Gene/Protein Disease Symptom Drug Enzyme Compound
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Query: UMLS:C0027651 (tumor)
 685,946 document(s) hit in 31,850,051 MEDLINE articles (0.00 seconds)

In two cases of solid and papillary neoplasm of the pancreas (SPN), positive staining for argyrophil granules, chromogranin-A, neuron-specific enolase, chymotrypsin, alpha 1-antitrypsin, vimentin, cytokeratin, and estrogen receptors was present. Ultrastructurally, neurosecretory as well as zymogenlike granules were demonstrated. Measurements of mean nuclear volume and volume-corrected mitotic index discriminated between SPN and well-differentiated ductal adenocarcinoma of the pancreas, with notably lower values being seen in SPN. Silver-stained nucleolar organizer region counts showed wide overlaps. The results suggest that SPN is a tumor with mixed endocrine and exocrine features. Its low malignant potential compared to ductal adenocarcinoma is reflected in the mean nuclear volume and volume-corrected mitotic index. The presence of estrogen receptors may prove therapeutically useful.
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PMID:Solid and papillary neoplasm of the pancreas. 144 85

Cytologic findings of clear cell sarcoma obtained by fine needle aspiration (FNA) of a tumor are described. The tumor probably originated in the retroperitoneal tissue, and the diagnosis was confirmed histologically by open biopsy. Percutaneous needle aspirates of the intraabdominal tumor and touch preparations obtained from the open biopsy specimen revealed numerous atypical cells with an extremely hyperchromatic nucleus, prominent nucleoli and clear cytoplasm. The cytoplasm was rich in glycogen. The immunocytochemical technique demonstrated S-100 protein and neuron-specific enolase in the cytoplasm, both of which were exhibited also in the histologic specimen. Clear cell sarcoma is a rare tumor of soft tissue, and to our knowledge, detailed cytologic appearances of this tumor obtained by FNA have not been reported. In addition, the present tumor was unique in location. It is possible to diagnose clear cell sarcoma accurately on an FNA cytologic specimen if the periodic acid-Schiff stain and immunocytochemical technique are utilized in addition to the routine Papanicolaou method.
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PMID:Fine needle aspiration cytology of clear cell sarcoma. Report of a case with immunocytochemical, immunohistochemical and ultrastructural studies. 144 32

A 69-year-old man complaining of longstanding hearing loss and mild otorrhea was found to have a mass obliterating the external auditory canal and polypous tympanic mucosa with accompanying absence of the tympanic membrane and ossicular chain. Tumors excised from the external auditory canal and tympanum showed histologic features essentially characteristic of a carcinoid tumor: a ribbon or festoon arrangement of tumor cells, formation of anastomosing cords and glandular spaces, presence of numerous argyrophilic as well as argentaffin secretory granules within many of the tumor cells, and ultrastructural evidence of neurosecretory granules in the tumor cell cytoplasm. Immunohistochemically, the tumor was found to contain not only neuronal marker substances such as neuron-specific enolase, S-100 protein and chromogranin A, but also serotonin and multiple peptide hormones such as pancreatic polypeptide, glucagon, cholecystokinin and leucine-enkephalin. A review of the pathology of 17 previous cases of carcinoid of the middle ear suggested that this type of carcinoid may have a variegated hormone profile among carcinoids of foregut origin, and hormonally may resemble ileal carcinoid arising from the midgut, although their histogenetic origins may differ, because of frequent production of serotonin.
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PMID:Carcinoid tumor of the middle ear containing serotonin and multiple peptide hormones. A case report and review of the pathology literature. 144 56

Thirteen cases of alveolar soft part sarcoma were studied clinicopathologically and by the PAP technique antisera against desmin, myoglobin, S-100 protein, neuron-specific enolase (NSE). We suggested, light microscopically, the main points for diagnosis and differential diagnosis of alveolar soft part sarcoma. Immunohistochemically, the tumor cells reacted positively for desmin (five cases), myoglobin (three cases) and NSE (four cases). No immunoreactivity for S-100 protein was observed. Similar results had been reported by others. No definite conclusion about histogenesis of alveolar soft part sarcoma could be drawn from the small number of cases in this study.
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PMID:[Alveolar soft part sarcoma: a clinicopathologic and immunohistochemical study of 13 cases]. 145 60

