Gene/Protein Disease Symptom Drug Enzyme Compound
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Query: UMLS:C0027651 (tumor)
 685,946 document(s) hit in 31,850,051 MEDLINE articles (0.00 seconds)

Recent studies have revealed a role for platelets and the platelet-adhesive proteins, fibronectin and von Willebrand factor (vWF) in platelet-tumor cell interaction in vitro and metastasis in vivo. The present report documents the effect of thrombin treatment of platelets on this interaction in vitro and in vivo. In vitro, thrombin at 100-1,000 mU/ml maximally stimulated the adhesion of six different tumor cell lines from three different species two- to fivefold. As little as 1-10 mU/ml was effective. The effect of thrombin was specific (inhibitable by hirudin, dansyl-arginine N-(3-ethyl-1,5 pentanediyl) amide and unreactive with the inactive thrombin analogue N-P-tosyl-L-phenylchloromethylketone-thrombin and D-phenylalanyl-L-propyl-L-arginine chloromethylketone-thrombin (PPACK-thrombin), and required high-affinity thrombin receptors (competition with PPACK-thrombin but not with N-P-tosyl-L-lysine-chloromethyl-ketone-thrombin). Functionally active thrombin was required on the platelet surface. Binding of tumor cells to thrombin-activated platelets was inhibitable by agents known to interfere with the platelet GPIIb-GPIIIa integrin: monoclonal antibody 10E5, tetrapeptide RGDS and gamma chain fibrinogen decapeptide LGGAKQAGDV, as well as polyclonal antibodies against the platelet adhesive ligands, fibronectin and vWF. In vivo, thrombin at 250-500 mU per animal increased murine pulmonary metastases fourfold with CT26 colon carcinoma cells and 68-413-fold with B16 amelanotic melanoma cells. Thus, thrombin amplifies tumor-platelet adhesion in vitro two- to fivefold via occupancy of high-affinity platelet thrombin receptors, and modulation of GPIIb-GPIIIa adhesion via an RGD-dependent mechanism. In vivo, thrombin enhances tumor metastases 4-413-fold with two different tumor cell lines.
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PMID:Thrombin stimulates tumor-platelet adhesion in vitro and metastasis in vivo. 184 69

A systematic study of the conjugation of 1-(p-isothiocyanatophenyl)-1,2-dicarba-closo-[2-3H]dodeca borane(12), 3H-1, and 7-(p-isothiocyanatophenyl)dodecahydro-7,8-dicarba-nido -[8-3H] undecaborate(1-)ion, 3H-2, to the murine monoclonal anti-CSAp antibody, Mu-9, was carried out to compare charged and uncharged boron cages in their effect upon antibody loading. Approximately one neutral cage and four of the anionic cages were successfully linked to antibody in two separate conjugates which were subsequently radioiodinated and evaluated in vivo. No significant loss of the antibody or its immunoreactivity was observed in either case. In nude mice bearing GW-39 tumor xenografts the conjugate containing the anionic carborane derivative showed a reduced tumor uptake although the tumor:non-tumor ratio was similar to that of the native antibody. The carborane cage in 2 was radiolabeled with 125I followed by attempts to purify and conjugate product 4 to a model goat IgG protein. This exploratory conjugation study was undertaken as a prelude to linking new conjugation reagents, which contain multiple anionic boron cages, to antitumor antibodies. The latter conjugates are required to maximize boron loading for the purpose of neutron-capture therapy.
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PMID:Conjugation of phenyl isothiocyanate derivatives of carborane to antitumor antibody and in vivo localization of conjugates in nude mice. 186 12

We hypothesized that differential housing, shown to influence emotionality and health in infectious and neoplastic disease, would influence onset/incidence of diabetes in an autoimmune animal model of insulin-dependent diabetes mellitus (IDDM). Non-obese diabetic mice were assigned to same-sex groups of one, five, or eight animals/cage, counterbalanced across shelf level by sex and group. During weekly urine glucose testing, presence of behaviors indicating emotional arousal was recorded. Sex, group, and shelf level affected emotionality: males, animals housed alone, and those on the top of the rack exhibited higher emotionality. Emotionality and shelf level predicted IDDM in females only. Delayed onset of IDDM was associated with high emotionality and with being housed on the top of the rack. Group size had no significant effect on IDDM. Emotionality may be a mediating factor in animals genetically predisposed to develop IDDM. This variable and cage shelf level should be incorporated into the design of studies in which IDDM is the outcome.
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PMID:Group size, cage shelf level, and emotionality in non-obese diabetic mice: impact on onset and incidence of IDDM. 188 12

