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Query: UMLS:C0027651 (tumor)
 685,946 document(s) hit in 31,850,051 MEDLINE articles (0.00 seconds)

Histologic features of the primary tumor and their effects on the incidence of unsuspected pelvic lymph node metastases have been studied in a prospective series of 62 patients with clinical stage B1, B2, or C prostatic adenocarcinoma who underwent pelvic lymph node removal. Twenty-one patients (34%) proved to have unsuspected nodal metastases. Differentiation of the primary tumor and extent of involvement of the prostate by carcinoma were the only two features that correlated significantly with the incidence of pelvic nodal metastases, 56% of those with undifferentiated tumors had metastases. Thirty-one of these patients underwent total prostatectomy; an average of only 46% of the sections of prostate contained tumor in the patients without metastases but an average of 65% of the sections were involved by carcinoma in those patients who did have nodal metastases.
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PMID:Clinicopathologic features of unsuspected regional lymph node metastases in prostatic adenocarcinoma. 90 39

Benign congenital polycystic tumors of the atrioventricular (A-V) node are an unusual but not very rare cause of heart block. Two such cases are presented and discussed in conjunction with the reported experience of other. The tumor is always within and only very near the A-V node, seldom involves more than the proximal end of the His bundle, and has not been reported to occur in the sinus node. Although sudden death has been reported in conjunction with these tumors, a surprising number of other patients have lived to old age and died of causes unrelated to the A-V nodal tumor. As a corollary it is important to consider a diagnosis of A-V nodal tumor in any patient of any age who presents with otherwise unexplained heart block or syncope. From accumulated experience it appears that such patients do not tolerate electronic pacing safely and some possible explanations for this are discussed. Escape rhythm in all reported cases has been characterized by QRS complexes which are narrow and a ventricular rate which is from half to two-thirds of the sinus rate. Reasons why an A-V junctional rhythm which is 66% of sinus rate may be especially stable are discussed.
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PMID:De subitaneis mortibus. XXVI. Fatal electrical instabiltiy of the heart associated with benign congenital polycystic tumor of the atrioventricular node. 90 93

Ten boys with paratesticular embryonal rhabdomyosarcoma were treated in a 44-year period. Two prognostically distinct stages of the disease and appropriate treatments are described. Children with non-infiltrating tumors (stage IA) are curable (3 patients are alive and free of tumor after 8 to 44 years) and radical orchiectomy with adjunctive radiation or, preferably, chemotherapy is adequate for these patients. Conversely, in those children with infiltrative tumors retroperitoneal nodal metastases invariably develop. Early retroperitoneal lymphadenectomy with adjuvant radiation and multidrug cyclic chemotherapy is life-saving (3 are alive and free of tumor after 2 1/2 to 4 years). However, delayed recognition and treatment of retroperitoneal disease, despite agressive therapy, is frequently disappointing--2 of 4 patients died after 2 and 6 years; another, who had advanced disease, is lost to followup and also is presumed dead and 1 is alive and free of tumor after 6 1/2 years.
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PMID:Paratesticular rhabdomyosarcoma in childhood. 90 55

The association of metastases (M) with age of patient, stage of disease, the gross and microscopic characteristics of the primary tumor, its physical location, the postradiational status of the breast, the extent and level of histological nodal involvement, the type of surgery practiced, and the host's biological environment are analysed. The authors conclude that the critical factor in systemic dissemination in female breast cancer is the extent and level of metastatic nodal involvement. Though the association between stage of disease, character of tumor (T), and histology are significant, the cruicial factor seems to be the nodal involvement. Systemic metastases are significantly higher in inner quadrant tumors. Possible methods of circumventing this dissemination are discussed.
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PMID:Possible factors in remote metastases in female breast cancer. 93 44

