Gene/Protein Disease Symptom Drug Enzyme Compound
Pivot Concepts:   Target Concepts:
Query: UMLS:C0027651 (tumor)
 685,946 document(s) hit in 31,850,051 MEDLINE articles (0.00 seconds)

Eighteen commercially available antibodies were applied to formalin-fixed, paraffin-embedded neuroblastomas (NBLs, n = 20), ganglioneuroblastomas (GNBLs, n = 7), and ganglioneuromas (GNs, n = 7) to assess their reliability as markers for neuroendocrine differentiation and degree of tumor cell maturation. Incubations with a monoclonal antibody to neuron-specific enolase resulted in positive reactions in all tumors, with consistently strong staining intensities in moderate and well-differentiated NBLs, GNBLs, and GNs. Antibodies to dopamine beta-hydroxylase and protein gene product (PGP) 9.5 reacted with all tumors except two NBLs. Among the antibodies directed to chromogranins and related proteins, HISL19 was most reliable (33/34) followed by endocrine granule constituent (EGC) (30/34), chromogranin A (LK2H10) (21/34), and chromogranin A + B (CGA + B) (19/34), in proving the existence of endocrine granules in tumor cells and Neurofilament (70 + 200 kD) immunoreactivity was demonstrated in all tumors except two undifferentiated NBLs. S-100 protein-immunoreactive cells were visualized with increasing frequency in highly differentiated GNBLs and GNs, whereas Leu 7 immunoreactivity was restricted to ganglioneuromas. We conclude that antibodies directed to neuron-specific enolase, HISL19, dopamine beta-hydroxylase, neurofilaments, EGC, LK2H10, and leucocyte common antigen represent markers that might be useful in the discrimination of GNBLs from non-neuroendocrine round and small cell tumors in routinely processed tissue. Antibodies to neuron-specific enolase, PGP 9.5, different chromogranins, neurofilaments, vasoactive intestinal peptide (VIP), and S-100 protein may help to determine the grade of tumor cell maturation.
 ...
PMID:Diagnostic immunohistochemistry of neuroblastic tumors. 153 Aug 5

Tumour samples from 38 patients with neuroblastoma were analysed for the presence of N-myc amplification. N-myc gene copy number in tumour DNA was determined by Southern blotting, and by dilution analysis where appropriate. Available clinical data, obtained at tissue collection and by subsequent questionnaire included patient age at diagnosis, catecholamine, ferritin and neuron-specific enolase levels, treatment and disease status. This study was designed to investigate the use of N-myc amplification data as an additional indicator for determination of prognosis. Patients with amplified N-myc had more rapid disease progression than those without amplification (P less than 0.005). Stratification of Stage III and IV patients using N-myc amplification permitted identification of a subgroup with poorer prognosis. The results demonstrate that determination of N-myc amplification is important in assessment of prognosis and subsequent treatment in patients with neuroblastoma.
 ...
PMID:Association of N-myc amplification with neuroblastoma: the Australian and New Zealand experience. 155 17

Granular change of leiomyoma or granular cell leiomyoma is rare and not well recognized. It may be confused with the common variety of granular cell tumor, which is currently regarded as being of schwannian origin. A case of granular cell leiomyoma in the periurethral region of a 40-year-old woman is reported. Microscopy indicated that the tumor consisted of polygonal or fusiform cells with coarse, granular eosinophilic cytoplasm. Immunohistochemically, the tumor cells were positive for desmin and actin, but negative for neuron-specific enolase and S-100 protein. Electron microscopy revealed myofilaments in the tumor cells, thus documenting the myogenic origin of the granular cells. The granules were ultrastructurally similar to those of granular cell schwannoma as described in the literature. It is likely that granular cell tumor arises from different tissues.
 ...
PMID:Leiomyoma exhibiting a marked granular change: granular cell leiomyoma versus granular cell schwannoma. 155 43

Gallbladder carcinoid tumor seen in a 62-year-old woman is described. The neoplasm with typical histologic features of classic carcinoid tumor was a 10 x 8 x 3 mm polyp at the neck of the gallbladder. The argyrophilic tumor cells were diffusely immunoreactive for neuron-specific enolase, cystatin C, chromogranin A and pancreatic polypeptide. A few cells were further positive for somatostatin. The presence of neurosecretory-type granules was confirmed ultrastructurally. The clinicopathologic significance of polypoid presentation of gallbladder carcinoid tumor is emphasized.
 ...
PMID:Pancreatic polypeptide-immunoreactive gallbladder carcinoid tumor. 156 82

