Gene/Protein Disease Symptom Drug Enzyme Compound
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Query: UMLS:C0027651 (tumor)
 685,946 document(s) hit in 31,850,051 MEDLINE articles (0.00 seconds)

A 17 year old man with a primary intracranial germ cell tumor in the pituitary region is reported. Both serum alpha-fetoprotein (AFP) and serum human chorionic gonadotropin (hCG) were found elevated preoperatively. Normal levels of serum AFP and hCG were found after operation and radiotherapy. By indirect immunofluorescence staining of the tumor tissue a slight staining for AFP was localized to the endodermal vesicles, whereas a more intensive staining for hCG could be identified in the giant cells.
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PMID:Alpha-fetoprotein and human chorionic gonadotropin in a patient with a primary intracranial germ cell tumor. 7 20

Quantitative measurement of serum alpha-fetoprotein and human chorionic gonadotropin by double antibody radioimmunoassays reflects the efficacy of surgical, radiation and/or chemotherapeutic regimens in patients with bulky disseminated testicular tumors. When these therapies are effective they produce an immediate decrease in serum levels of these markers that reflects the decrease in tumor size and could be as rapid as the catabolic decay rate for alpha-fetoprotein or human chorionic gonadotropin. The alpha subunit of human chorionic gonadotropin has a short half-life (20 minutes) and has been used for the first time to localize a recurrent metastatic testicular tumor. Cellular localization of these markers by immunochemical techniques has helped us to understand the natural history of this cancer and the cell types responsible for production of the markers.
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PMID:The role of the radioimmunoassay of serum alpha-fetoprotein and human chorionic gonadotropin in the intensive chemotherapy and surgery of metastatic testicular tumors. 7 18

The concentration of serum alpha-fetoprotein (AFP) was followed in C3H mice having a high incidence of spontaneous liver-cell cancer. No general elevation of serum AFP level with age was seen in mice without tumor. With a single exception, mice bearing hepatocellular carcinomas had increased serum AFP levels. In some mice this increase followed a biphasic course. Mice killed within 1 month of the time when an elevation of serum AFP was first observed had small tumors or no detectable tumor. Premalignant lesions were present in the livers of 11 out of 16 mice that had elevated AFP but no cancer, while only one out of 14 mice with normal AFP had such alterations. Our results strongly suggest that spontaneous hepatocarcinogenesis proceeds through almost the same premalignant lesions as chemically induced carcinogenesis, and that an increase in AFP production occurs early during this process, often preceding macroscopic lesions. Autologous antibodies to AFP were produced in a group of C3H mice by immunization with rat AFP. These anti-AFP antibodies reduced the amount of serum AFP but had no effect on the incidence of spontaneous hepatomas.
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PMID:Early increase of serum alpha-fetoprotein in spontaneous hepatocarcinogenesis in mice. 7 9

Antiserum against yolk-sac carcinoma of rat was prepared in rabbits. After appropriate absorption in vitro or in vivo this antiserum was examined on different tumors and normal tissues or rat, hamster and mouse. The methods used were indirect immunofluorescence and indirect immunoperoxidase staining and cytotoxicity tests. The immune serum was found to react with the cell membrane of different rat and hamster yolk-sac carcinomas. It reacted also with the cell surface of rat hepatoma cells. By absorption on hyalin and blocking with amniotic fluid it was shown that the antigen was neither a basement membrane component nor alpha-fetoprotein. The antiserum was cytotoxic to yolk-sac carcinoma and hepatoma cells. The immune reaction was limited to the cell membrane, as observed in immunofluorescence and in immunoperoxidase staining. The specificity of the antiserum was proved by cross-absorptions with various tumor lines and by removing its activity with the soluble fraction of yolk-sac carcinoma cells. Non-endodermal rat and hamster tumor lines did not react with the anti-yolk-sac carcinoma immune serum. Most normal adult tissues, including spermatozoa, were negative, but a positive reaction was observed in ovaries and on glandular cells of the uterus. In embryonal tissues this surface antigen(s) was detected in the endoderm of 8-day-old rat embryos 7-day-old mouse embryos and in yolk-sac endoderm of both species. The data indicate that the antigen(s) is associated with endodermal differentiation.
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PMID:Presence of common surface antigens(s) on endodermal tumors and embryonal tissues of rats, hamsters and mice. 7 14

The serum alpha-fetoprotein level was measured by radioimmunoassay in 200 patients when admitted to hospital, 63 with idiopathic hemochromatosis and 137 with liver cirrhosis. In addition, repeated controls were performed in 19 subjects of each group for a mean period of 11 months (range 3--18 months). Elevated alpha-fetoprotein levels were observed initially or during the study period in 15 patients, a malignant liver tumor being demonstrated in 12 of them. In 4 of these patients, the abnormal alpha-fetoprotein concentration was the clue to the diagnosis of an unsuspected malignant hepatoma, but in none of these cases could the tumor be resected. The present results indicate that screening the serum alpha-fetoprotein level may contribute to the detection of malignant hepatoma in high-risk clinical groups, but the practical interest of such screenings may keep limited until more efficient therapeutic methods are developed.
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PMID:alpha-Fetoprotein screening in patients with idiopathic hemochromatosis and liver cirrhosis. 7 12

