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Query: UMLS:C0027651 (tumor)
 685,946 document(s) hit in 31,850,051 MEDLINE articles (0.00 seconds)

The relative usefulness of a combination of some tumor markers, such as CEA, AFP, ferritin and NSE for the diagnosis of lung cancer was assessed by multiple logistic analysis. Serum concentration of these markers was determined in 68 patients with lung cancer (50 with NSCLC and 18 with SCLC, in 68 patients with benign lung disease and 75 normal control subjects. Ferritin proved to be the most useful in diagnosing both NSCLC and SCLC, while NSE was found to be of some help in diagnosing SCLC only. The multiple marker panel proved to be more sensitive and specific than any single marker in discriminating lung cancer from normal control tissue, but it was of limited value in discriminating malignant from benign lung disease. The results of the present study would suggest that the panel of investigated tumor markers is not of great help for the early diagnosis of lung cancer.
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PMID:Clinical significance of a multiple biomarker assay in patients with lung cancer. A study with logistic regression analysis. 168 30

Discussed is the case of a 71-year-old man with multiple large hepatocellular carcinomas. His serum AFP level had markedly increased to 115 X 10(4) ng/ml. His AFP level also elevated and multiple lung metastatic tumors appeared after the second TAE therapy of 30 mg ADM, 10 mg MMC. To arrest these rises 100 mg of CDDP was given intravenously, followed by 3.0 g/day of PSK given orally. Five months later, shadows of the metastatic tumor disappeared and AFP to 540 ng/dl. As the mechanism responsible this improvement, it is felt that the CDDP attacked the metastatic tumors directly, and that this was aided by the follow-up immunotherapy with PSK. The abscopal effect of TAE also may have played a role.
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PMID:[A case of remission in metastatic lung tumor from hepatocellular carcinoma after combined CDDP and PSK therapy]. 169 Aug 25

The therapeutic effect of hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) was assessed by the serial change of serum AFP value before and after treatment. Subjects were 56 therapies for HCCs in 48 cases, who were diagnosed as inoperative HCCs, and were performed chemotherapy, transcatheter hepatic arterial embolization (TAE) and percutaneous ethanol injection therapy (PEIT). As the indicator of therapeutic effect, the angle (supplement) alpha was used, that was formed by the cross of two lines based on several points of serum AFP value on the hemilogarithm graph before and after treatment respectively. The alpha were distributed from -34 degrees to 118 degrees, and its mean value was 32 +/- 38 degrees (+/-SD). The angle alpha value of cases evaluated as CR or PR was high, and that of PD was low. We could quantitatively assess the effects evaluated as NC by tumor size. The survival curve of group with high alpha value was significantly longer than that of group with low value. It was concluded that this method using angle alpha based on the serial change of serum AFP value was useful for clinical assessment of HCCs treatment.
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PMID:[An assessment of therapeutic effect of hepatocellular carcinoma by the serial changes in serum AFP value]. 169

Tumor markers can be used for screening, diagnosis, planning and monitoring of therapy, for early detection of relapse and for psychological reasons. Unfortunately none of the currently available tumor markers can be used for all these purposes. An ever increasing number of tumor markers can be determined; however, the advantage for the individual patient's management is less obvious. We therefore critically review the routine use of some tumor markers such as CEA, AFP, beta-HCG, LDH, CA-125, CA 19-9, prostate acid phosphatase, prostate specific antigen and CA 15-3. The use of tumor markers requires a sound knowledge of the biology of the marker, the neoplastic disease and the available treatment. When tumor markers do not add new information and have no diagnostic or therapeutic consequences, their use becomes an expensive medical nonsense!
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PMID:[Sense and nonsense of tumor markers in practice]. 169 45

Previously we have described polyclonal antibodies that recognized a group of nuclear nonhistone proteins whose molecular weights ranged in size from 170 to 220 kDa. These antigenic nonhistone chromosomal proteins are abundant in rat hepatoma chromatin. In this report we discuss the synthesis and cellular localization of these particular proteins during the multistage process of hepatocarcinogenesis. The appearance of these antigenic proteins in rat liver nuclei approximately parallels the appearance of alpha-fetoprotein in the cytosol of hepatocytes. However, the immunoreactivity of antigenic proteins increased steadily even during the prominent dip in the AFP concentration between 50 and 100 days of carcinogenesis. The effect of the tumor promoting agent, phenobarbital, on the synthesis of antigenic nuclear proteins was also studied. The appearance of hepatoma-associated non-histone chromosomal proteins at early stages of tumor promotion during hepatocarcinogenesis was observed. The results of these studies demonstrate that the hepatoma-associated non-histone proteins are expressed not only in hepatoma cells, but also in hepatocyte cells committed to carcinogenesis.
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PMID:The appearance of hepatoma-associated chromosomal non-histone proteins in rat liver after a single dose of 3'-MDAB followed by treatment of phenobarbital. 169 44

