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Query: UMLS:C0027651 (tumor)
 685,946 document(s) hit in 31,850,051 MEDLINE articles (0.00 seconds)

Eight patients affected with endocrine tumor of the pancreas were examined, within the same period of time, by MRI and CT. Results from those two examinations were similar for the detection of the primary tumor (succeeding to visualize the lesion 5 times out of 8) and the evaluation of locoregional and vascular extension. No tumor smaller than 3 cm was diagnosed by MRI. Most of cases the pancreatic tumor appeared as hypointense in T1 and hyperintense in T2 sequences. MRI was a little more efficient than CT for the detection of liver metastases. MRI seems to be an interesting method for the follow-up of those patients needing a regular and prolonged surveillance after primary tumor ablation.
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PMID:[Role of MRI in the diagnosis of endocrine tumors of the pancreas]. 132 60

We report a case of extraadrenal pheochromocytoma of Zuckerkandl imaged by dynamic magnetic resonance imaging (dynamic MRI) with a 0.5 tesla (T) machine. The dynamic MRI proved useful in disclosing the tumor clearly because of strong enhancement in its early phase. This case has the advantages of dynamic computed tomography (dynamic CT) as well as of T2-weighted spin-echo (SE) MR images.
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PMID:Extraadrenal pheochromocytoma: dynamic demonstration at 0.5 tesla. 132 72

Primitive neuroectodermal tumors (PNETs) are uncommon CNS neoplasms found usually in the first decade of life. This article presents a proven case of this lesion in a 14-month-old boy located deep in the left frontal lobe. This lesion was studied by CT, MRI, and cerebral angiography. The radiologic findings of this tumor were assessed and compared with those cases reported in the medical literature.
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PMID:Primitive neuroectodermal tumor: CT, MRI, and angiographic findings. 132 83

This report concerns the 22-year-old female who has been suffering the paresthesia in the left buttock and thigh for three months. Neurological examination revealed nothing other than hypesthesia and hypalgesia which distributed in the third, fourth and fifth segments of left sacral region with the loss of anal reflex. Pain had not been noticed until when she came to our clinic. Myelography and MRI showed small irregular round mass occupying a third of the spinal canal behind the body of fourth lumbar spine. In the axial view of MRI, the mass was enhanced by the gadolinium (Gd) except for the small portion of its center. She underwent the surgical treatment which revealed the tumor entangling four nerves of cauda equina in its center as imaged in MRI. The tumor was epidermoid cyst which presumably caused the chemical meningitis and involved those nerves. That resulted in the sensory disturbance in the left sacral region, although the tumor was not large enough to compress the nerves.
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PMID:[A case of small epidermoid cyst in cauda equina with manifest regional hypesthesia]. 132 22

We report 2 cases of trigeminal neurinoma presenting with spontaneous intratumoral hemorrhage. There are only 2 similar cases reported in the literature. Presenting symptoms were headache, diplopia, disturbed consciousness and trigeminal disturbance with sudden onset. CT scan showed a typical fluid-fluid level within low-density mass in the cerebellopontine angle in one case. On MRI, one case showed a typical fluid-fluid level on T2-weighted image and another one had mixed signal intensities including hyper- and hypointensities on both T1- and T2-weighted images. Histologically, increased vascularity, consisting of dilated and thin-walled vessels presenting telangiectatic or cavernous angiomatous appearances were observed in the specimens in both cases. The size of these tumors was about 3 cm each in diameter. Risk factors for hemorrhage appear to be large tumor size and increased vascularity.
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PMID:Trigeminal neurinoma presenting with intratumoral hemorrhage: report of two cases. 132 11

A 63-year-old man developed gradually progressive bilateral loss of vision, cerebellar ataxia, and downbeat nystagmus. Visual acuity was 20/400 OD and 20/200 OS, with cecocentral scotomas OU. Fundus examination showed bilateral optic atrophy and a vitreous cellular reaction. MRI of the brain was normal. CSF protein was elevated, with increased IgG levels but no malignant cells. Biopsy of a pulmonary lymph node showed undifferentiated small cell carcinoma. Neoplastic cells were positive for neuron-specific enolase. Serum contained IgG, which reacted with neuronal and glial cytoplasm and processes. IgG reactivity with systemic tissues and the patient's tumor was not different from that observed with control sera. Paraneoplastic optic neuropathy should be considered in patients with unexplained visual loss and malignancy, and our observations suggest a possible immunologic basis for this condition.
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PMID:Optic neuropathy: a rare paraneoplastic syndrome. 132 6

