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Query: UMLS:C0027651 (tumor)
 685,946 document(s) hit in 31,850,051 MEDLINE articles (0.00 seconds)

Human germinal tumor cells have been studied in cancer research because of their characteristics of the multi-potentiality and the ability to produce marker proteins such as AFP and SP1. Although human germinal tumor cell colonies had usually been maintained by serial transplantation into nude mice, we established in vitro culture method of cells derived from human malignant germ cell tumors. Thirty-two cell lines were established in vitro, and AFP and SP1 produced in culture medium of those cell line were demonstrated immunochemically.
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PMID:[Establishment of cell lines of human germinal tumors]. 172 Apr 11

Twenty patients (42-80 years old of whom 9 women) affected by instrumentally ascertained pancreatic cancer (7 cases were operated on) were studied. In all of them the following coagulation indices (fibrinopeptide A, FpA; beta-thromboglobulin, BTG; platelet factor IV, PF4; fibrinogen degradation products, XDP) and tumor markers (gastrointestinal cancer associated antigen, GICA; tissue polypeptide antigen, TPA; carcinoembryonic antigen, CEA; alpha-fetoprotein, or AFP) were assessed at the time of diagnosis, and 10 and 30 days after diagnosis, to test whether and which of the above parameters are more sensitive for entertaining the underlying affection. In both operated and nonoperated patients FpA was shown to be the most sensitive index. Lesser sensitivity was shown by XDP, GICA, and BTG. AFP proved to be quite useless as its serum levels constantly fell within the normal range.
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PMID:Coagulation disorders and tumor markers in the diagnosis of pancreatic cancer. 172 Aug 84

The following tumor markers, AFP, CEA, CA 19-9, CA-125 and CA 15-3 were studied in 50 healthy volunteers (group A), in 23 patients on chronic hemodialysis (group B) and in 30 successfully transplanted individuals (group C) who did not present any clinical symptoms or signs of neoplasia. The levels of AFP, CEA and CA 15-3 were significantly higher in group B when compared to groups A and C. The levels of CA 19-9 and CA-125 did not differ significantly among the three groups. Transplanted individuals (group C) presented significantly lower levels of CEA and AFP and higher levels of CA 15-3 when compared to group B patients. The levels of all markers were not influenced by sex or time on dialysis. It is concluded that: (1) CA 19-9 and CA-125 can be considered as reliable tumor markers in patients undergoing hemodialysis or kidney transplantation. (2) The elevation of CEA and AFP levels in hemodialysis and their decline to normal levels found in the group of successfully transplanted individuals, suggest a possible active role of functioning renal tissue in their clearance. (3) The etiology of CA 15.3 elevation following successful kidney transplantation remains obscure and requires further evaluation.
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PMID:Tumor markers in patients undergoing hemodialysis or kidney transplantation. 172 65

Innovations in the treatment of testicular cancer, including surveillance of clinical stage I patients and curative chemotherapy for disseminated disease, have increased the need for sensitive ways to stage and monitor patients, both during and after therapy. Serum tumor markers, in combination with radiographic studies, have significantly improved our ability to evaluate and treat patients with seminomas and NSGCT. Elevated AFP and BHCG levels provide prognostic information at diagnosis, indicate persistent disease following orchiectomy or RPLND, and signal a recurrence after chemotherapy. Significantly delayed clearance of markers during chemotherapy often indicates persistent disease. Serum markers help define the duration of therapy, thus minimizing the substantial toxicities often associated with curative chemotherapy. Despite these advances, areas of concern remain. A small percentage of patients with NSGCT and the majority of patients with seminoma have undetectable levels of AFP and BHCG. The search for additional sensitive and specific serum markers in these cases has not been wholly successful. LDH, PLAP, and BFP occasionally serve as useful markers in seminoma but suffer lack of specificity. In addition, normal postoperative or postchemotherapy serum marker levels do not always ensure complete remission. This is difficult clinically when residual masses persist following therapy. Resection is always required to rule out persistent disease. The next decade may reveal additional useful serum tumor markers and potentially new imaging techniques incorporating antimarker antibodies to differentiate necrotic tissue from active disease.
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PMID:Serum markers in germ cell neoplasms. 172 8

A previous study reported the results of a radioimmunoassay that analysed immune complexes (IC) with a specific labeled polyclonal antibody for the detection of the early stages of colon cancer. In order to investigate further the possible clinical use of this assay, a blind study that screened 505 patients referred for colonoscopy, compared their pathology reports with the results of four assays that measure levels of circulating tumor markers. These were CEA, AFP, Ca 19-9, and our previously described radioimmunoassay (RIA). Of the patients with no malignancies, the results that were in the normal range were as follows: CEA-473/495 (95.6 per cent), Ca 19-9-486/495 (98.2 per cent) and our RIA-488/495 (98.6 per cent). AFP levels were in the normal range for all patients in the study. The only assay to identify any Dukes' C and D patients was Ca 19-9, which detected 2/3 (67 per cent). Of the patients with Dukes' A and B colon cancer, CEA only identified 1/7 (14 per cent), AFP and Ca 19-9 0/7 (0 per cent), and our own RIA 5/7 (71 per cent). The positive results of our assay were significantly different from those of the other three assays with p values all less than 0.05. These preliminary results suggest that this RIA, because of its ability to detect the early stages of colon cancer, may be an effective complement to the currently available assays. The combination may provide a more comprehensive evaluation in monitoring colon cancer.
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PMID:A new radioimmunoassay detecting early stages of colon cancer: a comparison with CEA, AFP, and Ca 19-9. 172 34

