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Query: UMLS:C0027651 (tumor)
 685,946 document(s) hit in 31,850,051 MEDLINE articles (0.00 seconds)

Several reports have shown that the degree of positivity for the AgNOR count can be used to evaluate the aggressiveness of malignancies since it express an increased protein-synthesis activity. This technique was applied to six cases of stage I osseous non-Hodgkin's lymphoma--4 intermediate grade (2 diffuse small, non-cleaved cell and 2 diffuse large, non-cleaved cell lymphomas) and 2 high-grade immunoblastic lymphomas--in order to assess the histologic grade and the number of AgNOR-positive regions. It was noted that survival together with the trend to invade the surrounding soft tissues (i.e., the tumour aggressiveness) correlated with the AgNOR granule count. Both factors were also related with Ki-67 cell-proliferation antibody positivity. Such correlations were even higher than those found with the histologic features conventionally evaluated in the Working Formulation, so they seem to convey more reliable indices of neoplastic growth potential.
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PMID:[Correlation between the grade of histological malignancy and nuclear positivity using the AgNOR technique in 6 cases of isolated bone NHL]. 129 82

Ki-67 labeling index of 58 colorectal carcinomas and 10 normal colonic mucosa samples was determined by the use of an immunohistochemical staining technique. The Ki-67 labeling index in colorectal carcinomas ranged from 15.7 to 63.6% (mean +/- SD of 38.5 +/- 10.5) and was significantly higher than the index for normal colon mucosa (mean +/- SD of 14.1 +/- 2.8). The mean Ki-67 labeling index was significantly higher in Dukes' B and Dukes' C tumors than in Dukes' A tumors, but the index did not correlate with the size of the tumor. There was no correlation between the Ki-67 labeling index of the tumor and lymph node involvement. The present study disclosed that the Ki-67 labeling index correlated with local invasion of colorectal carcinoma, but not with metastasis of the tumor.
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PMID:Ki-67 antibody labeling index in colorectal carcinoma. 129 37

The clinical significance of Thallium-201 single-photon emission computerized tomography (Tl-201 SPECT) in the evaluation of viability of gliomas was studied comparatively with histological examination of tumor tissue using Ki-67 and proliferative cell nuclear antigen (PCNA) monoclonal antibody. The relationship between radionuclide uptake of Tl-201 in tumor specimens and labeling indices of special staining using Ki-67 and PCNA monoclonal antibodies were also studied. The population studied consisted of 17 patients with glioma. Tl-201 indices obtained from early and delayed images and its washout rates were used for quantitative analysis of Tl-201 SPECT findings. Tl-201 indices showed high values according to the histological malignancy of gliomas. Radionuclide uptake of Tl-201 in the tumor specimens were also high in those with high labeling indices of Ki-67 and PCNA. The lesions with marked Tl-201 uptake on early and delayed images had numerous Ki-67 and PCNA positive-stained cells. The lesion with low Tl-201 washout rate therefore reflected well the more viable lesion in the tumor tissue. It is concluded that the viability of gliomas including anaplastic changes and response of gliomas to the treatment can be detected by serial study with Tl-201 SPECT.
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PMID:Clinical significance of thallium-201 single-photon emission computerized tomography (Tl-201 SPECT) in the evaluation of viability of gliomas. 130 9

Fluorescent in situ hybridization (FISH) with biotinated chromosome-specific repetitive DNA probes was used for the cytogenetic study of lung tumors and three cell lines of human lung cancer. The authors utilized a set of satellite DNA probes, specific for chromosomes 7, 17, X, Y in order to detect numerical chromosome aberrations in tumor cell nuclei. Normal diploid human lymphocyte nuclei, which served as the control, have have two signal spots in 95% of nuclei in response to 7, 17 chromosome probes. However, lung cancer cells have numerical heterogeneity, and copy numbers as determined by FISH were not definite with each probe. Discrepancies between cytogenetic and flow cytometric studies in the detection of aneuploidy in some tumors were shown. The number of FISH spots showed a correlation only with the Ki-67 labeling index expressed in proliferating cells. Loss of the Y chromosome in a high percentage of cells was seen by FISH in some tumors from male patients. These data indicate that FISH with chromosome-specific repetitive DNA probes can serve as a cytogenetic tool for the analysis of interphase nuclei of lung tumors with respect to the detection of numerical chromosome abnormalities.
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PMID:[Cytogenetic analysis of lung tumors by in situ hybridization with chromosome-specific DNA probes]. 130 36

