ovarian cyst, imperforated hymen and vaginal atresia. The mechanisms of urinary retention in gynecological disease are discussed. No case of urinary retention due to tuberculous pyometra was found in the literature.
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PMID:[A case of urinary retention due to tuberculous pyometra]. 149 6

The case is a 77-year-old man who was first examined in August 1980 (at age 67). Prostatic biopsy revealed a poorly-differentiated adenocarcinoma, and clinically, diagnosis was made as stage B. Castration and DES administration were carried out. Subsequent chemotherapy with BLM, MMC, and 5-FU led to CR. A periodical check-up in September 1985 detected a pelvic lymph node metastasis, which was, however, completely remitted by radiotherapy and chemotherapy. In April 1990, local relapse was noted in the left lobe of the prostate. Biopsy revealed a poorly-differentiated adenocarcinoma. Three courses of intravenous administration of CDDP, THP, and VP-16 caused no change. From August 1990 on, anal submucosal injection of MTX was started. 20 mg of MTX administration once a week, for consecutive 5 weeks, followed by 4-week interruption on ambulatory basis formed one course. The tumor was distinctly reduced following one course, disappeared (MRI) following two courses and showed only a few viable cells (biopsy) following four courses. We consider that the present method is a hopeful new therapeutic approach.
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PMID:[The effectiveness of anal submucosal injection of methotrexate for relapsed prostatic cancer--a case report]. 149 7

Reporting two cases of dorsally located cervico-medullary hemangioblastomas the Authors discuss clinico-biological features, diagnosis and therapy of this vascular neoplasms, analyzing the cases reported in detail in the available literature. In this site the tumor has often an exophitic development, adhering more or less extensively to the posterior surface of medulla oblungata, where progressively creates a niche. Transient neurogenic arterial blood hypertension, by possible involvement of the dorsal nucleus of vagal nerve, together with the lack of postoperative respiratory disturbances constitute the main clinical features of differentiation with intraaxial hemangioblastomas of the brainstem. Actually MRI represents the radiological investigation of choice, even if angiography still plays an important role in the correct preoperative diagnosis of hemangioblastomas. The therapy of dorsally located cervico-medullary hemangioblastomas is the total removal of the lesion also in asymptomatic patients, being the late surgical results generally successful.
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PMID:Cervico-medullary junction hemangioblastomas. Report of two cases and review of the literature. 150 Sep 60


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