Blood levels of CEA, CA 19-9 and AFP were assayed by immunoenzyme technique in 60 cases of gastric cancer, 15 patients with pancreatic cancer and 30 patients with colorectal cancer. CEA and CA 19-9 levels were found to depend upon stage and degree of tumor differentiation. Changes in the antigen levels in the course of treatment reflected the degree of its radicality. In application of the immunoenzyme assay, CA 19-9 level appeared most clinically relevant in gastric, pancreatic and colorectal cancers. CEA concentration can serve as an indicator of liver metastases. CA 19-9 and CEA levels can be used for monitoring and objective evaluation of treatment for gastric, pancreatic and colorectal cancer as well as for predicting response.
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PMID:[The clinical information value of an immunoenzyme study of the tumor markers CA-19-9, CEA and AFP in cancer of the stomach, pancreas, colon and rectum]. 172 42

The authors evaluate the positivity of the tumor markers CEA, AFP, TPA and ferritin among an homogeneous group of 500 patients suffering from a chronic hepatopathy and positive for HBsAg. The obtained results show a significant increase of TPA, AFP and Ferritin (70.4%, 20% and 24% respectively of the examined patients), while CEA is increased only in the 3.2%. The correlation between the positivity of these markers and possible evolution of the chronic hepatopathy is at present under investigation.
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PMID:[A retrospective study of the serum CEA, AFP, TPA and ferritin values in 500 patients with chronic liver diseases]. 172 99

Tumor markers (TM) of the neoplastic cell can be divided into non-shedded substances and antigens shedded in blood, urine or other body fluids. For clinicians circulating TM are more important. All relevant circulating TM are not useful in screening of asymptomatic patients because of insufficient sensitivity and specificity. With caution they are useful in the observation of risk groups. Circulating TM have their main significance as additional parameters in monitoring symptomatic patients with malignancies. Several follow up determinations are more important than one single measurement. During follow up of tumor patients TM should not be checked automatically if there are no diagnostic or therapeutical consequences. The clinically most important circulating TM in non-hormone secreting tumors of the gastrointestinal tract are the oncofetal antigens CEA and AFP and antigens defined by monoclonal antibodies e. g. CA 19-9 and CA 72-4. AFP is the primary TM in hepatocellular carcinoma, often elevated in hepatoblastoma and always normal in cholangiocellular carcinoma. CEA is the TM of first choice in patients with colorectal carcinomas and liver metastasis. CA 19-9 is TM of first choice in pancreatic carcinoma and additionally of diagnostic value in cholangiocellular carcinoma and tumors of the bile ducts. In cancer of the stomach CA 19-9 and CEA are secondary TM in combination with CA 72-4 as primary TM. Care should be taken that slight and moderate elevations of TM can be observed in benign diseases of liver, pancreas and bowel.
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PMID:[Circulating "tumor markers" in gastrointestinal tumors]. 175 35

The authors reported a rare case of sellar germinoma which was misdiagnosed as nonfunctioning pituitary adenoma. A 32-year-old woman was admitted to our hospital because of amenorrhea and disturbance of left visual acuity. She had become amenorrhagic after her second delivery two years before. Neurological examination revealed she was normal except for diminished left visual acuity (Rt. = 1.2, Lt. = 0.5). The general condition was good. Urine volume and its specific gravity were within normal range. Endocrinological examination showed hyperprolactinemia (PRL 72 ng/ml) accompanied with impairment of GH, TSH, LH and FSH's reserve. Basal levels and reserve of the blood cortisol were normal. AFP and hCG were within normal range. CT scan revealed a homogenously enhanced intrasellar tumor which had a suprasellar portion (vertical length: 15 mm). T1 weighted MRI revealed low intensity tumor, and T2 weighted image revealed high intensity tumor. Sagittal MR image with gadolinium enhancement showed the pituitary gland anterior to the tumor. Transsphenoidal removal was performed. The histological diagnosis was pure germinoma. After the operation, the intracranial and spinal disseminations were disclosed. Complete neuraxis irradiation resulted in the complete remission of the tumor. Sellar germinoma without diabetes insipidus is considered to be very difficult to diagnose preoperatively. However, the authors proposed that anterior shift of the pituitary gland in sagittal MR image may be a clue to the diagnosis of sellar germinoma.
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PMID:[A case of sellar germinoma which was misdiagnosed as pituitary adenoma]. 176 58

The usefulness of tumor-associated trypsin inhibitor (TATI) in the diagnosis of various solid tumors was compared to other tumor markers occurring in serum and urine (CEA, CA19-9, CA125, CA72-4, CA50, CA15-3, CA72-4, NSE, TPA, AFP, CK-BB and ferritin). TATI was particularly well suited for the diagnosis of tumors of the pancreas, ovary, oesophagus and bladder. For tumors of these organs TATI may be considered the marker of choice. TATI was also a good marker for distinguishing between disease with or without liver metastasis in cancer of the colon and the breast.
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PMID:Evaluation of TATI and other markers in solid tumors. 178 Jun 86


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