EGF-R positivity was shown to be present in 2500 (48%) of 5232 breast tumors in 40 different series of patients. The mean of the percentages of EGF-R positivity in the individual series reported by these 40 different groups of investigators is 45% (range 14-91%). Overall there are generally no clear differences between results obtained by radioligand binding assays, immunological methods, autoradiography, and measurement of EGF-R transcripts although the mean percentage of EGF-R-positive tumors determined by immunological methods tends to be somewhat lower. Nearly all studies indicate a negative relationship between EGF-R and steroid receptor status (28 of 31 studies for ER, 12/19 for PR) showing that EGF-R positivity is twice as high in ER or PR- negative tumors compared to ER or PR- positive tumors (approximately 50-60% vs. 30%). With regard to other prognostic factors the majority of investigators (10/18) also reported a significant (positive) correlation with tumor grade, but only a minority found a significant relationship between EGF-R status and patient age (2/9), menopausal status (1/7), histological type (3/7), tumor size (2/17), nodal status (5-9/20), ploidy (1/7), or proliferation indices (3/9). No relationship was observed with tumor insulin-like growth factor I receptor, PRL receptor (PRL-R), and LHRH receptor (LHRH-R) status, but an inverse relationship between EGF-R and somatostatin receptor may be present. However, it has to be stressed that the series in which the relationship between EGF-R status and other prognostic factors were investigated, contained relatively few patients (mostly less than 100). Therefore, when larger groups of patients are investigated, more significant relationships may be observed, especially with respect to nodal status, tumor ploidy, and proliferation indices. In fact, we calculated the presence of EGF-R positivity overall in 35% of 253 aneuploid tumors vs. in only 15% of 114 diploid tumors (P less than 0.0001). In addition most studies observed a trend, if no significant correlation, between higher EGF-R levels in tumors with the highest percentages of S-phase or Ki-67 expression. With regard to relapse-free and overall survival, five of nine different groups of investigators showed significant prognostic value of EGF-R after short-term (1- to 4-yr) follow-up, indicating that patients with EGF-R-positive tumors have a poor prognosis. However, three of five groups with a maximal follow-up of at least 6 yr found only a tendency for any relationship between EGF-R status and long-term outcome.
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PMID:The clinical significance of epidermal growth factor receptor (EGF-R) in human breast cancer: a review on 5232 patients. 131 56

The expression of a proliferating antigen by Ki-67 immunohistochemistry was evaluated in 32 gastrointestinal carcinoids and in 5 pancreatic islet cell tumors. In the tissue sections the number of labelled nuclei was calculated per tumor area. The tumors were classified as low proliferating (less than 0.3 labelled cells/mm2), medium proliferating (0.3-1 labelled cells/mm2), and high proliferating (greater than 1 labelled cell/mm2). In 26 tumors obtained from patients receiving antitumor therapy (alpha-interferon) the proliferative activity was decreased. In treated midgut carcinoids the proliferative activity in metastatic tissue was significantly reduced (p less than 0.05). Though not statistically significant, primary midgut carcinoids collected from untreated patients displayed a lower proliferative activity than liver metastases. A survival analysis revealed that patients with tumors displaying low proliferative activity had a better survival than those with high proliferative activity (p less than 0.05). Single cell cytofluorometric DNA analyses showed regular diploid stem cell lines in the majority of tumors from untreated patients (9/11 cases). No correlation was found between the calculated proliferative activity and the DNA profile. The obtained results indicate that the expression of a proliferation antigen by Ki-67 immunohistochemistry can be used to evaluate the biological behavior of neuroendocrine tumors of the digestive system and predict survival.
Tumour Biol 1992
PMID:A study of biological behavior based on the expression of a proliferating antigen in neuroendocrine tumors of the digestive system. 131 54

The DNA content and proliferation in 100 invasive breast carcinomas were evaluated by computerized image analysis (IA) and flow cytometry (FCM). For DNA content, image analysis of Feulgen-stained slides of fresh tumor imprints were compared with flow cytometry of propidium iodide-stained disaggregated fresh tumor tissue. The DNA indices obtained by the two methods showed close correlation by linear regression analysis (r = 0.89, p less than .001). There were 44 (44%) diploid and 56 (56%) aneuploid tumors. There was agreement between the two methods in detection of aneuploidy in 81% of tumors. Image analysis required smaller tissue samples, permitted direct visualization and selection of tumor cells, and was more sensitive in detecting tetraploid and highly aneuploid cell populations. In contrast, flow cytometry histograms provided better resolution, and were more effective in detecting multiploid tumors and near-diploid aneuploid tumors. Aneuploidy was significantly related to various adverse prognostic parameters, namely, negative estrogen receptor, high mitotic rate, high histologic and nuclear grades. Proliferation was evaluated by measuring the FCM S phase fraction (SPF), and by image analysis quantitation of immunohistochemical staining using Ki-67 monoclonal antibody. SPF and Ki-67 count showed modest correlation (r = 0.42). Both SPF and Ki-67 count were significantly related to the mitotic rate, histologic and nuclear grades. Our results indicate that the two methods provide comparable results, but offer individual advantages and are complementary techniques in analyzing DNA ploidy and proliferation in breast carcinomas.
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PMID:Quantitative DNA analysis and proliferation in breast carcinomas. A comparison between image analysis and flow cytometry. 132 51

