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Query: UMLS:C0027651 (tumor)
 685,946 document(s) hit in 31,850,051 MEDLINE articles (0.00 seconds)

Ten cases of melanotic neuroectodermal tumor of infancy (MNTI) were studied. There were nine males and one female ranging in age from 2 weeks to 10 months; one patient was 8 years old. Sites of origin were the maxilla (five), epididymis (two), mandible (one), skull (one), and soft tissues of the cheek (one). Six tumors recurred from 1 to 18 months after diagnosis. One patient had widespread dissemination. Electron microscopic study of four cases showed cells with melanosomes at various stages of maturation, and cells with neuroblastic features, including neurosecretory granules and cytoplasmic processes. Nine cases of MNTI were studied immunohistochemically. Small neuroblastic cells and large cells in all cases were reactive for neuron-specific enolase (NSE), synaptophysin, HMB45, and dopamine-beta-hydroxylase, large cells in all cases and few small cells were reactive for cytokeratin (CK) and vimentin (VIM). Epithelial membrane antigen was observed in large cells in three cases, four cases expressed Leu 7 antigen, three were focally positive for glial fibrillary acidic protein, one for desmin, and one for chromogranin. All cases were nonreactive for retinol-binding protein, neurofilaments, alpha-fetoprotein, S-100 protein, and carcinoembryonic antigen. Five normal adult retinas were studied similarly; the pigmented epithelium of the retina was reactive for CK, VIM, HMB45, NSE, and S-100. DNA study, performed in eight tumors, revealed aneuploidy in two (DNA index = 1.7 and 1.8); these cases recurred within 1 month. No differences were observed according to site or behavior. MNTI is a primitive neuroectodermal tumor with polyphenotypic expression of neural and epithelial markers, melanin production, occasional glial, and rhabdomyoblastic differentiation, and no photoreceptor differentiation. It probably represents a dysembryogenetic neoplasm that recapitulates the retina at 5 weeks of gestation.
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PMID:Melanotic neuroectodermal tumor of infancy. A reexamination of a histogenetic problem based on immunohistochemical, flow cytometric, and ultrastructural study of 10 cases. 184 7

A case of a "de novo" ganglioneuroma showing an internal area of malignant nerve sheath tumor is described. The tumor arose in an 18-year-old girl without a history of von Recklinghausen's disease. Immunohistochemically, the ganglioneuromatous component was positive with anti-synaptophysin, anti-S100 protein and anti-vimentin antisera, whereas the malignant part was immunoreactive only with anti-S100 protein and anti-vimentin antisera. The patient is free of disease 4 years after surgery. The clinicopathologic features of this rare case are discussed.
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PMID:Malignant peripheral nerve sheath tumor arising in a "de novo" ganglioneuroma. A case report. 185 Jan 81

A permanent cell line, BO-101, was derived from a classic vermian medulloblastoma in a 9-year-old child. This line grew in vitro in adherent cultures and grew in athymic mice as serially transplantable intracranial and subcutaneous xenografts. Intracranial neoplasms grew as masses of small cells, which focally showed large cells with intense immunoreactivity for desmin, myoglobin and alpha-striated actin. The rhabdomyoblastic nature of these cells was confirmed ultrastructurally. The primary neoplasm showed immunoreactivity for synaptophysin, neuron-specific enolase and vimentin. A large panel of monoclonal antibodies and antisera against neuronal and glial antigens failed to show glial and neuronal immunoreactivity in the cell culture and xenografts. Despite the marked genotypic and phenotypic differences, the original neoplasm and the cell line share a common chromosomal marker del (12) (p 13.1). The BO-101 line differs phenotypically and genotypically from previously established medulloblastoma cell lines and further supports the heterogeneous biologic properties of the cell populations that constitute these neoplasms.
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PMID:Establishment of a human medulloblastoma cell line (BO-101) demonstrating skeletal muscle differentiation. 186 45

