Gene/Protein Disease Symptom Drug Enzyme Compound
Pivot Concepts:   Target Concepts:
Query: UMLS:C0027651 (tumor)
 685,946 document(s) hit in 31,850,051 MEDLINE articles (0.00 seconds)

Radiologists play a vital role in the management of malignant liver disease, both by providing accurate data regarding extent and segmental localization of lesions as well as demonstrating their relationship to major vascular structures. The interrelationship between the major cross-sectional imaging modalities (ultrasound, CT, and MRI) must be understood in order to use each modality effectively and efficiently. Characteristic behavior of certain tumors (such as venous invasion by hepatomas) can help in recognition of tumor type and may have a major impact on decisions regarding resectability. Pitfalls in liver imaging (such as the presence of benign conditions that may mimic malignant lesions) must be well understood in order to avoid errors in diagnosis. Difficulties may arise in underdetection of tumors arising in chronically diseased livers and overstatement of the extent of tumors in livers with coexistent benign and malignant lesions. The appearances and behavior of primary and metastatic liver cancer is reviewed, emphasizing the features listed previously.
 ...
PMID:Correlative imaging of malignant liver tumors. 141 39

MR imaging of the shoulder has become an important imaging modality for that joint. Excellent soft tissue contrast and multiplanar acquisition provide optimal assessment of muscle, tendons, hyaline and fibrous cartilage, joint capsules, fat, bursae and bone marrow. The most common indications for shoulder MRI are suspected rotator cuff tear, shoulder instability, osteonecrosis, neoplasm and infection. In this article we describe MR technique, special anatomy of the shoulder, and diagnostic MR criteria of common pathologic conditions.
 ...
PMID:MRI of the shoulder. 142 96

Eighteen adult patients presenting with acute transverse myelitis (ATM) were evaluated using magnetic resonance imaging. Only 7 had abnormal scans showing an area of increased signal intensity within the cord solely on T2 weighted images; T1 weighted images were normal. The MRI abnormality did not correlate with the cause of the transverse myelitis, the extent of maximum neurological deficit, or the prognosis. A scan performed more than 5 days after the onset of disease was most likely to be positive. Even though the prognostic value of MRI in ATM may be limited, it remains a valuable technique for ruling out other causes of noncompressive spinal cord lesions, such as hemorrhage, vascular malformation, or tumor.
 ...
PMID:The role of magnetic resonance imaging in acute transverse myelitis. 142 48

The authors compared computed tomography (CT) and endoscopic retrograde cholangiopancreatography (ERCP), techniques commonly used to study the biliary tree, with pre- and post-Gd-DTPA breath-hold fast low angle shot (FLASH) and fat suppressed spin-echo in 28 consecutive patients with bile duct abnormalities detected on ERCP, including 11 patients with malignant disease and 17 patients with benign disease. ERCP, CT, and magnetic resonance (MR) images were prospectively interpreted in a blinded fashion and reviewed by consensus. ERCP characterized all cases of malignant disease by the presence of a narrowed bile duct lumen with irregular margins. CT and MRI detected all cases of malignant disease and characterized nine of 11 as malignant. In seven of these cases, CT and MRI showed thickening of extrahepatic bile duct walls greater than 5 mm. MRI images showed intrahepatic-enhancing periportal tissue in four cases, which was not seen on CT images, and which was biopsy-proven tumor extension. Benign disease was characterized on ERCP images by the demonstration of smooth tapered narrowings in 16 cases, whereas on CT and MR images it was characterized by mild to moderate dilatation of the intrahepatic bile ducts and wall thickness less than 5 mm in 13 cases. Overall ERCP correctly characterized 27 cases as benign or malignant and CT and MRI both characterized 25. The results of this study show a trend that ERCP is superior to CT and MRI for characterizing bile duct disease.
 ...
PMID:Bile duct disease: prospective comparison of ERCP, CT, and fat suppression MRI. 142 53

Between February 1984 and September 1990, 60 patients with brainstem gliomas were treated with hyperfractionated radiotherapy in the Department of Radiation Oncology at the University of California, San Francisco. Forty-one children (< or = 18 years) and 19 adults were treated with 100 cGy twice daily with 4-8 hr between doses. Thirty-one patients (21 children and 10 adults) received total doses of 66-72 Gy and 29 patients (20 children and nine adults) received 74-78 Gy. Median follow-up was 208 weeks for all patients (214 weeks for children, 157 weeks for adults). Twenty-three patients (14 children and nine adults) were alive at the time of analysis, surviving 59-359 weeks following treatment. Median actuarial survival was 73.6 weeks overall (72 weeks for children, 190 weeks for adults; p = 0.43). Survival at 12 and 24 months was 65% and 38%, respectively (63% and 32%, for children; 68% and 53% for adults). All patients had pretreatment magnetic resonance imaging by which tumors were classified as either focal or diffuse. No significant pretreatment prognostic factors for adults were identified. In children, significant favorable prognostic factors on univariate analysis were older age (p = 0.001), tumor location in thalamus or midbrain (p = 0.002), focal appearance on MRI scan (p < 0.001) and duration of symptoms > 2 months prior to treatment (p < 0.001). Thirty-five patients had tumor biopsies, leading to a diagnosis in 33 (22 children and 11 adults). Children with moderately anaplastic astrocytomas survived significantly longer than those with glioblastoma multiforme or unbiopsied tumors (p < 0.001). Only duration of symptoms > 2 months remained significant as a favorable prognostic indicator for children on multivariate analysis (p < 0.001). Survival was not significantly different for patients receiving < or = 72 Gy and those receiving > 72 Gy (p = 0.18). No subgroup of patients showed significantly better survival with the higher dose. These findings indicate that hyperfractionated radiotherapy is effective treatment for adults and a subgroup of better prognosis children with brainstem gliomas. There is a subgroup of pediatric patients with extremely poor prognosis for whom even this aggressive treatment does little to extend survival. We conclude that there is no benefit to increasing total dose above 72 Gy for any of the groups analyzed.
 ...
PMID:Hyperfractionated radiation therapy for gliomas of the brainstem in children and in adults. 142 81

