Gene/Protein Disease Symptom Drug Enzyme Compound
Pivot Concepts:   Target Concepts:
Query: UMLS:C0027651 (tumor)
 685,946 document(s) hit in 31,850,051 MEDLINE articles (0.00 seconds)

A total resection of a left frontal lobe tumor in a 26-year-old man revealed differentiated ganglioglioma with small foci of atypical glial cells exhibiting mild atypia. Six and one-half years later, a large, well-demarcated tumor recurred; at that time, histological analysis revealed both typical ganglioglioma and highly cellular anaplastic areas, the latter predominating. Although the patient subsequently underwent total and subtotal resections, radiation therapy, and chemotherapy, tumors continued to recur at progressively shorter intervals and he died at the age of 35 years. Biopsies of tissue obtained at the last three resections and the autopsy revealed only anaplastic tumor cells. Routine histological examinations indicated that these tumors were uniformly composed of undifferentiated cells. However, pathological studies using immunohistochemical analysis, electron microscopy, and immunoblot analysis demonstrated that a small number of recurrent anaplastic cells had astrocytic features. Results of Ki-67/MIB-1 labeling and silver nucleolar organizer region counts for those cells were high for glial tumors. A retrospective study of the initial tumor showed slightly high MIB-1 labeling for atypical glial cells. This case is characterized by pathological findings of recurrent tumors that correspond to an unusual form of malignant glioma exhibiting slight astrocytic differentiation. The present case suggests that a longer follow-up period ( > 5 years) is necessary in cases of ganglioglioma with mild atypia and that careful examinations, including proliferating potential analysis of initial tumor cells, could be important for the diagnosis and treatment of ganglioglioma.
 ...
PMID:Recurrent anaplastic ganglioglioma: pathological characterization of tumor cells. Case report. 884 72

The infantile fibrosarcoma, a rare tumor phenotypically similar to the adult fibrosarcoma, frequently has a benign course marked by spontaneous regression. Because biologic mechanisms responsible for this regression remain unexplained, an investigation of the role of apoptotic cell death is warranted. The rate of apoptotic cell death has been compared in five cases each of infantile and adult fibrosarcoma by quantitative estimation of in situ DNA double strand breaks. Although positively stained apoptotic cells are evident in all 10 cases, the apoptotic index is significantly higher in infantile cases (mean 6.6% +/- 0.80) compared to adult cases (mean 0.5% +/- 0.08). The proliferative (MIB-1) index of each specimen has been calculated by immunostaining for cell cycle phase-dependent Ki-67 antigen with MIB-1 antibody. Infantile cases have a significantly lower proliferative (MIB-1) index (mean 0.4 +/- 0.15) than adult counterparts (mean 15.9 +/- 3.76). The relatively benign course of the infantile fibrosarcoma may be due to two factors--a significantly lower proliferative (MIB-1) index coupled with enhanced apoptosis.
 ...
PMID:A comparative study of apoptosis and cell proliferation in infantile and adult fibrosarcomas. 885 38

Tumour samples from 150 patients with squamous cell carcinoma of the oesophagus were investigated immunohistochemically with the monoclonal antibody MIB-1, which recognises proliferating cells. Using light microscopy, the number of MIB-1-positive tumour cells was counted in the areas with the highest proliferative activity. The MIB-1 index was determined as the proportion of MIB-1-positive and MIB-1-negative tumour cells. A considerable variation of the MIB-1 indices was found between the different tumours with a minimum of 6% and a maximum of 95% (median, 33%). The MIB-1 index correlated significantly with the mitotic activity in the tumour tissue (r = 0.33; P = 0.0001) and with the proportion of apoptotic tumour cells (r = 0.25; P = 0.0017). No significant correlation was found between the MIB-1 index and various other prognostic parameters including pT classification, pN classification, tumour grade, blood vessel invasion and lymphatic vessel invasion. In the univariate survival analysis no significant difference was found between tumours with low (< or = 33%) and high MIB-1 index (> 33%) 5-year survival rate: low MIB-1 index, 19.2%; high MIB-1 index, 22.2%). In a Cox proportional hazard regression analysis only the parameters lymphatic vessel invasion (P = 0.0001), pT classification (P = 0.0034) and pN classification (P = 0.0256), but not the MIB-1 index, could be verified as independent prognostic variables. In conclusion, evaluation of the MIB-1 index does not provide prognostic information for oesophageal cancer patients.
 ...
PMID:The prognostic significance of tumour cell proliferation in squamous cell carcinomas of the oesophagus. 885 67