Fifteen primary non-small-cell lung carcinomas (8 adenocarcinomas and 7 squamous-cell carcinomas) were analyzed by multiparameter flow cytometry for their expression of p53 and c-myc proteins. In addition, the fraction of cells staining with the proliferation-associated antibody Ki-67 and DNA ploidy was determined. These 4 biological markers were analyzed in parallel samples from a single-cell suspension made from fresh, frozen biopsies. Thus, the internal relationship between these markers within each tumor-cell population was established. Three different anti-p53 antibodies were used: PAb 421, PAb 1801 and PAb 240. All 15 tumors were p53-positive with the antibodies PAb 1801 and PAb 240, whereas only 9 were positive as judged by the antibody PAb 421. This indicates that the choice of p53 antibody is not irrelevant. Ten tumors were c-myc-positive; 7 of these were adenocarcinomas. The c-myc-positive tumors had a significantly higher level of p53 expression, judged by PAb 1801 and PAb 240, than c-myc-negative tumors. For PAb 421, there was no difference. We did not find any correlation between Ki-67 staining and expression of p53 and c-myc proteins, either with DNA ploidy, S-phase fraction or histological type. Our study indicates that there might be an association between accumulation of p53 protein and c-myc over-expression in non-small-cell lung cancer, and that this in particular might apply to adenocarcinomas. Furthermore, we show that multiparameter flow cytometry is a powerful tool in the study of the relationship between different markers in a cell population.
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PMID:Quantitation of biological tumor markers (p53, c-myc, Ki-67 and DNA ploidy) by multiparameter flow cytometry in non-small-cell lung cancer. 133 53

Like calcium, vitamin D may protect against colorectal neoplasia as it reduces epithelial cell proliferation and induces differentiation. Although its therapeutic use is limited by its effects on calcium metabolism, analogues such as calcipotriol produce little hypercalcaemia. Stathmokinetic and immunohistochemical techniques were used to study the effect of 1,25 (OH)2 D3 and its analogues on cell proliferation in human rectal mucosa and a colon cancer cell line. Paired sigmoidoscopic biopsy specimens were obtained from 17 control patients and five patients with familial adenomatous polyposis. Explants were established in organ culture, with or without the addition of vitamin D. Proliferation was assessed using (1) metaphase arrest to determine the crypt cell production rate (CCPR) and (2) Ki-67 monoclonal antibody directed against an antigen present in proliferating cells. 1,25 (OH)2 D3 in concentrations of 1 microM-100 pM (10(-6)-10(-10) M) reduced the CCPR (cells/crypt/hour) from 4.74 to 2.15-2.67 (p < 0.001), and the Ki-67 labelling index from 7.28-3.74 (p < 0.01). Likewise, vitamin D2, 10 nM (10(-8) M) reduced the CCPR from 4.74-2.74 (p < 0.05) and calcipotriol from 4.86-2.38 (p < 0.05). In familial adenomatous polyposis patients 1,25 (OH)2 D3 100 pM (10(-10) M) halved the CCPR from 8.75-4.22. Calcipotriol (10(-5) M to 10(-9) M) produced a clearcut dose response inhibition of HT-29 cell growth. Thus, vitamin D and its metabolites inhibit proliferation in normal and premalignant rectal epithelium and suppress growth in a colorectal cancer cell line.
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PMID:Vitamin D and its metabolites inhibit cell proliferation in human rectal mucosa and a colon cancer cell line. 133 58

Expression of proliferating cell nuclear antigen/cyclin (PCNA/cyclin) in skin tissue specimens and cultured keratinocytes was studied using a monospecific antibody, obtained from a patient with systemic lupus erythematosus, and a monoclonal antibody. Indirect immunofluorescent staining revealed that cultured keratinocytes obtained from human foreskins expressed PCNA/cyclin as variable nuclear patterns in 15-30% of the cells. In normal human skin tissue specimens, PCNA/cyclin was demonstrated in only a few basal cells. Interestingly, PCNA/cyclin was expressed strongly in almost all the cells of the lowest layer of the epidermis adjacent to squamous cell carcinomas, whereas the tumor aggregates themselves had no positive staining. In contrast, no such characteristic staining was demonstrated in specimens of basal cell carcinoma. The staining pattern of PCNA/cyclin was different from that of Ki-67 in the skin tissue specimens. Our results suggest that PCNA/cyclin could be a useful marker of cell proliferation.
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PMID:Immunohistochemical localization of proliferating cell nuclear antigen/cyclin in human skin. 135 13


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