Long-term survival of patients with high-grade gliomas remains extremely poor. The main reason for such an outcome is local failure, or recurrence, after surgery and/or radiotherapy. Higher doses of radiation may result in decreased local failure rates provided that the location (and extent) of gross tumor and microscopic disease can be defined accurately. The abnormalities appearing in images from diagnostic modalities, such as CT and MRI, are being used as a starting point and as a guide for the clinical definition of tumor and its extensions. However, some recent studies on two-dimensional specimens, correlating histopathological findings to CT and MRI images, showed that the resulting definition of tumor cell extensions was unsatisfactory, different, and in need of ample margins. We carried out a retrospective analysis to compare the target volumes that would have been defined by CT, T2-weighted MRI, and T1-weighted postgadolinium MRI images of the same individual and to explore the implications of the resulting volume definitions for radiotherapy. The results of our limited study, based on the margins used, indicate that the CT-defined target volume is consistently larger than that from either of the two MRI modalities and suggest that noncoplanar approaches for its treatment and other local approaches for tumor boost should be considered. We conclude that until more definitive histopathological guidelines correlated to image features have been formulated and agreed upon, one should try to make full use of all available diagnostic information in order to minimize the possibility of geographical miss of target extensions.
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PMID:Quantitation of treatment volumes from CT and MRI in high-grade gliomas: implications for radiotherapy. 132 2

Quantitative 3-D volumetric comparisons were made of composite CT-MRI macroscopic and microscopic tumor and target volumes to their independently defined constituents. Volumetric comparisons were also made between volumes derived from coronal and axial MRI data sets, and between CT and MRI volumes redefined at a repeat session in comparison to their original definitions. The degree of 3-D dose coverage obtained from use of CT data only or MRI data only in terms of coverage of composite CT-MRI volumes was also analyzed. On average, MRI defined larger volumes as well as a greater share of composite CT-MRI volumes. On average, increases in block margin on the order of 0.5 cm would have ensured coverage of volumes derived from use of both imaging modalities had only MRI data been used. However, the degree of inter-observer variation in volume definition is on the order of the magnitude of differences in volume definition seen between the modalities, and the question of which imaging modality best describes tumor volumes remains unanswered until detailed histologic studies are performed. Given that tumor volumes independently apparent on CT and MRI have equal validity, composite CT-MRI input should be considered for planning to ensure precise dose coverage for conformal treatments.
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PMID:A quantitative assessment of the addition of MRI to CT-based, 3-D treatment planning of brain tumors. 133 34

A 61-year-old male visited us with chief complaints of macroscopic hematuria and bladder irritation symptoms. Cystoscope, U/S, MRI, and CT showed an extensive non-papillary, wide-based tumor centering around the anterior wall of the bladder. Transabdominal U/S-guided full-thickness biopsy indicated a pT3a (Biopsy) primary small cell carcinoma of the bladder containing neuroendocrine granules. Immunohistochemical studies revealed Fuc GM1, an antigen related to small cell carcinoma of the lung. Neoadjuvant therapy consisted of preoperative irradiation at 50 Gy and intra-arterial infusion chemotherapy with CDDP and THP. Since a follow-up full thickness biopsy indicated pT0 (Biopsy), total cystectomy was performed. Examination of the resected specimen also indicated pathological CR.
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PMID:[Small cell carcinoma of the bladder. Small cell lung cancer-associated ganglioside (Fuc GM1) expression]. 133 26

Determining the precise extension of a bronchial carcinoma is essential to decide the treatment and appreciate the outcome. Computed tomography (CT) remains the reference method for the evaluation of mediastinal invasion by tumor. It seems reasonable to purpose CT for every operable tumor after radio bronchoscopic examination (except for peripheral T1 tumor without contact with the pleura). The place of MRI is not yet definitely established. But one can expect it to be better defined in the years to come because of technical improvement. However MRI could be performed in place of CT or complementary to CT in some cases: tumor of pulmonary apices, tumor in contact with diaphragm cardiac cavities or large mediastinal vessels, suspicion of vertebral invasion. MRI is also indicated first in cases of contra indication to iodine injection. There is no more indication to angiographic examinations for the staging of bronchogenic carcinoma. Other imaging methods have to be evaluated in this field: i.e. esophagoscopy, endovascular, ultrasound or angioscopy.
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PMID:[Bronchial cancer: how can the anatomic mediastinal extension of the tumor be estimated?]. 133 66


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