Three girls, one 14 and two 15 years of age, with the recently described neoplasm that has been designated "intra-abdominal desmoplastic small round cell tumor with divergent differentiation," and ovarian involvement at presentation are described. In two cases the ovarian tumor was initially thought to be the primary neoplasm. In all cases there was extensive extraovarian tumor at the time of presentation. The ovarian involvement was bilateral in two cases and unilateral in the third. Microscopic examination showed prominent nodular growth within the ovaries. The tumors were characterized predominantly by nests of small cells with hyperchromatic nuclei and scant cytoplasm separated by a prominent desmoplastic stroma. A few tubules containing mucinous secretion were present in one case. On immunohistochemical staining many of the tumor cells stained positively for cytokeratin, epithelial membrane antigen, desmin, and vimentin. Staining for neuron-specific enolase was present in two cases but was conspicuous in only one of them. Leu-7 was expressed by the tumor cells in two cases, and S-100 protein by one, giving further support to the possibility of neuroectodermal differentiation within some of these neoplasms. The two cases studied by electron microscopy both showed frequent intercellular junctions, basal lamina, cytoplasmic filaments, and sparse, small dense granules of either neuroendocrine or lysosomal type. Paranuclear aggregates of filaments were found in one case and cellular processes were prominent in the other case. The differential diagnosis in these cases was extensive and included a number of small cell tumors that may involve the ovary, either primarily or secondarily, in young females. The desmoplastic small round cell tumor should be considered in such cases when the appearances on routine examination are consistent with the diagnosis, and appropriate immunohistochemical stains should be performed to confirm the diagnosis.
 ...
PMID:Ovarian involvement by the intra-abdominal desmoplastic small round cell tumor with divergent differentiation: a report of three cases. 156 48

A retrospective analysis of seven patients with intraventricular neurocytoma is presented. Patient age at diagnosis ranged from 15 to 38 years (mean 24.6 years) and the male:female ratio was 6:1. Raised intracranial pressure due to hydrocephalus was the main cause of the clinical manifestations. An isodense mass with multiple intratumoral cysts and homogeneous contrast enhancement was the characteristic computerized tomography finding. The lesions commonly involved the lateral ventricle with or without extension to the third ventricle. Cerebral angiography showed homogeneous vascular staining in five patients. Magnetic resonance images revealed a mass isointense with the cerebral cortex on both T1- and T2-weighted images. Gadolinium-diethylenetriaminepenta-acetic acid-enhanced images showed homogeneous enhancement. Total removal of the tumor was possible in four patients. Pathologically, six cases were initially diagnosed as oligodendroglioma and the remaining case as ependymoma. However, immunohistochemical studies demonstrated strong positivity for neuron-specific enolase in all seven cases and for synaptophysin in five cases. On electron microscopy, three cases showed well-defined neurosecretory granules and 10-nm microtubules in their cytoplasm and cytoplasmic processes. One patient developed a recurrent tumor 18 months after surgery. The remaining six patients are free of recurrent tumors at 2 to 62 months after surgery. It is suggested that neurocytoma must be included in the differential diagnosis of intraventricular lesions, and that electron microscopic and immunohistochemical studies should be undertaken.
 ...
PMID:Intraventricular neurocytoma: clinicopathological analysis of seven cases. 156 38

We here report a unique case of a young boy with an intrathoracic tumor which consisted of neurogenic and myogenic elements. The initial pathological diagnosis was alveolar rhabdomyosarcoma. The tumor tissue from surgical resection was composed of three parts, each showing a different histological appearance, i.e. a monotonous small cell area, an alveolar area, and an area consisting of pleomorphic rhabdomyoblasts. The small round cells in the monotonous area were immunoreactive with the antibodies for Leu7, neuron-specific enolase (NSE), neurofilament proteins (NFP), and beta 2 microglobulin, but not with the antibody for desmin. These cells also had dense core granules. The tumor cells in the alveolar area were immunoreactive with the antibodies for Leu7 and desmin, but not with the antibody for NFP. Pleomorphic rhabdomyoblasts were immunoreactive with the antibody for desmin, but not with the antibodies for Leu7 and NFP. These findings imply that this tumor consisted of neurogenic and myogenic elements and is considered to be a special type of rhabdomyosarcoma.
 ...
PMID:A case of small round cell tumor of the thoracopulmonary region with myogenic and neurogenic elements. 158 Jan 55

