Gene/Protein Disease Symptom Drug Enzyme Compound
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Query: UMLS:C0027651 (tumor)
 685,946 document(s) hit in 31,850,051 MEDLINE articles (0.00 seconds)

Certain cancer-associated substances are useful in the diagnosis and management of cancer. We have found that the estimation of serum alpha-fetoprotein and beta-human chorionic gonadotropin in patients with testicular tumors is useful. Of 17 patients with germ cell testicular tumors found to have elevated serum markers 3 had seminoma of the testis and all 3 had elevated beta-human chorionic gonadotropin. It is not possible, however, to correlate the histology of testicular tumors and the type of serum markers. All of our patients with elevated markers had active tumor. However, 3 patients with metastatic deposits in the para-aortic lymph nodes did not have elevated serum markers.
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PMID:Serum markers in testicular tumors. 8 96

A technique was developed for continuous iv infusion chemotherapy in an inbred rat model of acute myelogenous leukemia. Polyethylene tubing was inserted surgically into the internal jugular vein of adult WF rats, burrowed sc to the base of the tail, and connected to an infusion pump. A flexible spring was sutured at the base of the tail and fastened to the cage wall; it protected the infusion catheter and allowed movement of the rat within the cage. This technique was used to compare bolus with continuous infusion therapy with adriamycin, cytosine arabinoside, and neocarzinostatin. Only small differences were noted in host toxicity and in antitumor effect against tumor grown as a subcutaneous myeloblastoma. Nearly three times more neocarzinostatin was required by continuous infusion for an effect equivalent to that of bolus injection. In contrast, continuous infusion of methotrexate with concurrent thymidine infusion prevented toxicity, enhanced the antitumor effect, and prolonged survival. This infusion system should facilitate rapid preclinical evaluation of drugs considered for constant iv infusion therapy.
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PMID:Technique for preclinical evaluation of continuous infusion chemotherapy with the use of WF rat acute myelogenous leukemia. 15 52

Evidence has been presented for prostaglandin-mediated hypercalcemia and bone resorption in malignancies of both, experimental animals and man. Occurence of hypercalcemia in cancer patients is known for a long time, but its pathogenesis has been poorly understood so far. Besides ectopic parathyroid hormone secretion by tumors, an osteoclast-activating factor released from leukocytes and direct bone destruction by tumor cells, prostaglandins of the E series have to be considered as one of the candicates involved in the pathomechanism of hypercalcemia and osteoclastic osteolysis in cancer patients. This new concept on the pathophysiology of cancer-associated hypercalcemia has implications for the diagnosis and management of this common complication of neoplastic disease.
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PMID:Prostaglandin-mediated hypercalcemia: a paraneoplastic syndrome. 20 5

Rarity of placental metastasis is only apparent, for only few placentas of cancerous mothers have been examined histologically. However, it may show biological and immunological conditions which are characteristics of foeto-placental unit. During metastatic spread of solid tumors or hematologic malignancies in the mother, tumor emboli may be localized in intervillous spaces, without being real placental metastasis. Rarely tumor emboli are able to invade the struma of chorionic villi and produce true placental metastases: twelve such observations have been published, seven of which were malignant melanomas. It is even more exceptional that metastatic spread reaches the foetus. In most of the cases, it is thus protected against maternal cancer. This historical observation holds true. The fear of transplacental graft to the foetus is not an argument favorable of terminating a cancer associated pregnancy and foetal metastasis of maternal origin are not among the causes of congenital cancers in children.
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PMID:[Placental metastasis (author's transl)]. 46 47

When an aggressive tumor develops in a flat muscle near the thoracic cage the question may arise as to how achieve an adequate margin on the deep side of the tumor. This is especially the case if the tumor has recurred after a previous non-radical operation. A method is described by which the external thoracic fascia, the external intercostal musculature, and the periosteum on the external surface of the ribs can be included in the specimen as a continuous wall of healthy tissue on the deep side of the tumor. This technique has been used in 11 patients, 9 of whom had undergone one or more inadequate operations earlier. Eight patients had a malignant tumor, three an extra-abdominal desmoid. In one of the latter patients, in whom a recurrent tumor was adherent to rib periosteum, the method was unsuitable. In the other patients the method appears to have been adequate for local control of the tumor.
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PMID:Extirpation of tumors located near the thoracic cage. A method for increasing the margin of healthy tissue on the deep side of the tumor. 60 49

