Gene/Protein Disease Symptom Drug Enzyme Compound
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Query: UMLS:C0027651 (tumor)
 685,946 document(s) hit in 31,850,051 MEDLINE articles (0.00 seconds)

Because blood groups and hemoglobin concentration have been associated with the risk of the development of some cancers, this study evaluated the significance of ABO and Rhesus blood groups and hemoglobin concentration as prognostic factors in oral squamous cell carcinoma (SCC). The authors examined all registered primary SCC of buccal and maxillary alveolar mucosa in the Norwegian population between 1963 and 1972. The biopsy specimens from these patients were reevaluated and borderline cases excluded. The remaining 111 cases were included in the study, and features recorded on first admission were included in the survival analyses. ABO and Rhesus blood groups were found in 99 of these patients. Multivariate survival analysis showed that tumor size, hemoglobin concentration, stage, and Rhesus blood groups were significant prognostic factors, but sex, age, treatment, duration of symptoms, ABO blood groups, and clinical appearance of the tumors were not. The prognostic value of Rhesus blood groups and hemoglobin concentration has not been previously reported for oral SCC.
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PMID:A multivariate study of the prognosis of oral squamous cell carcinomas. Are blood group and hemoglobin new prognostic factors? 191 48

Attempts to correct tumor hypoxia with oxygen-carrying solutions have used high concentrations of inspired oxygen (FiO2 100% or 95%). In the clinic, however, obtaining such high levels of FiO2 using mask ventilation in older patients or in children may be difficult. Since lower levels of FiO2 had not been previously tested, we examined the antitumor efficacy of FiO2 levels of 65, 85, and 95% breathed for 1 hr prior to and during irradiation used with the concentrated perfluorochemical emulsion F44E, the less concentrated emulsion, Fluosol-DA, or a new preparation consisting of purified bovine hemoglobin solution, PBHS. When tested in mice bearing the Lewis lung carcinoma with 2, 3, or 4 Gy daily for 5 days, daily Fluosol-DA produced only a small increase in the slope of the tumor growth delay versus irradiation alone, when used with 85% FiO2 (dose modifying factor [DMF] 1.3), but produced a DMF of 2.1 with 95% FiO2. Various concentrations of F44E (2, 4, or 8 g PFC/kg) each required a 95% FiO2 for full effect but the 8 g/kg dose had a discernable effect with an FiO2 of 65% and 85% (DMF 1.25 and 1.30, respectively). For PBHS, in contrast, a DMF of 1.6 was observed at 20% FiO2, but surprisingly this increased further to 2.1 with 95% FiO2. Further investigations of PBHS with irradiation demonstrated that daily administration of PBHS (12 ml/kg) 1 hr before single Xray fractions of 5, 10, 15, or 20 Gy with 20% FiO2 resulted in a DMF of 1.6-1.7 in the FSaIIC fibrosarcoma compared with irradiation alone when ascertained by tumor cell excision assay. These results indicate that to achieve maximum antitumor benefit with these oxygen-carrying solutions with radiation therapy, care must be taken to insure that FiO2 levels near 100% are achieved.
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PMID:Effect of oxygen level on the enhancement of tumor response to radiation by perfluorochemical emulsions or a bovine hemoglobin preparation. 191 27

In a population-based randomized study comparing 150 patients with advanced prostatic cancer treated with orchiectomy or estrogen, some possible prognostic factors were analyzed. The observation period was 78 to 114 months. M category, T category, tumor grade, performance status, pain, prostatic acid phosphatase, sedimentation rate, hemoglobin and serum creatinine level were all statistically significantly related to the interval to progression and to disease-specific death on univariate analyses. Variables that were statistically significant on multivariate analyses were M category, T category, sedimentation rate and patient age. The sedimentation rate predicted the intervals to progression and to disease-specific death, with the relative hazard and 95% confidence interval for the latter end point being 1.018 (range 1.010 to 1.027) for each millimeter increase in sedimentation rate per hour. An analysis that was stratified according to the extent of the disease as measured on a bone scan showed that the sedimentation rate was the only prognostic factor of statistical significance with an estimate of relative hazard of 1.52 if the sedimentation rate was elevated 20 mm. per hour. Progression-free survival but not disease-specific survival was statistically significantly better in the estrogen group (relative hazard 0.47), as assessed by multivariate analysis in which all variables were taken into account.
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PMID:Prognostic factors in progression-free survival and corrected survival in patients with advanced prostatic cancer: results from a randomized study comprising 150 patients treated with orchiectomy or estrogens. 194 84