Five patients had eyelid and periocular Merkel cell carcinoma. The tumor was located on the left lower eyelid in two patients, the left upper eyelid in one patient, the right upper eyelid in one patient, and was metastatic to the right outer canthus in one patient. The mean duration of symptoms was approximately four months. The diagnosis of Merkel cell carcinoma was not suspected clinically in any of the four primary eyelid cases, but was only established on histopathologic examination of biopsy specimens. Light microscopy disclosed carcinoma with small primitive cells in all five tumor biopsy specimens. Immunohistochemical studies showed neuron-specific enolase and keratin and transmission electron microscopy demonstrated neurosecretory granules typical for Merkel cell carcinoma. All five patients in this study were treated with wide surgical excision of the eyelid tumors with intraoperative frozen-section monitoring of the margins of resection. The left lower eyelid Merkel cell carcinoma spread to the preauricular lymph node in one patient. This patient subsequently died of metastatic Merkel cell carcinoma. One patient with metastatic right outer canthus Merkel cell carcinoma received radiotherapy (6,550 cGy). Eyelid Merkel cell carcinoma has the potential for recurrence and metastatic spread. We recommend lifetime follow-up for patients treated for eyelid Merkel cell carcinoma.
 ...
PMID:Merkel cell carcinoma of the eyelid and periocular tissues. 159 58

Three spindle cell neoplasms were encountered in a series of 46 FNA of the adrenal performed between 1984 and 1991. These neoplasms included a recurrent undifferentiated adrenal cortical carcinoma (ACC) with a predominant spindle cell pattern, a pheochromocytoma (PC), and a metastatic desmoplastic malignant melanoma (DMM). Cytologically, the ACC was characterized by the presence of numerous microtissue fragments composed of spindle-shaped malignant cells with oval to spindle-shaped nuclei, one or more nucleoli, and bipolar cytoplasmic processes. In some areas the tumor cells were dissected by vascular channels. The background contained abundant metachromatic stroma as well as individually scattered tumor cells. The PC was composed predominantly of loosely cohesive spindle-shaped cells along with more polygonal shaped cells with delicate faintly staining granular cytoplasm. The tumor cells exhibited mild anisonucleosis. The tumor fragments were well vascularized by arborizing delicate capillary channels. The DMM was composed of microtissue fragments, interlacing fascicles and loose aggregates of spindle-shaped malignant cells with hyperchromatic nuclei, small nucleoli, and an absence of cytoplasmic pigment. In each case ancillary studies including immunocytochemistry and electron microscopy (EM) were helpful in the differential diagnosis. The ACC was negative for cytokeratins, neuron-specific enolase (NSE), and muscle-specific actin (HHF), but displayed strong positivity for vimentin as well as characteristic whorls of smooth endoplasmic reticulum by EM. The PC was positive for NSE and chromogranin with no EM performed. The DMM stained for S-100 and vimentin but was negative for HMB-45, cytokeratin, and HHF. EM examination revealed rare atypical premelanosomes.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)
 ...
PMID:Fine-needle aspiration cytology of spindle cell neoplasms of the adrenal gland. 160 81

We report a case of intracystic papillary carcinoma of the male breast in a 70-year-old male Caucasian. Grossly, the tumor was a cystic lesion measuring 6 cm in diameter. It contained hemorrhagic fluid and a mural nodule with filiform projections. PAS stain with and without digestion revealed small clumps of diastase-resistant material in the cytoplasm of the neoplastic cells. Grimelius stain was positive. Immunoperoxidase stains were negative for neuron-specific enolase, S100 protein, cromogranin and synaptophysin and were positive for carcinoembryonic antigen and epithelial membrane antigen. On ultrastructural examination the neoplastic cells showed membrane-bound, dense-core secretory granules. We believe that this neoplasm, despite negative neuroendocrine markers, is a variant of mammary adenocarcinoma with endocrine differentiation, partly because of the positive Grimelius stain and partly because of the presence of electron-dense granules, which according to some authors represent lactational differentiation.
 ...
PMID:Intracystic papillary carcinoma of the male breast. A case report (histochemical, immunohistochemical and ultrastructural study). 160 58


<< Previous 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 Next >>