Comparative analyses of the development rate of a slow Tumor (Methylcholanthrene) in mice were undertaken under conditions of a) an electrostatic field (Field strength 200 V/m, Residual sinus component 0.1%), b) a Faraday cage (Shielding effectivity on atmospheric electrical disturbances: 99%) and c) a laboratory, climatized with conventional methods. The tumor was initiated in each case following a 6-week acclimatisation period to the unaccustomed surroundings. Following this, we observed the appearance rates over a period of 8 months at 14-day intervals. Under customary laboratory conditions these were perceptibly higher than in the electrostatic field or in the Faraday cage. No difference was apparent between the two latter conditions. Any variations in the electrobioclimatological environment can lead to stress reactions resulting in familiar consequences to various defense mechanisms. This allows us to find an explanation for the results otherwise difficult to interpret; for both in the electrostatic field and under shielding from external electrical influences the neoplastic activity was obviously reduced in comparison to normally climatized laboratory conditions. We are continuing the experiments.
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PMID:[The development of methylcholanthrene-tumors in mice under the environmental influence of various electrobioclimatological conditions (author's transl)]. 91 May 83

An economical and easy to learn method of record-keeping was developed which utilizes standard office supply 3 5 cards for cage cards and central office records. The method developed has been used to maintain all records of a mouse colony of 18 inbred strains and substrains for 9 yr. With this system, detailed pedigrees, postmortem data, tumor incidence, and average age are available in minutes.
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PMID:Record-keeping for a colony of 15,000 mice without use of a computer. 96 3

If the newborn of a socially organized CBA/USC mouse colony are regularly removed (force breeding), the social order breaks dowm. There is fighting among the males and the young are lost due to neglect and injury by the females (cronism). A high incidence of mammary tumor formation is observed during the disorder of such formerly socialized groups. In the pilot study being reported, force breeding initiated at the sixth month of colony life eventually at the ninth month led to fighting and the loss of young by cronism. All 12 female colony members developed tumors during the subsequent 5 months. Meanwhile, tumors developed in only 8% of the same age Study Siblings and in 46% of Study Breeders maintained under rapid breeding conditions. Force breeding is a knowm moderately effective tumorigenic technique. Since tumors did not occur in the population cage until its social system broke down, this suggests that the combination of force breeding and social disorder-induced neuroendocrine changes is peculiarly favorable to tumor development.
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PMID:Force breeding, social disorder and mammary tumor formation in CBA/USC mouse colonies: a pilot study. 123 47

Rhodium(II) acetate has been shown to have carcinostatic activity in Swiss mice bearing Ehrlich ascites tumors. For metabolic studies, single therapeutic doses of rhodium(II) [1-14C]acetate that had been given i.p. implantations 3 days previously of 50-fold 10(6) Ehrlich ascites tumor cells. The tissue distribution and excretion of the rhodium (measured by atomic absorption spectrometry) and the acetate (measured by 14C label) were followed at designated time intervals up to 24 hr after injection. Rhodium(II) acetate, a neutral cage complex, breaks down to rhodium and acetate ionic species within 2 hr after i.p. injection, as measured by the rapid exhalation of 14CO2. Both the rhodium and 14C label disappear rapidly from the ascites fluid, with a small but variable amount of each species being incorporated into the tumor cells. Both species were detected mainly in the blood plasma, and the primary organ of deposition was the liver. No measurable quantity of rhodium was found in the brain tissue. During the first 24 hr following drug administration, only 5% rhodium was eliminated in the urine.
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PMID:The metabolism of rhodium(II) acetate in tumor-bearing mice. 127 46

Paraneoplastic neurological syndromes are mostly associated with small cell lung cancer. Lambert-Eaton myasthenic syndrome appears to be caused by anti-presynaptic calcium channel antibodies. Calcium channels are also present in the cell membrane of small cell lung cancer, which may trigger the formation of anti-calcium channel antibodies. It is the most convincing argument in support of the auto-immune paraneoplastic theory, which refers to cross-antigenicity. Serum of patients with small cell carcinoma and cancer-associated retinopathy contains immunoglobulins against several antigens in the retinal and tumor cells. Patients with chronic intestinal pseudoobstruction (gastrointestinal neuropathy) associated with small cell lung cancer displayed circulating IgG antibodies reactive with neurons of myenteric plexus (anti-enteric neuronal antibodies). On the other hand, high levels of anti-neuronal antibodies (anti-Hu) have been found in the serum and cerebrospinal fluid of patients suffering from subacute encephalomyelitis (limbic encephalitis, cerebellar degeneration, sensory neuronopathy) associated with small cell lung cancer. The pathogenic role of the anti-neuronal antibody is not well established. Nevertheless, the finding of high titer antineuronal antibody in patients with a suggestive clinical syndrome is of great interest since it confirms the paraneoplastic syndrome and suggests the location of the primary tumor when the cancer is unknown.
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PMID:[Autoimmunity and cancer: paraneoplastic neurological syndromes associated with small cell cancer]. 133 87


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