Benign clear cell ("sugar") tumor is a rare and most unusual pulmonary neoplasm. Although several reports in the literature have focused on the ultrastructural features of benign clear cell tumor, only a few cases have been formally studied by immunochemistry. Using a broad panel of polyclonal and monoclonal antibodies, five cases were evaluated. In all five cases, there was diffuse immunoreactivity for cathepsin B. Four cases showed immunoreactivity for HMB-45 and for alpha 1-antitrypsin. By two different sources for antivimentin, there was immunoreactivity in four cases (Biogenex, Dublin, Calif) and in two cases (DAKO, Santa Barbara, Calif), respectively. Additional immunoreactivity was present for S100 protein (three cases), HAM-56 (two cases), factor XIIIA (two cases), and neuron-specific enolase (one case). No case expressed immunoreactivity for keratin (AE 1, AE 3, or CAM 5.2), carcinoembryonic antigen, chromogranin, synaptophysin, glial fibrillary acidic protein, or alpha 1-antichymotrypsin. This immunochemical profile suggests that HMB-45, in combination with a variety of immunostains, may serve to distinguish benign clear cell tumor from other clear cell neoplasms.
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PMID:An immunohistochemical study of benign clear cell ('sugar') tumor of the lung. 189 30

The central neurocytoma, a recently identified rare supratentorial brain tumor in young adults, is characterized by intraventricular location and a usually benign clinical course. In order to elucidate the histogenesis and differentiation potential of this neoplasm, we have undertaken an immunocytochemical and molecular biological study of four central neurocytomas. It was found by immunocytochemistry and immunoblotting that all tumors express neuron-specific enolase and synaptophysin. Western blots also revealed expression of the synaptic vesicle protein, synapsin I, neurofilament protein and glial fibrillary acidic protein in several neurocytomas which failed to exhibit immunoreactivity to these marker antigens on paraffin sections. Immunocytochemical reactions with antibodies to synaptophysin and glial fibrillary acidic protein on adjacent sections demonstrated coexpression in individual tumor cells. The neuronal form of the pp60src protein-tyrosine kinase, an oncogene-product specifically expressed in central nervous system neurons, was not detectable in two central neurocytomas investigated. N-myc, a proto-oncogene frequently amplified in childhood neuroblastomas, was present as a single copy gene in all central neurocytomas, indicating that amplification of this gene is not involved in the pathogenesis of the central neurocytoma. In accordance with ultrastructural evidence of synaptogenesis, we conclude that the central neurocytoma is a neuroectodermal tumor with consistent commitment for neuronal differentiation. Since these tumors retain a potential for additional glial differentiation, we propose an origin from bipotential progenitor cells in the periventricular matrix, which in the mammalian brain persists throughout adult life.
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PMID:Histogenesis and differentiation potential of central neurocytomas. 190 27

The gross, histomorphologic, cytochemical, and immunocytochemical findings in 16 dogs with medullary thyroid carcinoma were evaluated. Grossly, the neoplasms were encapsulated, firm, lobulated, and grey-white to tan. The typical histologic pattern was groups or sheets of round to polygonal cells with fibrovascular stroma, which was thickened and hyalinized in places. Variants of clear cell (two dogs), giant cell (one dog), and oxyphil cell (one dog) types were also seen. In all 16 dogs, Grimelius-stained sections of the neoplasms revealed intracytoplasmic silver granules; ten tumors contained amyloid and four contained mucin. Immunohistochemically, the neoplasms reacted to AE1/AE3 (n = 13), S-100 protein (n = 5), neuron specific enolase (n = 14), synaptophysin (n = 11), calcitonin (n = 16), somatostatin (n = 4), gastrin (n = 7), and serotonin (n = 6). Only one neoplasm was positive for vimentin. None of the neoplasms reacted to antibodies for neurofilaments, thyroglobulin, insulin, glucagon, or adrenocorticotrophic hormone. Eleven neoplasms contained multiple (two to four) peptides, in various combinations. It was concluded that in dogs, gross and histologic features can be used to distinguish medullary thyroid carcinoma from other thyroid malignancies. Cytochemical and immunocytochemical studies with neuron specific enolase, synaptophysin, and calcitonin can be used to establish the diagnosis of medullary thyroid carcinoma in dogs.
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PMID:Gross, histologic, cytochemical, and immunocytochemical study of medullary thyroid carcinoma in sixteen dogs. 190 46