Although mucins have been studied at the biochemical and biophysical level for some time, attempts to define their structures in detail were only partially successful because of their size and complexity. The advent of monoclonal antibodies reactive with these molecules introduced a new approach to structural studies by defining antigenic epitopes, by allowing purification of the mucin molecules by affinity chromatography, and by providing a means to clone genes coding for the core proteins. By their profile of reactivity with the normal and cancer-associated mucin in a particular tissue, the antibodies also defined a difference in the mucin derived from the two sources. It is now clear that this difference lies in the carbohydrate side chains, as the core proteins are identical. Because the mucins are tumor-associated antigens and the cancer mucins can express epitopes that are relatively tumor specific, this family of molecules is now being intensively studied. There is also considerable interest in elucidating the normal function of the mucin and in determining whether, through an altered structure, this function is subverted in malignancy. In the next few years we should expect that the structure of other mucins will be defined in the same detail as the product of the MUC1 gene. We should also expect to see the continued application of mucin-reactive antibodies in the clinic and the investigation of mucins as agents for immunotherapy of some cancers. As to the function(s) of these molecules, perhaps we will learn enough in the future to make a critical reappraisal of the name.
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PMID:Structure and biology of a carcinoma-associated mucin, MUC1. 189 26

The Authors describe a case of chest wall hamartoma, very rare in infants and usually present at birth. This lesion, histologically, is benign. Surgical ablation is mandatory and curative, but the ablation of the tumor and the reconstruction of the large residual parietal defect are sometimes very difficult. In this case the surgical treatment was successful and the reconstruction of the thoracic cage was obtained with a particular surgical technique.
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PMID:[Chondroid hamartoma of the thoracic wall: apropos of a case treated by extensive surgical exeresis]. 189 84

Interleukin-2 (IL2), as a modifier of the biological response, has been intravenously used in patients with advanced cancer associated or not to LAK cells or tumor infiltrating lymphocytes. In different neoplasias positive results have been obtained, being effective in melanoma and renal cancer. There are still, at present, many questions to be answered and multiple research lines are currently open. The association with other cytokines and new chemotherapy protocols grant new therapeutic possibilities.
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PMID:[Interleukin-2 and adoptive immunotherapy: their biological aspects and clinical application in oncology]. 189 96

Nude mice were inoculated with CHO/IFN-gamma cells, a line of Chinese hamster ovary tumor cells, that had been genetically engineered to produce murine IFN-gamma. Severe cachexia, as evident from body weight loss and reduced food intake, occurred in these mice, but not in those injected with CHO/control cells, i.e. the original, non-IFN-gamma-producing line. The essential role of IFN-gamma in the pathogenesis of cachexia was confirmed by the demonstration that monoclonal antibodies (MAbs) against IFN-gamma, given prior to injection of the tumor cells, prevented cachexia. In addition to IFN-gamma, the presence of the tumor cells was also required for cachexia to develop. As evident from pair-feeding experiments, reduced food intake could only partially account for the rapid and extensive body-weight loss. Cachexia was characterized by a marked reduction in the amount of interscapular fat tissue. Injected tumor cells exclusively invaded intraperitoneal adipose tissue and elicited an inflammatory cell infiltrate, indicating that interscapular fat loss was due to humoral factors. Our data suggest that, among the humoral factors responsible for cancer-associated cachexia, IFN-gamma plays a prominent role.
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PMID:Severe cachexia in mice inoculated with interferon-gamma-producing tumor cells. 190 42