One hundred and seventy-eight patients underwent surgical therapy for oral and cervical cancers from 1964 to 1975. About 25 percent of the patients underwent neck dissection and/or "pull-through" procedures. However, majority of patients required a spectrum of reconstructive techniques extending from marginal mandibulectomy with or without skin flaps (39), partial mandibulectomy with immediate prosthetic mandible reconstruction (36), to extended resections with skin flaps or staged reconstructive procedures (48). The advantages and disadvantages of each reconstructive procedure have been observed and a scheme of graded management has been developed. The therapeutic goal is to maximize functional oral reconstruction without compromising tumor cure. There were two operative deaths--one from myocardial infarction after operation and one from halothane hepatitis. The tumors were grouped according to TNM classification. In the follow-up of the 178 patients, 47 per cent are known to be alive and free of tumor. The better results (greater than 70% free of tumor) are in the group with smaller tumors (less than 2 cm.) and no node involvement, and there are less favorable rates for those patients with larger tumors and nodal metastasis or invasion of adjacent structures. There was a 49 percent 2 year survival rate and 12 of the deaths were from nontumor causes. Ninety percent of these patients smoked more than one pack of cigarettes per day, accounting for the high rate of synchronous or subsequent oroairway cancers (7 percent). Seventy-five percent were considered to be "heavy alcoholics" with evidence of cirrhotic liver disease. These two factors significantly decreased the survival from rate 54 to 47 percent. The series shows that planned primary reconstructive surgery can be done at a low risk, that it can enhance resectability of head and neck cancers, and that it does improve oral function after operation.
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PMID:Application of contemporary reconstructive techniques in head and neck surgery for anterior oral-facial cancers. 96 4

An example of Kaposi's sarcoma with primary involvement of lymph nodes is reported. The patient, a woman, was admitted because of generalized lymphadenopathy and anemia. She was also known to have congestive heart failure of rheumatic origin. SMA-12 screening disclosed hypercalcemia on several occasions during her hospitalization. Levels of circulating parathormone and prostaglandins E2 and F were markedly increased. Total bone scan was negative for involvement by tumor. Electronmicroscopic examination of an involved lymph node disclosed secretory bodies in the cytoplasm of malignant cells and other cells, with clear indication of endothelial origin. The rarity of Kaposi's sarcoma with primary lymph nodal involvement in the United States is discussed. So far as is known by the authors, no example of Kaposi's sarcoma has been associated with hypercalcemia due to ectopic endocrine production.
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PMID:Primary Kaposi's sarcoma of lymph nods. 99 71

A case of desseminated alveolar rhabdomyosarcoma in an 18-year-old male with leuco-erythroblastic anaemia is described. Numerous bizarre malignant cells, including frequent multinucleated giant cells, were seen in bone marrow aspirates, and osteolytic lesions appeared late in the clinical course. The primary site of the neoplasm remained undertermined during life and also at necropsy, which revealed minute pulmonary metastases and extensive lymph nodal, pleural and skeletal deposits. The diagnosis was confirmed on necropsy tissue by ultrastructural examination which demonstrated numerous thin (5 nm) and thick (15 nm) intracytoplasmic filaments in tumour cells, sometimes organized in bundles; scattered dense Z-band-like bodies, and rod-shaped structures were also seen. The fine structure of the rhabdomyosarcoma in the present case is compared with previous ultrastructural studies. Elongated, thick intracytoplasmic filaments whose diameter corresponds to that of myosin myofilaments are strong evidence for rhabdomyoblastic differentiation and are considered to be the sine qua non of a positive electron microscopic diagnosis of rhabdomyosarcoma. Orgaized bundles of filaments and Z-band-like dense bodies are usually present, and rod-shaped structures are found infrequently, but none of these are necessary for the ultrastructural diagnosis.
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PMID:Bone marrow metastases in disseminated alveolar rhabdomyosarcoma: case report with ultrastructural study and review. 101 51