Three isomeric series of 2-(aryloxy)-2-methylpropionic acids were prepared and studied for their ability to decrease the oxygen affinity of human hemoglobin A. The isomeric aryloxy groups included 4-[[(aryloyl)amino]methyl]phenoxy, 4-(arylacetamido)phenoxy, and 4-[[(arylamino)carbonyl]methyl]phenoxy. A total of 20 compounds were synthesized and tested. Structure-activity relationships are presented. Several of the new compounds were found to be strong allosteric effectors of hemoglobin. The two most active compounds are 2-[4-[[(3,5-dichloroanilino)carbonyl]-methyl]phenoxy]- 2-methylpropionic acid and the corresponding 3,5-dimethyl derivative. The latter two compounds have been compared to other known potent allosteric effectors in the same assay and show greater activity. Both compounds also exhibit a right shift in the oxygen equilibrium curve when incubated with whole blood. The new compounds may be of interest in clinical or biological areas that require or would benefit from a reversal of depleted oxygen supply (i.e., ischemia, stroke, tumor radiotherapy, blood storage, blood substitutes, etc.). They are also structurally related to several marketed antilipidemic agents.
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PMID:Allosteric modifiers of hemoglobin. 1. Design, synthesis, testing, and structure-allosteric activity relationship of novel hemoglobin oxygen affinity decreasing agents. 199 97

To determine the effect of transfusion on the incidence of postoperative infection, a retrospective cohort study of 196 patients who underwent surgery for gastric carcinoma in the period from 1985 through 1989 was carried out. Seventy-one patients (36.2%) developed postoperative septic complications; they had received an average of 4.2 blood units, as compared with 2.7 units received by patients not affected (p less than 0.0053). The hypothesis of dose-response relationship is supported by the Mantel-Haenszel test, as applied to the overall results (p less than 0.01) and the results grouped by duration of operation (p less than 0.02). Furthermore, logistic regression analysis shows transfusion to be an independent risk factor in the incidence of infection (p less than 0.01), as are antibiotic prophylaxis (p less than 0.015), urinary tract catheterization (p less than 0.002), and the duration of surgery (p less than 0.027). This significance is attained after adjustment for age, gender, period of evolution of symptoms; preoperative infection(s), number of white cells, hemoglobin level and total proteins on diagnosis, location of tumor, tumor, nodes, and metastasis staging, operative technique, drainage of the area of operation, enteral nutrition, and the histologic studies and macroscopic appearance of the tumor. This study is further evidence that transfusion may cause an increased incidence of postoperative infection.
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PMID:Relationship of transfusion and infectious complications after gastric carcinoma operations. 199 79

To evaluate the feasibility of using serum iron as a tumor marker for renal cell carcinoma, a retrospective review of serum iron, hemoglobin, hematocrit, mean corpuscular volume and pathology in patients with renal cell carcinoma was carried out. From January 1985 to December 1989, preoperative serum iron was obtained in 82 patients; 27 had stage I, 5 stage II, 23 stage III and 27 had stage IV disease. The serum iron levels (micrograms/dl) were 81.6 +/- 33.2 in stage I, 57.8 +/- 18.9 in stage II, 59.6 +/- 34.6 in stage III and 45.6 +/- 32.7 in stage IV disease, which were significantly lower as compared with the data (114.6 +/- 38.9) of a control group. Postoperative serum iron levels were available in 31 patients following nephrectomy and all showed an increase as compared with preoperative data except 2: 1 with recurrence and the other with progression of disease. It was concluded that the serum iron level may be used as a useful tumor marker in staging and follow-up of renal cell carcinoma.
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PMID:Serum iron as a tumor marker in renal cell carcinoma. 200 19

The amino acid L-arginine can be metabolized through a nitric oxide-synthesizing pathway (NOSP) to produce L-citrulline and reactive nitrogen intermediates. Among these nitrogen intermediates, NO has been implicated as the mediator of a variety of biological effects including vasodilatation, inhibition of platelet aggregation, tumor cytotoxicity and microbiostasis by activated macrophages and generalized suppression of macrophage functions. Work reported here demonstrated that the NOSP is expressed in Con A-stimulated rat splenic cell (SC) cultures and is associated with a profound suppression of lymphocyte proliferation. Inhibition of the NOSP by NG-monomethyl-L-arginine (N-MMA) or binding of its products by hemoglobin, either free in solution or contained in RBC, markedly promotes rat SC mitogenic response to Con A. Mouse SC do not express the NOSP under the conditions used in these experiments. Consequently, their mitogenic response to Con A is not affected by N-MMA or hemoglobin. These data confirm and expand the apparent role of NO as a regulator of immune responses while indicating potentially important species differences.
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PMID:Suppression of lymphocyte proliferation through the nitric oxide synthesizing pathway. 202 Jan 92

