Gene/Protein Disease Symptom Drug Enzyme Compound
Pivot Concepts:   Target Concepts:
Query: UMLS:C0027651 (tumor)
 685,946 document(s) hit in 31,850,051 MEDLINE articles (0.00 seconds)

Functional human globin messenger RNA was isolated from reticulocytes of two patients with homozygous beta 0-thalassemia, three patients with sickle cell beta 0-thalassemia, and one patient doubly heterozygous for beta 0-thalassemia and hemoglobin Lepore. When incubated in the Krebs type II mouse ascites tumor-cell-free system, messenger RNA from these patients actively directed the synthesis of human beta s and/or alpha- and gamma-globin chains but failed to stimulate the synthesis of any beta A-chains, even though nonthalassemic human globin mRNA preparations consistently stimulated two to four times as much beta A- or beta S-globin chain synthesis as alpha-chain synthesis when incubated in the same system under the same conditions. These results strongly suggest that functional beta A-chain-specific globin mRNA is absent in beta 0-thalassemia.
 ...
PMID:Absence of functional messenger RNA activity for beta globin chain synthesis in beta 0-thalassemia. 80 1

The enzymatic destruction of oxidizing products produced during metabolic reduction of oxygen in the cell (such as singlet oxygen, H2O2 and OH radical) involves the concerted action of superoxide dismutase-which removes O-2 and yields H2O2-and H2O2 removing enzymes such as catalase and glutathione peroxidase. A difference in distribution or ratio of these enzymes in various tissues may result in a different reactivity of oxygen radicals. It was found that in red blood cells superoxide dismutase and catalase are extracted in the same fraction as hemoglobin, while glutathione peroxidase appears to be "loosely" bound to the cellular structure. This suggests that in red blood cells catalase acts in series with superoxide dismutase against bursts of oxygen radicals formed from oxyhemoglobin, while glutathione & peroxidase may protect the cell membrane against low concentrations of H2O2. On the other hand, catalase activity is absent in various types of ascites tumor cells, while glutathione peroxidase and superoxide dismutase are found in the cytoplasm. However, the peroxidase/dismutase ratio is lower than in liver cells, and this may provide an explanation for the higher susceptibility of tumor cells to treatments likely to involve oxygen radicals.
 ...
PMID:Enzyme defense against reactive oxygen derivatives. II. Erythrocytes and tumor cells. 81 6

The high resolution proton magnetic resonance spectral properties of three C57BL/6J mouse cell populations (EL4 ascites tumor cells, normal spleen leukocytes, and normal erythrocytes) were investigated. Packed cell pellets were investigated at 100 MHz and 13.56 MHz. The 100-MHz spectra contained identifiable non-water proton resonances as well as the water resonance. The major non-water resonances from the EL 4 cells and normal leukocytes resembled resonances from lipid extracts, whereas the non-water resonances from erythrocytes resembled resonances from hemoglobin solutions. The reciprocals of the water proton spin-lattice relaxation times were roughly proportional to the total sample water content at both 100 and 13.56 MHz. The estimated slopes of these plots were frequency-dependent. The water proton relaxation rate generally increased with increasing total protein content of the packed cell pellets.
 ...
PMID:High resolution proton magnetic resonance spectral characteristics of water, lipid, and protein signals from three mouse cell populations. 83 60

Plasma renin, erythropoietin and chorionic gonadotropin levels were evaluated in 57 patients with renal adenocarcinoma. Renin elevation, found in 37 per cent, was unrelated to blood pressure levels but was associated with high grade, high stage lesions of mixed histologic cell type and predicted a poor prognosis. Erythropoietin was raised in 63 per cent of patients and was more sensitive than renin in indicating the presence of renal adenocarcinoma. However, it was less specific and did not correlate directly with tumor grade, stage, histologic type, prognosis or hematocrit and hemoglobin levels. None of the patients had elevated chorionic gonadotropin levels. Therefore, we believe that renin and erythropoietin determinations may be of value as biochemical tumor markers in renal adenocarcinoma.
 ...
PMID:Hormones in renal cancer. 85 Mar 15

