Gene/Protein Disease Symptom Drug Enzyme Compound
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Query: UMLS:C0027651 (tumor)
 685,946 document(s) hit in 31,850,051 MEDLINE articles (0.00 seconds)

A combined immunocytochemical and quantitative serum and tissue study was performed on a group of endodermal sinus (yolk sac) tumors, localizing and measuring both alpha1-antitrypsin (AAT) and alpha-fetoprotein (AFP) in tumor tissue and patient sera. Utilizing indirect immunofluorescent and triple-sandwich immunoperoxidase methods, both proteins were demonstrated within intra- and extracellular periodic acid-Schiff-positive hyaline globules characteristic of the tumor, as well as within the cytoplasm of tumor epithelial cells lining endodermal sinuses, where AAT deposition predominated. Tumor tissue extracts confirmed the presence of significant quantities of both proteins, and pretreatment serum elevations of both showed a parallel decline during therapy. In this study, AAT is characterized as a tumor protein marker for the first time, and a parallelism between AAT and AFP is demonstrated in both serum and tumor tissue. These findings represent additional supportive evidence for the yolk sac origin of endodermal sinus tumors in man.
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PMID:Alpha1-antitrypsin and alpha-fetoprotein. Protein markers in endodermal sinus (yolk sac) tumors. 5 17

By cloning from cultivation in vitro of a human hepatoblastoma 3 epithelial cell lines were established, all of which produced alpha-fetoprotein and one of which did albumin in culture. Observation with electron microscopy demonstrated desmosomes and glycogen granules in the cytoplasm of these cells. The morphology, growth characteristics, alpha-fetoprotein production, heterotransplantability, and karyology of the cloned cells suggested that these clonal lines were derived from the tumor cells and retained their malignant characteristics.
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PMID:Establishment of a cell line and its clonal sublines from a patient with hepatoblastoma. 5 94

The natural tolerance to alpha-fetoprotein (AFP) was broken in rabbits by immunizations with purified AFP from different species and homologous AFP chemically modified by haptenation. Some of the rabbits were boostered with rabbit AFP. The highest titers were obtained with human AFP, which shows a strong cross-reaction with rabbit AFP. The homologous antibodies were of lower avidity than heterologous (sheep) antisera. Injections with rabbit AFP did not alter the avidity or titer. All antibodies produced by injections with human AFP could be absorbed with the original immunogen, and no reactivity against determinants unique to rabbit AFP could be found. These results indicate that the antibody activity against autologous AFP is based on cross-reactivity and that the immunizations did not make the autologous AFP immunogenic. These findings may be important in view of the possible use of AFP as a target antigen in tumor immunotherapy.
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PMID:Characterization of homologous anti-alpha-fetoprotein antibodies produced in rabbits. 5 40

Serum alpha-fetoprotein was estimated in 61 patients with neoplasms of the gastrointestinal tract, 29 healthy controls and 10 pregnant women. Almost half ot the patients had increased values of alpha-fetoprotein and no parellelism between alpha-fetoprotein and liver metastasis was found. Decreasing of the alpha-fetoprotein during the postoperative period could be considered a sign for a total removal of the tumor, and, on the contrary -- increasing of alpha-fetoprotein -- for a recurrence.
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PMID:Alpha-fetoprotein in the serum of patients with neoplasms of the gastrointestinal tract. 5 18

Regan isoenzyme, variant alkaline phosphatase, and alpha-fetoprotein were found in the serum of a patient with gastric cancer. The histology of the tumor was tubular adenocarcinoma. There were metastases in the retroperitoneal lymph nodes, but not in the liver. The liver was normal microscopically, with no evidence of bile duct obstruction. alpha-Fetoprotein in the tumor tissue was detected by immunoprecipitation reaction in agar. Regan isoenzyme and variant alkaline phosphatase were also detected in the tumor tissue and total alkaline phosphatase activity of the tissue was very high. These findings suggested their tumor origin.
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PMID:Occurrence of alpha-fetoprotein, Regan isoenzyme, and variant alkaline phosphatase in the serum of a patient with gastric cancer. 5 76

Effects of chemotherapy on twenty-nine histologically proved and alpha-fetoprotein (AFP) -positive hepatomas were evaluated by changes in serum AFP levels according to the criteria of our previous report. By transfemoral local infusion of mitomycin C, six of eight patients showed more than 50 per cent decrease of AFP levels and regression of the tumor, and the others showed fair effects. By single shot infusion, 50 per cent decrease of serum AFP levels and tumor regression were noted only in three of thirteen patients, and chemotherapy by systemic infusion in eight patients was much less effective. As evaluated by AFP levels, histologically well or moderately differentiated hepatocellular carcinomas responded better to chemotherapy than poorly differentiated ones.
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PMID:Evaluation of hepatoma chemotherapy by alpha-fetoprotein determination. 6 Aug 86

The slices of testicular tumors isolated from patients with high serum alpha-fetoprotein (AFP) levels were cultivated in vitro, and the synthesis of some serum proteins, including AFP, was demonstrated. The tumors were produced from yolk sac in rats by fetectomy. The tumors consisted of the various histological structures, such as of teratoma, yolk sac tumor, and very immature tumor. The tumors with yolk sac histology were able to produce AFP. The tumors induced in rats were transplantable, but the well-differentiated histology disappeared after transplantation. The capacity of AFP synthesis in transplanted tumors seemed to be maintained for generations in female rats but not in male rats.
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PMID:Alpha-fetoprotein synthesis in tissue culture of human testicular tumors and an examination of experimental yolk sac tumors in the rat. 6 2