The authors present the clinical, histopathologic, and immunomorphologic data of 13 intracranial gangliogliomas. Preoperative computed tomography scans showed a commonly cystic tumor of variable density. Six tumors were completely excised and seven were subtotally resected. After a mean follow-up of 4.5 +/- 2.6 years, 11 patients are asymptomatic or only slightly incapacitated. All tumors were examined with a panel of neuronal and neuroendocrine markers. Immunoreactivity (IR) to anti-neurofilament polypeptide (clone 2F11) was observed in neuronal processes in ten cases and in neuronal perikarya in five. With anti-synaptophysin (clone SY38), IR was present along the lining of ganglion cell perikarya and processes in 11 tumors whereas staining of the perinuclear cytoplasm was prominent in two. IR to anti-chromogranin A (clone LK2H10) was observed within the neuronal perikarya in eight cases. Only one ganglioglioma of the brain stem showed IR for tyrosine-hydroxylase (clone 2/40/15) and dopamine-beta-hydroxylase in some neoplastic ganglion cells. In this study, synaptophysin was the most reliable neuronal marker. For immunocytochemical identification of neoplastic neurons in ganglioglioma as well as other tumors with neuronal differentiation the authors propose a panel of well-characterized monoclonal antibodies against neurofilament polypeptides, synaptophysin, and chromogranin A to support the histomorphologic diagnoses.
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PMID:A clinicopathologic and immunomorphologic study of 13 cases of ganglioglioma. 191 57

Twenty tumors of the peripheral sympathetic nervous system were investigated using a spectrum of antibodies against vimentin, neurofilament triplet, S-100 protein, neuronal specific enolase (NSE), chromogranin, synaptophysin, and vasoactive intestinal polypeptide. There were two ganglioneuromas, seven stroma rich neuroblastomas (composite ganglioneuroblastomas), five undifferentiated and six differentiating stroma poor neuroblastomas (NB) included in the series. Formalin-fixed, paraffin embedded material was used. The results showed that reactivity of the antibodies was relatively high, except the reactivity against synaptophysin. The tumor cell population showed a heterogeneous positivity in all cases. Only some undifferentiated NB were positive with the employed antibodies, which reduces the diagnostic benefit in a group of NB in which diagnostic demands of the immunohistochemistry are most important. The best results in undifferentiated NB were obtained with polyclonal antibody against NSE. This antibody is, however, not specific. Positive results of the immunohistochemistry in this group of tumors should be evaluated with caution.
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PMID:[Tumors of the peripheral sympathetic nervous system in childhood. Immunohistochemical study]. 191 29

A 56-year-old man underwent distal pancreatectomy, splenectomy, and partial resection of the splenic flexure of the colon because of tumor in the tail of pancreas and the splenic hilus. The patient presented with symptoms of general malaise, anorexia, weight loss, mild diarrhea, and borderline diabetes mellitus, although there was no cholelithiasis. The diagnosis remained unclear until immunohistochemical studies of the resected specimen revealed somatostatin and synaptophysin, suggesting a somatostatinoma. Twenty-three reported cases of pancreatic somatostatinoma are reviewed and their clinical features discussed. The role of immunohistochemical studies in the diagnosis of somatostatinoma is described.
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PMID:Pancreatic somatostatinoma: a case report and review of the literature. 196 77

An ovarian strumal carcinoid which synthesized peptide hormones, but did not induce the carcinoid syndrome, was analysed histochemically, immunohistochemically and ultrastructurally. Dot-immunobinding assays were performed in order to determine the endocrine gene expression. The amylase resistant colloid was found to be PAS-positive in the follicular portions of the tumour. Carcinoid cells showed Grimelius positive argyophilic granules in the subnuclear position. The Fontana-Masson argentaffin reaction was negative. Immunohistochemistry for adrenocorticotropic hormone (ACTH) revealed strong reactivity in the follicular areas of the carcinoid. The immunoreactivity for somatotropic release inhibiting factor (SRIF) was found positive in the trabecular portion of the carcinoid tumour, thyroglobulin in the follicles. Neuron-specific enolase, protein S-100 A/B, synaptophysin and chromogranin A evoked weak cytoplasmic immunostaining of the tumor cells. Dot-immunobinding assays substantiated these immunohistochemical results, except for the thermolabile protein S-100 A/B. Electron microscopy of tumor cells showed numerous electron-dense cytoplasmic granules, 250 to 350 nm in diameter, both in follicular and trabecular areas of the tumor. Plasma levels of tumor-associated ACTH, SRIF and thyroglobulin were measured by radioimmunoassay and were found to be within the normal range.
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PMID:Immunochemical and ultrastructural studies of an ovarian strumal carcinoid. 198 59


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