Plasma cell granuloma (xanthomatous pseudotumor) is polymorphic at light as well as electron microscopic examination. At light microscopy the endobronchial variant of this entity was rich in plasma cells and interwoven, whorl-like, or concentrically arranged spindle cells. Foamy histiocytes and macrophages usually abundant in the intrapulmonary variant were rare. At electron microscopy particles 20 to 50 nm. in size were found at the bronchial mucosal surface but not elsewhere in the lesion. Plasma cells near the bronchial surface contained cytoplasmic fibrils, mitochondria with concentric cristae, and inclusions that bore a close resemblance to adjacent extracellular crystallized hemoglobin. Those in the center of the lesion ordinary round inclusions and none of the other changes. Spindle cells in the interlaced areas were mostly fibroblasts or myofibroblasts, whereas those whorled around capillaries resembled pericytes with basement membranes and nuxes-like intercellular junctions. Year rings like multilayered basal laminae were frequently present between the pericyte-like cells and the endothelial cells of the capillaries. The ultrastructure of plasma cell granuloma, like the histologic and clinical aspects, differs from that of sclerosing hemangioma, pseudolymphoma, and malignant plasma cell tumor affecting the lung.
 ...
PMID:Endobronchial plasma cell granuloma (xanthomatous pseudotumor); a light and electron microscopic study. 93 38

The growth and metastasis of transplanted Lewis lung carcinoma in C57BL/6J mice were inhibited by an ip injection of whole serum from Carcharhinus plumbeus, the sandbar shark. Tumors failed to develop in 69% of the animals inoculated with shark serum on days 0, 3, and 6 after tumor transplantation. Histologic examination of the tumor site at days 3 and 6 showed that tumor cells were pyknotic, and evidence of lysis of tumor cells and minor leukocytic infiltration existed. Tumor cells were not in tissue sections from day 15, and these animals still had no symptoms at day 216. The mean tumor volume of the remaining 31% of the treated animals was less than that of controls; they had a prolonged mean survival time, but ultimately they died from metastases, as did the controls. Urea- and hemoglobin-treated animals and those pretreated or intralesionally treated with shark serum were similar to the controls in both tumor kinetics and survival times.
 ...
PMID:Inhibitory effect of shark serum on the Lewis lung carcinoma. 99 8

Plasma renin, erythropoietin and chorionic gonadotropin levels were evaluated in 57 patients with renal adenocarcinoma. Renin elevation, found in 37 per cent, was unrelated to blood pressure levels but was associated with high grade, high stage lesions of mixed histologic cell type and predicted a poor prognosis. Erythropoietin was raised in 63 per cent of patients and was more sensitive than renin in indicating the presence of renal adenocarcinoma. However, it was less specific and did not correlate directly with tumor grade, stage, histologic type, prognosis or hematocrit and hemoglobin levels. None of the patients had elevated chorionic gonadotropin levels. Therefore, we believe that renin and erythropoietin determinations may be of value as biochemical tumor markers in renal adenocarcinoma.
 ...
PMID:Hormones in renal cancer. 103 May 44

Malignant mouse teratocarcinoma (or embryonal carcinoma) cells with a normal modal chromosome number were taken from the "cores" of embryoid bodies grown only in vivo as an ascites tumor for 8 years, and were injected into blastocysts bearing many genetic markers, in order to test the developmental capacities, genetic constitution, and reversibility of malignancy of the core cells. Ninety-three live normal pre- and postnatal animals were obtained. Of 14 thus far analyzed, three were cellular genetic mosaics with substantial contributions of tumor-derived cells in many developmentally unrelated tissues, including some never seen in the solid tumors that form in transplant hosts. The tissues functioned normally and synthesized their specific products (e.g., immunoglobulins, adult hemoglobin, liver proteins) coded for by strain-type alleles at known loci. In addition, a tumor-contributed color gene, steel, not previously known to be present in the carcinoma cells, was detected from the coat phenotype. Cells derived from the carcinoma, which is of X/Y sex chromosome constitution, also contributed to the germ line and formed reproductively functional sperms, some of which transmitted the steel gene to the progeny. Thus, after almost 200 transplant generations as a highly malignant tumor, embryoid body core cells appear to be developmentally totipotent and able to express, in an orderly sequence in differentiation of somatic and germ-line tissues, many genes hitherto silent in the tumor of origin. This experimental system of "cycling" teratocarcinoma core cells through mice, in conjunction with experimental mutagenesis of those cells, may therefore provide a new and useful tool for biochemical, developmental, and genetic analyses of mammalian differentiation. The results also furnish an unequivocal example in animals of a non-mutational basis for transformation to malignancy and of reversal to normalcy. The origin of this tumor from a disorganized embryo suggests that malignancies of some other, more specialized, stem cells might arise comparably through tissue disorganization, leading to developmental aberrations of gene expression rather than changes in gene structure.
 ...
PMID:Normal genetically mosaic mice produced from malignant teratocarcinoma cells. 105 47