The immunoreactivity of a panel of poly- and monoclonal antibodies raised against different neuronal and glial antigens, was studied in paraffin-embedded specimens of five pineocytomas. Antibodies against neuron-specific enolase (NSE), S-100 protein, neurofilaments protein (NFP), glial fibrillar acidic protein (GFAP), myelin basic protein (MBP), Synaptophysin (SYN) and vimentin were used. NSE immunoreactivity was detectable in nearly all tumoral cells. S-100 expression was present in all tumors, but a significant variation in the number of S-100 positive cells was noted in the different specimens; they ranged from 3% of S-100 positive cells in some areas of case 1, to 30% in other areas of case 4. The number of GFAP-positive cells detected in four of the five tumors was minimal. In the remaining tumor, 10% to 14% the positively GFAP antisera-stained cells could be seen in some areas; this tumor was considered a pineocytoma with astrocytic differentiation. MBP immunoreactivity was found in isolated cells only in one tumor. Neurofilaments or vimentin expression could not be found in tumoral cells. Synaptophysin was studied in two tumors (cases 4 and 5). Both tumors showed a fine granular neuropil pattern of immunoreactivity, but only in isolated cells of case 5, occasional cytoplasmic positivity could be determined. Based upon our results we can conclude that NSE and synaptophysin are markers that may be applied in the diagnosis of pineocytomas. Further, our results support the hypothesis that the tumoral cells in these neoplasms are of neuroendocrine origin.
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PMID:Immunohistochemical characterization of pineocytomas. 147 13

To verify the practical utility of immunohistochemical analysis of bone marrow biopsy specimens in patients with neuroblastoma, we compared the results of routine histologic examination of 68 specimens with the results of immunohistochemical detection of tumor cells using an antibody to neuron-specific enolase (NSE). A commercially available polyclonal antibody to this enolase isoform consistently reacted with the neoplastic cells in biopsy specimens with histologic features diagnostic of (24 specimens) or suspicious for (one specimen) metastatic neuroblastoma. Immunohistochemical double-staining techniques documented that the NSE-positive neoplastic cells also reacted with antibodies to chromogranin and synaptophysin. Notably, anti-NSE detected small foci of metastatic neuroblastoma in two of 43 biopsy specimens that showed no evidence of metastatic tumor in the initial histologic sections. Rare NSE-reactive hematopoietic cells were present in approximately a third of the specimens with and those without neuroblastoma and were easily distinguished from metastatic tumor by morphologic examination. We conclude that this antibody to NSE consistently detects neuroblastoma cells in routinely processed bone marrow specimens, including small foci of tumor cells not evident in initial histologic sections.
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PMID:Detection of metastatic neuroblastoma in bone marrow biopsy specimens with an antibody to neuron-specific enolase. 149 35

The HBA71 antigen is an M(r) 30,000/32,000 cell surface glycoprotein (p30/32MIC2), encoded by the pseudoautosomal MIC2 gene on chromosomes X and Y, that is expressed in Ewing's sarcomas. Immunohistochemical studies demonstrate a striking specificity for HBA71 among neoplasms of diverse histologic types. In the present study, 43 cases of Ewing's sarcoma of bone were tested for HBA71 expression and six additional immunohistochemical markers regularly used in the differential diagnosis of small round-cell tumors of childhood and adolescence (neuron-specific enolase, vimentin, leukocyte common antigen, cytokeratins, muscle-specific actin, desmin). The study design included (a) random selection of Ewing's sarcoma cases from the files of Memorial Hospital beginning in 1968, (b) blind review of the original histopathologic diagnoses of ES, (c) side-by-side immunohistochemical study of recut histologic specimens, and (d) statistical analysis of immunohistochemical findings in view of clinical outcome. Of the seven antigens studied, only HBA71, neuron-specific enolase and vimentin were expressed in a significant proportion of cases. Forty-one of the 43 cases were HBA71+ (95% sensitivity); of these, 21 were neuron-specific enolase+, 29 were vimentin+, and 15 were both neuron-specific enolase+ and vimentin+. One tumor lacked all antigens, and one was vimentin+ only. Comparison of tumor tissues in five patients obtained before and after cytostatic chemotherapy showed no change in HBA71 expression or in the other antigens tested. Product-limit survival analysis (median disease-free survival was 27.3 months for the study cohort) revealed no significance of neuron-specific enolase or vimentin marker status. These results raise doubts about the usefulness of neuron-specific enolase and vimentin immunohistochemistry to distinguish Ewing's sarcoma from other small round-cell tumors of childhood and adolescence or as prognostic indicators in Ewing's sarcoma. The positive identification of Ewing's sarcoma of bone now becomes a reality using HBA71 immunohistochemistry, either as a sole method or in combination with chromosomal breakpoint analysis. This may result in achieving uniform diagnostic criteria for evaluating the biologic, therapeutic, and prognostic aspects of Ewing's sarcoma and related neoplasms.
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PMID:Comparison of cell surface antigen HBA71 (p30/32MIC2), neuron-specific enolase, and vimentin in the immunohistochemical analysis of Ewing's sarcoma of bone. 149 15