Thirty patients with operable epidermoid carcinoma of the head and neck were treated with intravenous high dose methotrexate and leucovorin rescue prior to resection. Their clinical courses were compared with those of thirty randomly selected patients matched for tumors site and clinical stage who were treated by surgery alone. No medical or surgical complications associated with methotrexate were encountered. An objective decrease in tumor size (primary lesion or nodal metastases) was noted prior to resection in twenty-three patients (77 per cent). The number of recurrences in the two groups was similar. However, these was a significantly greater disease-free interval in the methotrexate-treated patients (p less than 0.05). No significant differences in survival have been noted to date between the two groups. In view of the absence of complications, the regressions in tumor size, and the increase in postoperative disease-free interval in this trial, evaluation as preoperative adjuvants of higher doses of methotrexate and of other chemotherapeutic agents in combination with methotrexate appears warranted.
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PMID:High dose methotrexate as a preoperative adjuvant in the treatment of epidermoid carcinoma of the head and neck. A feasibility study and clinical trial. 108 Sep 61

The inadequacies of traditional methods for control of advanced oral carcinomas at their sites of origin prompted evaluation of combined chemotherapy and cryosurgery in seventy-three patients treated since 1969. Our experience with thirty-nine unlikely candidates for salvage by other therapy is the subject of this report. The majority had recurrent disease after other therapy. The observed morbidity potential of combined chemotherapy and cryosurgery with earlier experience led to abbreviations and refinements of method that are described and consist mainly of the following. (1) A two day postcryosurgical infusion (intra-arterial) of 5-fluorouracil (1 gm per twenty-four hours, or less) in lieu of methotrexate, the systemic toxicity and therapeutic efficacy of which seem less predictable with cryosurgery. (2) Electrosurgical subtotal tumor resection at the time of initial cryosurgery to reduce swelling and magnitude of in situ tissue slough. (3) Use of a flexible copper mesh cryoprobe that enhances feasibility of in-depth wide field cryosurgery. (4) Systematic use of multiple marginal wound biopsies as a principal guide to repetitive cryosurgery or other therapeutic adjunct selection. A special warning that available toxicologic data for independent drug therapy may not be applicable in patients after cryosurgery is given. Current experience indicates that negative biopsy after such combined therapy may be 85 per cent reliable in foretelling lesion outcome. Among the thirty-nine patients reported, twenty remain alive from six months to six years, only two of whom have clinically evident recurrent disease. If such could be reasonably accomplished, comparative evaluation of single methods should precede attempts to combine two or more modes of therapy. Since neither chemotherapy nor cryosurgery, as known today, can eliminate nodal metastases, each must be regarded as potentially adjunctive to other methods for achieving the ultimate goal of a cancer-free patient. It is within this context that combined chemotherapy and cryosurgery have been applied to unfavorable candidates for cure with seemingly worthwhile gains. Potential applicability for patients with less formidable stages of disease cannot be extrapolated from this experience. Large scale controlled clinical trials must provide the ultimately conclusive test of efficacy for such combined forms of therapy before decisive revision of traditional standards of practice might result.
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PMID:Combined chemotherapy and cryosurgery for oral cancer. 108 43

Surface immunoglobulins were determined on human lymph node lymphocytes by the use of immunofluorescence technique in 59 breast cancer patients undergoing radical mastectomy. In 10 of these cases, lymphocyte surface immunoglobulins were also studied on lymphocytes infiltrating the primary cancer mass. The most outstanding finding was a difference between the IgM lymphocyte populations in the lymph nodes of patients with and without lymph node metastases. When cancer tissue was present in one or more lymph nodes, the tumor-free as well as the tumor-positive nodes showed a higher percentage of IgM positive lymphocytes than did lymph nodes from patients without nodal metastases. The greatest difference was found when IgM lymphocytes from tumor-bearing lymph nodes were compared with those from the lymph nodes of patients without nodal metastases (p is less than .005). The lymphocyte populations infiltrating 5 of the 10 primary cancer masses studied showed no surface immunoglobulins; in the remainder, both IgG and IgM positive lymphocytes were found but in variable proportions. While the findings are not definitive, this is the first study dealing with the quantitation of immunoglobulin specific lymphocytes in the lymph nodes and tumor tissue of patients with breast cancer.
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PMID:Surface immunoglobulin positive lymphocytes in human breast cancer tissue and homolateral axillary lymph nodes. 108 36


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