We have reviewed erythroid cell differentiation from two points of view: 1) differences between fetal and adult human red cells with particular reference to alterations which can occur in the normal pattern of erythroid cell development during the course of leukemia; 2) beochemical events which occur during erythroid cell maturation, as a model system for the study of the control of gene expression. During the course of many leukemias there is the synthesis of red cells containing fetal hemoglobin. In most cases this phenomenon is limited to a small population or clone of red cells and probably represents a nonspecific response of the bone marrow to a hematologic stress. However, in juvenile chronic myeloid leukemia and, in rare cases of erythroleukemia, there is a major reversion to fetal erythropoiesis, with progressive increase in fetal hemoglobin levels and synthesis of red cells which contain not only fetal hemoglobin but have a true fetal pattern of protein synthesis affecting proteins other than Hb F, namely Hb A2, carbonic anhydrase and the membrane antigens i and I. In this case, the fetal erythropoiesis may be a more specific manifestation of the leukemic process and may be related to the phenomenon of fetal protein synthesis (alpha-fetoprotein of carcinoembryonic antigen) observed in other types of neoplasia. Further information on the etiology and pathogenesis of abnormal cell proliferation and differentiation in the leukemias can be obtained by the study of experimental systems permitting the investigation of the regulation of gene expression in differentiating mammalian cells. Maturing erythroid cells provide a promising system for such investigations for many reasons: differentiating erythroid cells can be obtained relatively free of other cell types; a large amount of a well characterized product, hemoglobin, is synthesized; techniques are now available that permit isolation of erythroid precursors at different stages of differentiation (5-8); and finally, highly sensitive methods of measuring globin mRNA levels by DNA-RNA hybridization are currently available (13, 26, 27). We have used such techniques to measure levels of globin mRNA in separated populations of murine erythroid cells at different stages of maturation. These studies demonstrated a correlation between globin mRNA content and degree of morphological maturation. In the least well differentiated cells, however, there appeared to be a disproportionate amount of mRNA for the level of hemoglobin synthesis in these cells. These results suggest the presence of some translational control of globin mRNA in the early stages of erythroid development, although the major control of globin gene expression in this system seems to be at the transcriptional level...
 ...
PMID:Erythroid cell differentiation. 107 Apr 57

An initial clinical phase I trial of inosine dialdehyde has been carried out in 40 patients at dose levels of 30-4000 mg/m2 for 5 days given intravenously (iv) monthly. At 1.5 g/m2, noncumulative dose-related toxicity occurred in all patients which consisted of nausea and vomiting, local pain, alterations in coagulation mechanism, elevated partial thromboplastin time, and positive Coombs' test. No dose-limiting leukopenia, thrombocytopenia, anemia, or bleeding occurred; however, depression of the leukocyte and platelet counts, and decreased hemoglobin value were observed. The dose-limiting toxic effect was renal tubular damage with reversible acute renal failure in one of four patients who received 3000 mg/m2 iv for 5 days. Refractory hypercalcemia was controlled in three of three patients without tumor effect. Responses occurred in patients with seminoma, oat cell carcinoma, and melanoma. A starting dose of 2 g/m2 for 3 days monthly is recommended for phase II trials and a trial in lung carcinoma is now being conducted.
 ...
PMID:Clinical phase I trial of inosine dialdehyde (NSC-118994). 110 41


<< Previous 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 Next >>