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Query: UMLS:C0027651 (tumor)
 685,946 document(s) hit in 31,850,051 MEDLINE articles (0.00 seconds)

Using the avidin-biotin complex immunoperoxidase technique and antibodies to myoglobin, desmin, CLA, NSE, GFAP, keratin, fibronectin, alpha 1AT, lysozyme, S-100 protein, vimentin, cytokeratin, actin, the authors studied 60 cases of rhabdomyosarcoma (RMS) histopathologically diagnosed previously. Thirty-six cases showed both myoglobin and desmin positive stain, an objective evidence of the origin from skeletal muscles. The other 24 cases were identified as of non-skeletal muscle origin, including MFH, lymphoma, melanoma, neuroblastoma, malignant neurilemmoma, leiomyosarcoma etc. This study strongly suggests that histologic examination of RMS may lead to incorrect diagnosis. Histologically MFH and other types of spindle cell sarcomas invading normal skeletal muscles may be confused with pleomorphic RMS, lymphoma and neuroblastoma may be confused with embryonic RMS. Our findings indicate that myoglobin is a highly sensitive and specific tumor marker for RMS.
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PMID:[Immunohistochemical differential diagnosis of 60 cases of rhabdomyosarcoma]. 166 97

The results summarized above suggest that assembly of fibronectin is a fundamental biological process and that knowledge of the process of assembly may reveal new ways by which cells interact with extracellular molecules. Deposition of a fibronectin matrix seems to be regulated as tightly as synthesis of fibronectin or expression of adhesion receptors for fibronectin and is influenced profoundly by two products of blood coagulation--TGF-beta released from platelets and factor XIII activated by thrombin. Fibronectin assembly may be important in all sorts of physiological and pathophysiological processes. Cell A--for instance, a stromal cell--can influence the behavior of cell B--for instance, a lymphocyte--by assembling fibronectin made by cell C--for instance, a hepatocyte. We hope that the testable models of assembly presented in this paper will lead to new understanding of the process of assembly and suggest new modalities for treatment of diseases that result in fibrosis, damaged tissues, and neoplastic growth.
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PMID:Assembly of fibronectin into extracellular matrix. 167 33

We report a case of primary endodermal sinus tumor (EST) of the endometrium in a 42-year-old female. Although numerous extragonadal EST have been reported, primary EST of the endometrium is exceedingly rare. To our knowledge this is the fourth documented case of this nature. The tumor had the typical microscopic features of EST, with papillary, tubular, reticular, and solid growth patterns; occasional Schiller-Duval bodies and many intracellular and extracellular periodic-acid Schiff positive hyaline globules were seen. The neoplastic cells stained positively for alpha-fetoprotein (AFP), alpha-1-antitrypsin (A1AT), cytokeratin, and placental alkaline phosphatase. The globules were positive for AFP, A1AT, albumin, transferrin, and fibronectin. The tumor cells were negative for type IV collagen and the beta subunit of human chorionic gonadotropin (B hcG). Electron microscopic examination showed intracellular and extracellular basement membrane-like material, intracytoplasmic lumina with microvilli, and glycogen. The patient was treated with total abdominal hysterectomy and bilateral salpingo-oophorectomy, followed by four cycles of adjunct chemotherapy (vinblastine, bleomycin, and cisplatinum) repeated every 3 weeks. The serum AFP level was elevated significantly before the surgery and the tumor response was monitored by serial determination of serum AFP level. There was no evidence of recurrence 24 months after surgery.
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PMID:Primary endodermal sinus tumor of the endometrium. A clinicopathologic, immunocytochemical, and ultrastructural study. 168 8