Serum beta2-microglobulin levels were measured by radioimmunoassay in patients with various malignant neoplasms, ascitic patients, and also patients with definite or suspected hepatoma showing variable levels of serum alpha-fetoprotein. Elevated serum beta2-microglobulin levels greater than 2.5 mg/liter were found in various malignant neoplasms, especially in multiple myeloma (66.6%) and hepatoma (60.4%) The ascites/serum ratio of beta2-microglobulin levels in the patients with malignant ascites is significantly higher than in those with non-malignant ascites. However, ascites/serum ratios of total protein, IgG, albumin, creatinine levels were not significantly different between the two groups. Levels of serum beta2-microglobulin were correlated well with those of alpha-fetoprotein in the patients with definite or suspected hepatoma (r=0.72, P less than 0.001). From these results it was concluded that (1) high levels of serum beta2-microglobulin in these patients could be attributed to its hyperproduction by tumor cells or by the cells which had been infiltrated and activated, (2) it is useful to estimate the ascites/serum ratio of beta2-microglobulin levels in differentiating malignant from non-malignant ascites, and (3) it might suggest that a function of beta2-microglobulin is in some way related to that of alpha-fetoprotein, and the alpha-fetoprotein-synthesizing cells secrete a great deal of beta2-microglobulin, although its function remains unclear.
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PMID:Beta2-microglobulin levels of serum and ascites in malignant diseases. 8 Mar 42

In a combined tissue and serum study alpha-1-antitrypsin (AAT) and alpha-fetoprotein are demonstrated in parallel within tumor tissue inclusions in both endodermal sinus (yolk sac) tumors and malignant hepatomas, and AAT is demonstrated as a marker in both neoplastic and preneoplastic liver lesions occurring in oral contraceptive users, all in association with normal serum AAT phenotype. The tumor inclusions in the first two instances differ immunocytochemically from AAT liver cell globules found in inherited AAT deficiency, which are unreactive for alpha-fetoprotein. It is concluded that unlike the molecular basis of storage associated with AAT phenotypic variation, the tumor inclusions reflect a separate, nongenetic mechanism of AAT storage, which may be epigenetic in nature. AAT and alpha-fetoprotein both are synthesized normally in yolk sac and fetal liver, a parallelism which disappears soon after birth. The reexpression of both proteins in two distinct tumor types arising from endodermal origins (yolk sac and liver), suggests that these markers may represent reemerging fetal gene products, a phenomenon previously proposed only for alpha-fetoprotein, a prototypic "oncofetal antigen."
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PMID:Immunocytochemical localization of oncodevelopmental proteins in human germ cell and hepatic tumors. 8 Apr 17

Evidence has been reported for at least two common tumor-associated antigens, or antigenic determinants, in human cystadenocarcinomas of the ovary that are apparently absent in tissues of normal reproductive organs. These antigenic determinants are immunologically distinct from carcinoembryonic antigen, alpha-fetoprotein, ferritins and histocompatibility antigens. One of these two ovarian cystadenocarcinoma-associated antigens (OCAA) is not detectable in any ovarian carcinomas except serous or mucinous types, other gynecologic or nongynecologic malignancies thus far tested, while the second antigen is present in about 90% of all gynecologic tumors and occasionally in breast and colon tumors. OCAA has been purified and partially characterized. It is a high molecular weight glycoprotein which carries the unique ovarian tumor-specific antigenic determinant along with some normal cross-reacting determinants. High levels of this glycoprotein antigen have been detected in the sera of ovarian cancer patients with advanced disease by the radioimmunoassay inhibition technique. The serial determination of circulating OCAA appeared to correlate with tumor volume as well as the clinical status of the patients.
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PMID:Ovarian tumor antigens. 8 12

The diagnosis of neoplasia continues to rest upon the judicious application of morphologic criteria for the identification of tumor cells. Immunohistologic techniques offer the pathologist an alternative means of cell identification according to the antigenic constitution of the cell or its products. The potential effect of these techniques upon the diagnosis and classification of neoplasia is illustrated by the application of immunoperoxidase methods to the study of alpha-fetoprotein, human chorionic gonadotrophin, and steroid hormone localization in tumors of the ovary and testis.
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PMID:The potential value of immunohistologic techniques in the classification of ovarian and testicular tumors. 8 98

Certain cancer-associated substances are useful in the diagnosis and management of cancer. We have found that the estimation of serum alpha-fetoprotein and beta-human chorionic gonadotropin in patients with testicular tumors is useful. Of 17 patients with germ cell testicular tumors found to have elevated serum markers 3 had seminoma of the testis and all 3 had elevated beta-human chorionic gonadotropin. It is not possible, however, to correlate the histology of testicular tumors and the type of serum markers. All of our patients with elevated markers had active tumor. However, 3 patients with metastatic deposits in the para-aortic lymph nodes did not have elevated serum markers.
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PMID:Serum markers in testicular tumors. 8 96


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