We examined the growth potential of 17 medulloblastomas by single and double immunohistochemical staining with bromodeoxyuridine (BUdR) and MIB 1, a monoclonal antibody for Ki-67 protein, in serial sections of ethanol-fixed, paraffin-embedded tissues; we also assessed the heterogeneity of the immunoreactivity in the tumors. In the most active areas, the BUdR labeling index (LI) was 6.8 to 26.9% (HCl hydrolysis) and 7.5 to 28.8% (microwave heating), and the MIB 1 proliferating cell index (PCl) was 14.9 to 56.5%. Linear regression analysis showed that the BUdR LI correlated with the MIB 1 PCI (p < 0.001). The ratio of MIB 1-positive to BUdR-positive cells was 2.2 +/- 0.4 by both single and double staining. BUdR-positive nuclei were heterogeneously distributed in all cases, especially in areas with scattered foci of necrosis. Three tumors had areas with many MIB 1-positive but few BUdR-positive nuclei; these areas were associated with recent tumor necrosis. However, in most of the tumors, the densities of BUdR-positive and MIB 1-positive cells changed concomitantly from area to area. These changes were clearly shown by double immunostaining. Thus, transcapillary passage of BUdR does not appear to be impeded in most medulloblastomas. This study suggests that MIB 1 immunostaining provides essentially the same data as BUdR labeling for assessing the proliferative potential of medulloblastomas.
 ...
PMID:Comparison of bromodeoxyuridine uptake and MIB 1 immunoreactivity in medulloblastomas determined with single and double immunohistochemical staining methods. 885 17

Six cases of subependymal giant cell astrocytoma (SGCA), five associated with tuberous sclerosis (TS), were reviewed by light microscopy, electron microscopy and immunohistochemistry. Histologically, all cases showed features typical of SGCA. GFAP and neurofilament expression were found in all cases. Synaptophysin and myelin basic protein were positive in single different cases. The MIB-1 positive rate was 0% in 4 cases, 3% in a case with recurrence after a partial resection, and 6.4% in another case with a rapid growing tumor. By electron microscope, glial filament was identified in the tumor cells of all cases, whereas none of them showed any ultrastructural evidence of a neuronal origin. We therefore suggest that SGCA is a glial origin tumor, arising from the astrocytic part of a subependymal nodule--the most common cerebral lesion of tuberous sclerosis caused by distorted migration of the germinal mantle-the neuronal part of which remains as entrapped remnants of dysgenetic, incompletely expressed neuronal cells.
 ...
PMID:Immunohistochemical and electron microscopic study of subependymal giant cell astrocytoma. 886 92