Between January 1986 and September 1990, 442 patients with pharynx and supraglottic larynx carcinoma were randomized to receive the hypoxic cell radiosensitizer nimorazole (NIM) or placebo in association with a course of conventional primary radiotherapy. A preliminary analysis including the first 288 patients showed that the stratification parameters were significant (3-year actuarial local-regional tumor control, p less than 0.05) for sex (females 52% vs males 34%), tumor size (T1-T2 47% vs T3-T4 32%) and pre-irradiation hemoglobin (Hb) concentration (high 41% vs low 34%). Overall, the NIM group showed a significantly better local-regional control rate than the placebo group (46% vs 32%). There was an apparent additive effect of Hb concentration and NIM. Thus, in the male group, placebo patients with low Hb had a 23% control rate compared to 46% in NIM treated patients with Hb above 9 mmol/l (p less than 0.05). The similar effect in females could not be evaluated due to the small number of women with this disease. NIM was well tolerated and drug-related side effects were minor and tolerable, with transient nausea and vomiting as the most frequent complication. A final conclusion of the study must await an evaluation including all patients and a longer observation time.
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PMID:Nimorazole as a hypoxic radiosensitizer in the treatment of supraglottic larynx and pharynx carcinoma. First report from the Danish Head and Neck Cancer Study (DAHANCA) protocol 5-85. 202 Jul 63

Interleukin-6 (IL-6) is a multifunctional cytokine involved in the regulation of the terminal differentiation pathway of B lymphocytes. Recent reports revealed its potential role in the in vitro and in vivo growth of human multiple myeloma cells. The mechanism, however, by which IL-6 triggers proliferation of malignant plasma cells remains controversial. Using the very sensitive 7TD 1 bioassay we quantified endogenous circulating IL-6 levels in serum samples of 104 patients suffering from monoclonal gammopathies and other hematological disorders [47 with multiple myeloma (MM), 24 with monoclonal gammopathy of unknown significance (MGUS), 8 with myeloproliferative disease, and 25 suffering from low-grade non-Hodgkin's lymphoma (NHL)]. Elevated serum levels of IL-6 (greater than 5 pg/ml) were detected in 42% of the patients with MM, in 13% with MGUS, in 15% with low-grade B-NHL, and in 1 patient with T-NHL. In patients suffering from chronic myeloproliferative diseases, IL-6 levels were within the normal range. In patients with myeloma, IL-6 levels were significantly higher at advanced stages (II/III) or with progressive disease than in patients with MM stage I, MGUS, or at the plateau phase (P less than 0.01). In patients with monoclonal gammopathies including MGUS, serum IL-6 levels correlated with neopterin, tumor necrosis factor alpha and beta 2-microglobulin. An inverse correlation was found with hemoglobin levels. From these results, we propose that in myeloma patients serum IL-6 levels may reflect disease activity and tumor cell mass. The correlation with serum neopterin, a macrophage product, also suggests its origin in an activated immune system.
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PMID:Serum levels of interleukin-6 in multiple myeloma and other hematological disorders: correlation with disease activity and other prognostic parameters. 203 68

Juvenile chronic myelocytic leukemia (JCML) is a rare hematopoietic neoplasia of early childhood with distinct hematologic and biochemical features. We studied the biologic properties and the globin synthetic profiles of JCML erythroid cells both in vivo and in vitro from a total of 24 patients. In these cases we observed the exuberant colony-forming unit-macrophage (CFU-M) colony growth, as reported previously. Furthermore, in contrast to previous reports, we found significant erythroid colony growth in most of our cases (average: 1,182 burst-forming unit-erythroid [BFUe] per 10(5) plated cells, range: 40 to 6,927). This growth was by and large erythropoietin-dependent and was not greatly influenced by other added cytokines. By several criteria all erythroid colony growth detected in vitro was derived from JCML progenitors. The globin synthetic profile of JCML erythroid cells showed high levels of fetal hemoglobin both in vivo and in vitro (gamma/gamma + beta: 53% to 94% in reticulocytes, 62% to 98% in BFUe-derived cells). In addition (in seven cases studied) we detected embryonic globins (epsilon and zeta) at the protein and messenger RNA level, a novel finding for primary leukemic cells. We speculate that the transformed erythroid cells in JCML harbor a trans environment supporting expression of developmentally earlier genes (fetal, embryonic). However, in contrast to other acute or subacute leukemias, JCML erythroid cells also have the ability to reach full maturation to the red cell level, thus allowing detection of this primitive program in vivo.
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PMID:Expression of embryonic globins by erythroid cells in juvenile chronic myelocytic leukemia. 204 63


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