The expression of an "oncodevelopmental" protein, alpha-fetoprotein (AFP), has been systematically studied in rats during normal development and during regeneration of the liver by fetal rat hepatocytes in vitro, in rats bearing transplantable hepatomas, in rats fed chemical carcinogens, and in mice that spontaneously develop hematomas. AFP is a serum protein made normally during fetal and neonatal stages by liver and yolk sac cells. In newborn rats at approximately 4 weeks of age, the production of AFP is abruptly terminated, a process which is closely associated with cessation of liver cell proliferation. In adult rats, AFP production recurs following the reinitiation of hepatic DNA synthesis induced by partial hepatectomy or by the administration of heaptotoxic chemicals. Detailed metabolic and direct labeling studies of fetal rat hepatocytes in vitro also demonstrate a kinetically similar pattern of hepatocyte DNA synthesis and AFP production. In vitro studies utilizing combined autoradiography for DNA-synthesizing cells and immunofluorescence for AFP-containing cells demonstrates that replicating hepatocytes produce AFP, however, available data do not yet permit a distinction between G1 (pre- or postmitotic) and/or G2 production. During growth of an AFP- producing tumor, the serum concentration of AFP may be used as a accurate index of tumor growth, and, if a transplanted tumor is removed, as a marker for metastatic growth of the tumor. Using this model, we have shown that radiation to the lung at the time of surgical removal of a growing tumor in the leg will prevent establishment and growth of pulmonary metastases and that anti-AFP serum treatment may inhibit growth of a transplantable hepatoma that produces AFP. The exposure of rats to chemical hepatocarcinogens results in the appearance of evaluated serum AFP concentration as early as within 1 week of feeding; noncarcinogenic chemical analogs do not cause an elevation. AFP elevation also occurs with low doses of the hepatocarcinogen in the absence of detectable cell injury (by morphological examination of serum enzyme levels) or any other known morphological or biochemical change. This may represent a highly selective derepression of protein synthesis that occurs following the formation of a complex between the metabolites of the carcinogen and specific chromatin loci. Although every rat so far treated with even subcarcinogenic doses of hepatocarcinogens has elevated serum AFP concentrations, many primary carcinogen-induced hepatomas do not produce detectable AFP. Either there is a subsequent change in the preneoplastic AFP-producing cell that occurs prior to irreversible neoplastic alteration, or the hepatocytes originally influenced by the carcinogens to produce AFP are not necessarily the same cells that are the progenitors of the hepatoma produced by more prolonged exposure...
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PMID:Expression of an oncodevelopmental gene product (alpha-fetoprotein) during fetal development and adult oncogenesis. 6 4

Nanogram quantities of alpha-fetoprotein (AFP), a tumor associated fetal protein, were found in the serum of normal adult rabbits by radioimmunoassay. This AFP was isolated and shown to be immunologically identical to fetal AFP by immunodiffusion. Immunizations of rabbits with unmodified to desialylated AFP in complete Freund's adjuvant did not cause antibody formation, indicating the existence of tolerance against homologous AFP. The tolerance could be terminated by immunizing with hapten-coupled AFP, which resulted in production of rabbit antibodies reacting with unmodified rabbit AFP.
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PMID:Rabbit alpha-fetoprotein: normal levels and breakage tolerance with haptenated homologous alpha-fetoprotein. 6 64

All seven pure yolk sac tumors of gonadal and extragonadal origin tested showed a bright positive fluorescence for alpha-fetoprotein in the tumor tissue. A positive reaction was seen in both the tumor cells and the hyaline globules. In all cases, however, the positive fluorescence was distributed in some focal areas of the tumor tissue. Certain tumor cells showed a strong granular intracytoplasmic fluorescence, whereas others showed a weak or a negative fluorescence. The fluorescence-positive tumor cells were located mainly in the areas rich in fluorescence-positive hyaline globules. Besides alpha-fetoprotein, certain plasma proteins--albumin, alpha-1 antitrypsin, and transferrin--were also demonstrated in all five yolk sac tumors tested. The pattern of the distribution of positive fluorescence was basically similar to that of alpha-fetroprotein. Other plasma proteins--orosomucoid, haptoglobin, Gc-globulin, alpha-2 macroglobulin, hemopexin, and ceruloplasmin--were present in certain tumors, and were distributed mainly in a limited number of hyaline globules. Both IgG and IgA were present in two tumors of ovarian origin. The immunoglobulins were for the most part present in extracellular hyaline globules, suggesting that these are taken up from the circulation. Test for fibrinogen, beta-lipoprotein, IgM, IgE, beta-1C/beta-1A and beta-1E globulins were negative or questionable. In a hepatoblastoma, tests for alpha-fetoprotein were positive, but those for other plasma proteins were negative. Fine granular fluorescence was seen in each hepatocellular tumor cell. Mesenchymal elements were virtually unstained.
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PMID:Immunofluorescent demonstration of alpha- fetoprotein and other plasma proteins in yolk sac tumor. 6 8


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