Recent studies of mesenchymal cells of the dermis using antibodies to factor XIIIa (FXIIIa) and CD34 have demonstrated immunophenotypic heterogeneity amongst the normal resident spindle/dendritic cells of the dermis. These immunohistochemical markers also have been reported to be useful in the distinction between two dermal mesenchymal tumors of uncertain histogenetic origin - the dermatofibroma (DF) and dermatofibrosarcoma protuberans (DFSP). DFs are FXIIIa positive, CD34 negative while DFSPs are FXIIIa negative and CD34 positive. Expression of CD34 may also have histogenetic implications for these cutaneous neoplasms. In order to further study these tumors we studied 13 DFs and 12 DFSPs immunohistochemically using a microwave antigen retrieval technique in formalin fixed, paraffin embedded tissue with antibodies to FXIIIa, CD34, CD45, factor VIII related antigen (FVIII-RA), the Ki-67 antigen (MIB-1 antibody) and the lectin Ulex europaeus. Of the DFs, all 13 were FXIIIa positive; 12/13 were CD34 negative and 1 was strongly CD34 positive. All DFSPs were FXIIIa negative and CD34 positive. One DFSP also contained an area of fibrosarcoma which was negative for both markers. All tumors were negative with anti-FVIII-RA Ulex europaeus, and anti-CD45. MIB-1 staining demonstrated nuclear staining of the tumor cells in both DFs and DFSPs. Image analysis of MIB-1 stained sections revealed a significant difference in mean percent positive nuclear area between DFs (1.16% +/- 0.405) and DFSPs (2.265% +/- 0.963). In summary, FXIIIa reliably distinguished between DFs and DFSPs; however, CD34 immunoreactivity can be seen in DFs. No evidence for vascular or hematopoietic origin of these tumors was found using microwave antigen retrieval and anti-FVIII-RA, Ulex europaeus, or CD45 staining. With microwave enhancement trypsin was not necessary for FXIIIa staining; however, it did not significantly enhance detection of FVIII-RA, CD45, or Ulex antigens. DF and DFSP tumor cells are in the cell cycle as demonstrated by MIB-1 staining and there are significant differences in percent positive nuclear area between these neoplasms, being higher in DFSP compared to DF.
 ...
PMID:Dermatofibroma and dermatofibrosarcoma protuberans: an immunohistochemical study reveals distinctive antigenic profiles. 886 61

A consecutive series of six patients underwent operative resection of intramedullary spinal cord subependymomas between January 1981 and August 1993. Three men and three women between the ages of 26 and 66 years experienced symptoms for a mean of 50 months preceding diagnosis. The locations of the tumors were predominantly cervical or cervicothoracic, except in one patient. At operation, a complete extirpation was achieved in each patient. No patient received further adjunct therapy. There has been no tumor recurrence in any patient after a mean follow-up period of 39 months. Most of the intramedullary spinal cord tumors are either ependymomas or astrocytomas. Clinical histories, physical examinations, and radiographic investigations are not conclusive for absolute diagnosis of subependymomas; however, intraoperative gross observations have shown these well-demarcated tumors to be located eccentrically within the spinal cord. Pathological examinations demonstrate tumors with sparse cellularity, clustering of cells, and dense fibrillary stroma. Proliferation studies with the mouse monoclonal antibody MIB-1 reconfirm the slow growth potential of these benign tumors.
 ...
PMID:Intramedullary subependymoma of the spinal cord. 888 Jul 88

In this retrospective study we have investigated the expression of Ki-67 and p53 in 175 random cases of cutaneous squamous cell carcinomas by using the monoclonal antibodies MIB-1 and DO-1, respectively. The expression of these antibodies was compared with various histological parameters of prognostic significance. The staining results were also compared with the clinical outcome of the patients. MIB-1 and DO-1 staining showed statistically significant correlation with histopathological grade of the tumor (p < 0.0001 and p = 0.0016, respectively). The degree of immunolabelling of these antibodies also showed significant correlation with tumor depth and tumor thickness (MIB-1 thickness p = 0.02 and depth p = 0.026, and DO-1 thickness p = 0.014 and depth p = 0.005). The majority of the squamous cell carcinomas in our series were Clark's level IV, which therefore did not correlate with the extent of immunoreactivity (MIB-1, p = 0.098; and DO-1, p = 0.885). Mean length of clinical follow-up was 5.2 years. Aggressive tumor behaviour was seen in 17 patients (10.6%) with 6.9% and 3.4% local recurrences and nodal metastasis respectively. A total of 89.4% patients remained disease-free following their definitive surgical treatment. Vulval skin represented the commonest site associated with unfavourable clinical outcome (five of 17 cases). A large number of squamous cell carcinomas in this poor prognosis group showed a high prevalence of immunoreactivity of the antibodies but this did not achieve any statistical significance. We conclude that Ki-67 and p53 expression in cutaneous squamous carcinoma is not an independent predictor of prognosis.
 ...
PMID:Prognostic significance of Ki-67 and p53 immunoreactivity in cutaneous squamous cell carcinomas. 887 97