From 1961 to 1981, 19 pediatric patients with craniopharyngiomas were treated with external beam radiation post surgery. Twelve underwent primary treatment while seven were treated for recurrence. Median follow-up is 21 years (range 8-28 years) with an overall 20-year survival of 62%. Twenty-six percent (5/19) developed disease recurrence following radiation. Of the multiple patient and treatment parameters analyzed, only initial disease status (i.e., primary vs recurrence), surgical extent, radiation dose, and treatment prior to routine use of CT scans (1961-1974) appeared to have major influence on patient outcome. The 20-year survival for those treated for primary disease was 78% versus 25% for those treated for recurrence. Fifty percent (3/6) of patients receiving tumor doses of < or = 5400 cGy developed recurrences versus 15% (2/13) in those receiving > 5400 cGy. Four of the five recurrences occurred in patients treated during the pre-CT era. Long term effects of treatment were analyzed. Surgical morbidity correlated strongly with extent of surgery. All patients who underwent total resection developed surgical sequelae. Radiation morbidity correlated strongly with radiation dose. The incidence of vascular or neurologic complications attributable to radiation were minimal, occurring in only two patients. Both received doses higher than that given with modern therapy. Long-term results from this series are better than those reported with surgery alone. Use of modern surgical and radiation equipment/technique along with CT/MRI imaging should yield improved treatment results both in terms of lower recurrence and lower toxicity rates.
 ...
PMID:Pediatric craniopharyngiomas: long term results of combined treatment with surgery and radiation. 142 82

A 56-yr-old man with a prior history of renal cell carcinoma had moderately intense abnormal localization of 201Tl-chloride in a solitary brain lesion which was discovered to be a bacterial abscess. The organisms isolated by culture included Actinomycosis odontolyticus, Peptostreptococcus and Hemophilus aphrophilus. Because of the clinical presentation, MRI characteristics and thallium scintigraphic findings, the lesion had been felt to represent either a primary or a metastatic neoplasm. This case illustrates the need for caution in the interpretation of thallium brain scintigram.
 ...
PMID:Abnormal intracerebral thallium localization in a bacterial brain abscess. 143 64

Sequential MR imaging with gadolinium-diethylenetriaminepentaacetic acid (Gd-DTPA) and sequential measurements of plasma Gd-DTPA concentration by inductively coupled plasma atomic emission spectroscopy (ICP-AES) were used to estimate the blood-to-tissue transport coefficient (Ki) in the 36B-10 rat glioma model. For these measurements, tissue Gd-DTPA concentration was estimated from tumor enhancement by correlation with calibration measurements obtained by ICP-AES analysis of tumor tissue. The 14 animals for which Ki was calculated can be grouped into those imaged at 11 days following tumor implantation, at 13-18 days, and at 20 days. The mean (+SEM) Ki values for these groups were 1.1 + 0.24, 9.2 + 0.8, and 13.4 + 1.7 ml/kg-min, respectively. These results correspond well with published data obtained by quantitative autoradiography. It is concluded that frequent sequential imaging and a graphical approach to Ki calculation are promising methods for determining the blood-to-tissue transport coefficient noninvasively by contrast-enhanced MRI.
 ...
PMID:Measurement of blood-brain barrier permeability in a tumor model using magnetic resonance imaging with gadolinium-DTPA. 143 11

The results of MRI and MIBG scintigraphy performed on the spine of 14 children with neuroblastoma are reported. In 6 cases of diffuse spinal bone marrow tumor infiltration, diagnosis is easier with MIBG scintigraphy than with MRI. In 5 cases, MRI detected hyposignal of the vertebral body without any spinal abnormality on MIBG scintigraphy. A discussion of the reasons for negative MIBG scintigraphy is presented and in these 5 cases, it is suggested that a lateral view of MIBG scintigraphy and HMDP-Tc99m scintigraphy may be performed, even vertebral body biopsy in order to assess bone marrow tumoral infiltration.
 ...
PMID:Value of MRI and MIBG-I123 scintigraphy in the diagnosis of spinal bone marrow involvement in neuroblastoma in children. 143 70

This paper presents a short survey of the current status of bone marrow diagnosis in systemic neoplastic disease by means of MR imaging. The different patterns of bone marrow infiltration from lymphomas and leukaemias are presented and the differential diagnoses are discussed. Apart from the primary diagnosis the relevance of conventional MRI and chemical shift imaging for therapy follow up and after-care is discussed.
 ...
PMID:[MR tomography of the bone marrow in malignant systemic diseases. Diagnosis and therapeutic follow-up control]. 143 18


<< Previous 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 Next >>