Perineurial cells, which normally surround the nerve fascicles within a nerve, can be distinguished from Schwann cells by their immunoreactivity for epithelial membrane antigen (EMA) and lack of reactivity for S-100 protein. We report two cases of perineurioma, a tumor composed exclusively of perineurial cells and distinct from other nerve sheath tumors. The first case involved a deep, soft-tissue mass of the neck, and the second involved a tumor located in the infraclavicular subcutaneous tissue. Both tumors were well circumscribed. Histologically, they were hypocellular and composed of spindle cells possessing elongated nuclei and bipolar, wavy, slender, strikingly elongated cytoplasmic processes, disposed in a background of collagen in the form of short bundles and whorls. In the first case, there were frequent calcospherites and remnants of a small nerve at the periphery. The spindle cells stained for EMA but not S-100 protein, chromogranin, neuron-specific enolase or Leu-7. Ultrastructurally, they possessed long cytoplasmic processes with incomplete basal lamina and occasional pinocytotic vesicles. Axons were not identified. Review of the literature shows that genuine perineuriomas are rare, and most cases reported as such are merely examples of localized hypertrophic neuropathy, a mononeuropathy characterized by fusiform swelling of a nerve, usually in the extremities. The involved segment in localized hypertrophic neuropathy contains distended fascicles composed of whorls of perineurial cells and fibrous tissue entrapping residual axons, probably representing a hyperplastic reaction to nerve damage. The term perineurioma should be reserved for the neoplasm composed only of perineurial cells and presenting as a soft tissue tumor.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)
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PMID:Perineurioma: an uncommon soft tissue neoplasm distinct from localized hypertrophic neuropathy and neurofibroma. 149 16

A rapidly growing neoplasm in the buccal mucosa of a 4-month-old baby was excised. By light and electron microscopy the neoplasm had features that were similar to those described in infantile hemangiopericytoma, a rare neoplasm of vascular origin. By light microscopy the neoplasm was multilobular with highly proliferating round to spindle-shaped cells interspersed with numerous vascular spaces. Ultrastructurally, round to elongated cells with short processes, pinocytotic vesicles, reduplicated basal lamina, and basal lamina-like material were identified. Immunohistochemically the cells were weakly positive with antibodies to vimentin, focally positive with HHF-35, a smooth-muscle cell antibody, negative with antibodies to S-100 protein, T-200, neuron-specific enolase, neurofilaments, desmin, and cytokeratins 35BH11 and 34BE12. Blood vessels were positive with Ulexeuropaeuslectin, but tumor cells were negative. Reticulin stain decorated a delicate network of fibrils surrounding tumor cells and vascular spaces. Clinically the neoplasm did not recur and the baby has been disease free for more than 26 months. The difficulty of the histologic diagnosis of this neoplasm is discussed and the literature is reviewed, with special emphasis on lesions occurring in the oral cavity.
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PMID:Intraoral infantile hemangiopericytoma: literature review and addition of a case. 151 48

Cultures of fetal rat brain cell aggregates and tumor spheroids from the human glioma cell line GaMG were treated with epidermal growth factor (EGF), fibroblast growth factor (FGF) or isoforms of platelet-derived growth factor (PDGF AA or BB). Radioreceptor binding studies displayed a high binding capacity for EGF and FGF, but not binding of PDGF isoforms in the glioma cells. In serum-free culture, 10 ng/ml of both EGF and FGF caused increased growth and cell shedding in the tumor spheroids, whereas PDGF produced no such effect. Similarly, EGF and FGF stimulated tumor cell migration. EGF increased the proliferation and outgrowth of glial fibrillary acidic protein (GFAP)-positive cells in brain cell aggregates, while PDGF AA and BB both stimulated the outgrowth of oligodendrocyte-like cells which were negative for GFAP and neuron-specific enolase. FGF stimulated GFAP+ as well as GFAP- cell types. In co-culture experiments using brain aggregates and tumor spheroids, both EGF and FGF treatment caused increased tumor cell invasion. PDGF had no effect on the tumor cells, but instead stimulated the proliferation of oligodendrocyte-like cells in the brain aggregates. The present results indicate that growth factors may facilitate glioma growth as well as invasiveness, and cause reactive changes in the surrounding normal tissue.
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PMID:Effects of growth factors on a human glioma cell line during invasion into rat brain aggregates in culture. 152 73


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