Studies of cellular proliferation may aid in elucidation of mechanisms of hepatocarcinogenesis and provide potential prognostic information in cases of hepatocellular carcinoma. Increased proliferation has been reported in the liver tissue adjacent to hepatocellular carcinoma and may be a risk factor for recurrence after tumor resection. We quantitated proliferating cell nuclear antigen (PCNA) clone PC10 and MIB-1 nuclear immunostain by image cytometry in fixed, paraffin-embedded tissue sections of normal, cirrhotic, and dysplastic livers with and without co-existent hepatocellular carcinoma and in the hepatocellular carcinoma. Fifteen high power fields were analyzed in each case using the CAS 200 image analyzer and results were expressed as the percent positive nuclear area. Cirrhotic liver showed significantly less proliferation adjacent to hepatocellular carcinoma than without hepatocellular carcinoma. There was a similar, but not significant, tendency for dysplastic liver. Increasing mean proliferation was noted from normal to cirrhotic to dysplastic liver to low grade to high grade hepatocellular carcinoma. These findings were similar using both PC10 and MIB-1. There tended to be slightly more staining with PC10 than with MIB-1, but the mean percent positive nuclear area was significantly greater with PC10 only in high grade hepatocellular carcinoma. Comparison of individual cases, however, yielded significant correlation between the two antibodies in the low grade and high grade hepatocellular carcinomas, but not in the benign livers. These findings demonstrate that image cytometric quantitation of PC10 and MIB-1 immunostain may be comparable measures of cellular proliferation and that there is no increase in proliferation in the hepatic tissue adjacent to hepatocellular carcinoma.
 ...
PMID:Image cytometric comparison of proliferating cell nuclear antigen and MIB-1 staining in hepatocellular carcinoma and adjacent liver tissue. 888 91

Because stage and grade of renal cell carcinoma (RCC) sometimes fail to predict the patient's outcome, additional prognostic predictors are needed. Apoptosis is a process of programmed cell death seen in both normal and neoplastic tissues, which has been shown to have prognostic significance in some tumor types. Forty-seven RCCs were studied for size, grade, stage, apoptosis, and proliferation. Fragmented DNA, a hallmark of apoptosis, was detected in situ by a process in which the fragmented DNA was labeled with a biotinylated nucleotide, which, in turn, was detected by an avidin-biotin-peroxidase labeling system. The proliferating tumor cells were detected by immunostaining with the MIB-1 antibody. The apoptotic index and proliferation index of each RCC were expressed as the number of tumor cells undergoing apoptosis and proliferation per 1,000 tumor cells. For grade I to IV RCCs, the median proliferative index was 13, 41, 119, and 143; the median apoptotic index was 8, 12, 39, and 73. For stage I to IV RCCs, the median proliferative index was 21, 34, 70, and 144; the median apoptotic index was 8, 9, 20, and 69. There was a statistically significant correlation of tumor grade, stage, and size with both proliferative index and apoptotic index. There was a statistically significant correlation between proliferation index and apoptotic index. In conclusion, apoptosis can be easily and reliably recognized by the in situ end labeling of fragmented DNA and may help predict the outcome of RCC.
 ...
PMID:Apoptosis in renal cell carcinoma: detection by in situ end-labeling of fragmented DNA and correlation with other prognostic factors. 889 83


<< Previous 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 Next >>