Tumour growth rates have been measured in metastatic non-seminomatous germ cell testicular tumours (NSGCTT) by estimating the rate of rise of tumour marker production (TMP). TMP was calculated for the time between orchidectomy and the start of chemotherapy in a group of 58 patients with metastatic NSGCTT treated with BEP combination chemotherapy (bleomycin, etoposide and cisplatin). Calculation of TMP (iu/l/day) took account of the continuing clearance of marker from the serum. TMP increased with time in 51 patients and this rise generally appeared to be exponential. The rate of this increase was expressed as the marker production doubling time (MPDT) and is a measure of the tumour growth rate. MPDT varied from 0.5 to greater than 80 days (45 cases) for AFP + ve patients and from 1.8 to greater than 80 days (34 cases) for HCG + ve patients. Patients who failed BEP first line therapy had shorter MPDTs than those who responded (AFP P = 0.08, HCG P = 0.003). It was found that patients with a MPDT less than or equal to 4 days were more likely to fail treatment than those who had a MPDT greater than 4 days (AFP P = 0.009, HCG P = 0.005). MPDTs were independent of initial serum marker concentration. Patients with small volume disease had longer MPDTs than patients with large volume disease (AFP P = 0.02, HCG P = 0.04). Rapid tumour growth rate reflected by short MPDT carries a poor prognosis in patients with NSGCTT treated by BEP chemotherapy.
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PMID:The growth rate of metastatic nonseminomatous germ cell testicular tumours measured by marker production doubling time--II. Prognostic significance in patients treated by chemotherapy. 183 1

A 21-year-old man presenting with a mediastinal mass was diagnosed as having primary mediastinal mixed nonseminomatous GCT by incisional biopsy and elevated serum concentrations of AFP and beta-HCG. After four courses of PVB chemotherapy followed by 4,000 rads of radiotherapy, the AFP level declined markedly, but the mediastinal mass further enlarged and underwent cystic change. Pathologic examination of the resected tumor only showed immature teratoma. The serum AFP level returned to normal and remained so three months after the operation. This experience suggests that in patients with nonseminomatous GCT treated with combination chemotherapy, measurements of tumor volume alone do not provide information regarding the tumor's response. Early recognition of the "growing teratoma syndrome" will allow for surgical salvage.
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PMID:The growing teratoma syndrome. A case of primary mediastinal nonseminomatous germ cell tumor treated with chemotherapy and radiotherapy. 169 74

A developmental protein GP68 is known to appear stage-specifically in the developmental mouse brain. The expression of GP68 in tissues of 265 various human tumors and of 2 human embryos was examined immunohistologically using specific anti-GP68 rabbit antisera. Generally, endodermal, neural, and germ cell tumors were most frequently positive, while mesenchymal tumors were mostly and ectodermal tumors were intermediate. Anti-GP68 also gave positive reactions with some of non-neoplastic cells of cancer patients generally to lesser extents than neoplastic cells. Muscle and bone tissues of a 4-week-old embryo were weakly positive. Some tumors that were negative for CEA and AFP were strongly positive for GP68. The expression of GP68 in human tumor cells may represent an abnormal cellular gene-expression associated with the neoplastic change of the cell.
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PMID:[Immunohistological demonstration of developmental protein GP68 in human tumor and embryonic tissues]. 169 24

The case was an 83-year-old man whose chief complaint was right-hypochondralgia and high fever. His laboratory findings at the first visit revealed liver dysfunction and an elevation of AFP level. Abdominal ultra-sonography revealed a giant tumor in his liver. Because of his advanced age and the large size of his tumor, he was given 2 mg Lentinan a week and 750 mg Tegafur every day. After 3 months his serum AFP level decreased to normal range, and on computed tomography his tumor disappeared completely 6 months after the beginning of this therapy. We recommend the combination therapy of Lentinan and Tegafur for patients with a high risk for usual therapies like this case for their quality of life.
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PMID:[A case of hepatocellular carcinoma in an elderly patient that improved upon combination therapy of Lentinan and Tegafur]. 169 55

Two cases of sacrococcygeal teratoma in female infants are reported. Case 1. A newborn baby with a hemispheric mass on her hip underwent surgery 3 days after birth and the lesion proved to be an immature teratoma. The serum AFP level was very high but became normal one month after the operation. The child also had agenesis of the corpus callosum and arachnoid cysts in right middle fossa. She died after developing shunt infection. Case 2. A newborn baby with a mature teratoma was operated on the day following birth. The tumor was subtotally removed, and there has been no recurrence after 6 months. Sacrococcygeal teratoma in female infants is often associated with agenesis of the corpus callosum and arachnoid cysts. They tend to develop almost at the same time as the teratoma. It is often difficult to determine whether the infant should be treated by chemotherapy or not if the teratoma is immature, especially when it has been totally removed, the serum AFP is normal, and the tumor is pathologically of a low grade.
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PMID:[Sacrococcygeal teratoma of newborn infants; a report of two cases]. 169 57


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