A human malignant melanoma cell line, Melur, secretes several glycoproteins that contain a unique carbohydrate epitope shared by neural cell adhesion molecules and recognized by the monoclonal antibodies HNK-1, L2, and 10C5. In this report, we present evidence that one of the major melanoma glycoproteins containing the HNK-1/10C5 epitope is the cell adhesion molecule, fibronectin, or a fibronectin-like molecule. Melanoma-derived fibronectin was isolated from serum-free conditioned medium by gelatin-Sepharose affinity adsorption and shown to react with monoclonal antibodies HNK-1 and 10C5 in Western blot analysis. HNK-1-containing fibronectin was purified on a gelatin-Sepharose column followed by an affinity column using a monoclonal antibody against the HNK-1 carbohydrate. The purified HNK-1-fibronectin then could be incorporated into the extracellular matrix of hamster fibroblasts in vitro, and such a matrix was detectable using the HNK-1 monoclonal antibody in an immunofluorescence assay. Of the seven neuroectoderm-derived tumor cell lines tested, only the Melur melanoma cell secreted fibronectin containing the HNK-1 carbohydrate. Identification of human neuroectoderm-derived fibronectin as a potential carrier of the HNK-1 carbohydrate suggests a new role for fibronectin in neural development and regeneration, and represents a new model for studying the function of this carbohydrate domain in neural cell adhesion.
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PMID:Human neuroectoderm-derived cell line secretes fibronectin that shares the HNK-1/10C5 carbohydrate epitope with neural cell adhesion molecules. 168 16

Fibronectin polypeptide diversity is generated to a large extent by alternative splicing of the fibronectin primary transcript at three sites: two extra domain exons encoding extra structural repeats and a region of nonhomologous sequence termed the type-III connecting segment (IIICS). A novel double primer extension assay was developed to identify and quantify simultaneously each of the five human IIICS mRNA splicing variants. Expression of the five IIICS variants was analyzed in a variety of human normal and tumor cell types as well as in human liver. Differences in IIICS expression patterns were observed among different cell types, among fibroblasts of different tissue origins, and between comparable normal and transformed cells. The most predominant cell-type-specific differences were in the abundance of the one IIICS- mRNA variant relative to the four IIICS+ variants. The percentage of O variant (IIICS-) mRNAs within the total fibronectin mRNA pool varied between 3 and 17% among tumor cells and between 7 and 46% among normal cells. The O variant composed 57% of the fibronectin mRNA in liver tissue, correlating with the previously described increased abundance of IIICS- polypeptide subunits in plasma fibronectin, compared with those in cellular fibronectins. Additional cell-type-specific changes among the expression levels of the four IIICS+ mRNA variants are consistent with a proposed model in which regulation of an alternative selection of a 3'splice site predominates over regulation of the selection of a 5' splice site in generating specific patterns of IIICS mRNA expression.
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PMID:Cell-type-specific expression of alternatively spliced human fibronectin IIICS mRNAs. 168 96

Somatic cell hybrids between MCF-7 human breast cancer cells and normal immortalized human mammary epithelial cells have been obtained by polyethylene glycol-mediated cell fusion. The hybrid cells are suppressed in their ability to form tumors in nude mice, as well as in traits specific to the tumorigenic MCF-7 parent: growth factor independence, tumor necrosis factor sensitivity, and pS2 gene expression. In addition, they display other characteristics of the "normal" parent, including increased expression relative to the MCF-7 cells of the genes for the extracellular matrix component fibronectin, the intermediate filament keratin 5, and the angiogenesis inhibitor thrombospondin. The levels of keratins 8 and 18 also resemble those of the nontumorigenic parent. These results provide evidence for the existence of tumor suppressor gene products in immortal mammary epithelial cells. We propose a characteristic "suppressed" tumor cell phenotype, which encompasses altered cytoarchitecture, angiogenesis capabilities, and growth factor requirements.
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PMID:Suppression of tumor-forming ability and related traits in MCF-7 human breast cancer cells by fusion with immortal mammary epithelial cells. 169 Apr 27

The value of immunocytochemistry and nucleolar organizer regions (NORs) for the histogenetic identification and the estimation of the proliferative potential of brain tumors was assessed by the investigation of imprint smears of 51 neurosurgical tumor specimens. A panel of five monoclonal antibodies was used to cover a broad range of immunohistochemical markers. For the assessment of NORs, a silver staining technique (AgNOR) was used. NORs were enumerated and measured by means of an interactive image analysis system. The immunocytochemical results were similar for the smears and paraffin-embedded sections for 95.6% of the investigations performed and for 76.2% of the cases. Glial fibrillary acidic protein (GFAP) was positive in 9 of 17 tumors of glial origin, but was negative in 9 metastatic tumors. Vimentin was positive in 10 of 10 and fibronectin in 9 of 10 meningiomas investigated. The number of NORs increased steadily with the increasing grade of malignancy. Especially in glioblastomas, the number of NORs per cell exhibited a wide range, which might reflect the heterogeneity of these neoplasms. Metastases revealed a higher number of NORs per cell than did glioblastomas. In the cytologic differential diagnosis of these tumors, an absence of GFAP expression combined with a high NOR count is suggestive of a metastatic tumor.
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PMID:Assessment of histogenesis and proliferative potential in cytologic specimens of human brain tumors. Value of immunocytochemistry and nucleolar organizer regions. 169 1