The mutagenic and carcinogenic properties of fission-spectrum neutrons (KERMA-weighted mean energy of 0.85 MeV) from Argonne National Laboratory's JANUS reactor are substantially greater than those of low-LET radiation sources such as X-ray and 60Co photons. However, in contrast to the vast amount of work focused on chemical protection against damage induced by low-LET radiation, studies on the prevention of carcinogenic damage induced by fission neutrons have been limited. We have investigated the protective properties of the thiophosphorate compound S-3-(3-methylaminopropylamino)propylphosphorothioic acid (WR-151327) against carcinogenesis and life shortening in the B6CF1 hybrid mouse strain. Male and female mice, 200 of each sex per experimental group, were irradiated individually at 110 days of age. WR-151327 was administered intraperitoneally at a dose of 580 mg/kg 30 min prior to irradiation with a dose of 10 cGy. Animals were housed five to a cage; cage locations in holding rooms were controlled by computer and randomized. Mice were checked daily and all deceased animals were necropsied. A neutron dose of 10 cGy significantly altered the patterns of death of male and female animals compared to corresponding unirradiated control groups (logrank P values of 0.01 and 0.07, respectively). This was evidenced by a shortening of the life span due to tumor induction in the irradiated groups. WR-151327, when administered 30 min prior to irradiation, effectively protected both male and female animals from these effects. The life curves of irradiated male and female animals and those of corresponding unirradiated control groups were not significantly different (logrank P values of 0.63 and 0.25, respectively).
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PMID:Protection by WR-151327 against late-effect damage from fission-spectrum neutrons. 192 38

The UM-E7 monoclonal antibody raised against the UM-SCC-I human squamous cell carcinoma (SCC) cell line identifies a cell surface antigen that is strongly expressed in normal tissues. The locus (MICI) controlling the expression of E7 and related cell surface antigens has been mapped to chromosome band 11p13. This band has been identified as a region of cancer-associated aberrations and as the probable locus of a tumor suppressor gene. Although E7 antigen expression is strong in normal keratinocytes, it varies among squamous carcinoma cell lines. Some SCC lines (12/26) exhibit weak expression of the E7 antigen, whereas other SCC cell lines (14/26) and 21 cell lines from other tumor types express the antigen strongly. On the basis of these observations and of mapping data, we postulated that low E7 antigen expression in a subset of SCC cell lines might be associated with chromosomal rearrangement or deletion involving the E7 locus on 11p. Fully evaluable karyotypes were prepared from 19 SCC cell lines, including 11 with weak and eight with strong E7 expression. Eight of the 11 lines with weak E7 expression had 11p abnormalities. Four of these contained 11p deletions, and four others had a breakpoint in 11p. In contrast, none of the cell lines in the group with strong E7 expression had an 11p deletion, although one had a rearrangement with an 11p breakpoint. In the four tumors with visible 11p deletions, the smallest region of overlap corresponded to the 11p13-p14 region. The mean log10 50% endpoint E7 titer in the group with 11p deletions or breakpoints was nearly two orders of magnitude lower than that of the lines with no 11p abnormality (1.95 +/- 0.53) (P less than 0.02). Our results indicate that the UM-E7 antibody identifies tumors with 11p13-p14 deletions and other 11p rearrangements and that the 11p region is a site of nonrandom chromosome rearrangement in a subset of human squamous cancers. The strong association of loss of antigen expression with visible 11p deletion or rearrangement in some tumors suggests that other tumors with this phenotype may contain submicroscopic lesions of 11p13-p14.
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PMID:11p deletions and breakpoints in squamous cell carcinoma: association with altered reactivity with the UM-E7 antibody. 195 93

A new human gastric cancer cell line (OCUM-1), which was derived from Borrmann type IV tumor of the stomach, was established. The cell line grew sometimes singly and sometimes in clusters, and continued to grow for more than 3 years. It's doubling time was 33.2 hours, chromosomal mode was 50, and nuclear DNA ploidy pattern was diploid. The cells could grow in nude mice. It produced carcinoembryonic antigen, carbohydrate antigen 19-9, and cancer-associated antigen SPan-1 and expressed epidermal growth factor receptor. Supplementation of epidermal growth factor to culture medium increased the cell number statistically significantly. It was decreased by supplementation of chondroitin sulphate. So the cell line OCUM-1 might be useful for the study of gastric cancer, especially Borrmann type IV gastric cancer.
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PMID:[Establishment and characterization of a new gastric cancer cell line (OCUM-1), derived from Borrmann type IV tumor]. 196 Nov 83


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