We have investigated the anti-angiogenic effect of a polymeric peptide based on the Arg-Gly-Asp (RGD) core sequence of fibronectin as a monomer unit, i.e., poly(RGD), in syngeneic mice and in vitro. Single intratumoral administration of poly(RGD) on day 0, 1 or 7 after tumor implantation achieved a significant reduction of B16-BL6 melanoma colonization in the lungs, but did not affect the size of the primary tumor at the time of amputation. The number of capillary blood vessels oriented toward the tumor mass increased during the early growth phase after the intradermal inoculation of the tumor. Poly(RGD) significantly inhibited the formation of tumor neovascularization when co-injected with the tumor cells or separately injected intratumorally or intravenously on day 1 or 3 after tumor inoculation. This inhibitory effect of poly(RGD) was dose-dependent. Poly(RGD) was able to inhibit the haptotactic migration of endothelial cells along a gradient of substratum-immobilized fibronectin but not laminin. Tumor-conditioned medium (CM) by itself did not act as a chemoattractant when it was added in the lower compartment of a Transwell chamber, but promoted the endothelial cell migration to immobilized fibronectin or laminin. Poly(RGD) inhibited the enhanced cell migration to fibronectin but not to laminin in response to CM. Thus, poly(RGD)-mediated inhibition of tumor metastasis may be partly due to the inhibition of tumor-induced angiogenesis at primary and secondary sites.
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PMID:Inhibition of tumor angiogenesis by a synthetic cell-adhesive polypeptide containing the Arg-Gly-Asp (RGD) sequence of fibronectin, poly(RGD). 169 94

Clonal cell lines were derived from rat liver epithelial cells following their transformation with either v-raf or v-raf/v-myc. Cells transformed with v-raf alone showed reduced tumor incidence and tumor growth rates when implanted into nude mice, compared to cells also expressing the v-myc oncogene. A series of additional clones isolated from a tumor obtained following inoculation of an athymic nude mouse with the v-raf-transformed rat liver epithelial cells displayed an intermediate range of tumor aggressiveness. These findings indicate that unknown genotypic and/or phenotypic changes occur during tumor formation in vivo, which are required in addition to raf activation for complete expression of the malignant phenotype. This in vitro model of tumor progression was used to examine alterations in the expression of genes related to the growth control of liver epithelial cells, which may be involved in the malignant conversion of the preneoplastic cells. A close association was observed between the increased level of expression of the transforming growth factors alpha and beta 1, the decreased expression of extracellular matrix proteins fibronectin and collagen I, and the tumor aggressiveness (latency/growth rate), suggesting a causal role for these factors in the progression of v-raf-transformed rat liver epithelial cells to the fully malignant phenotype.
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PMID:Expression of growth-related genes during tumor progression in v-raf-transformed rat liver epithelial cells. 170 45

The effect of antimetastatic sulfated chitin derivatives (SCM-chitin III) on angiogenesis induced by B16-BL6 cells was examined in syngeneic mice. SCM-chitin III caused a marked decrease of the number of vessels toward tumor mass (angiogenic response) without affecting the tumor cell growth when coinjected with tumor cells (on day 0), or injected into tumor site on day 1 or 3 after tumor inoculation. In contrast, carboxymethyl chitin as well as heparin had no effect. Invasion of endothelial cells through reconstituted basement membrane (Matrigel) toward tumor-conditioned media was significantly inhibited by SCM-chitin III in a Transwell chamber assay. SCM-chitin III also inhibited the haptotactic migration of endothelial cells to fibronectin-substrate, but did not inhibit the chemotactic activity in tumor conditioned media in vitro. SCM-chitin III did not directly affect the viability and the growth of tumor cells and endothelial cells in vitro. These results suggest that inhibition of lung tumor metastasis by SCM-chitin III may in part be due to the inhibition of tumor-associated angiogenesis.
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PMID:Inhibition of tumor-induced angiogenesis by sulfated chitin derivatives. 170 32


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