Gene/Protein Disease Symptom Drug Enzyme Compound
Pivot Concepts:   Target Concepts:
Query: UMLS:C0027651 (tumor)
 685,946 document(s) hit in 31,850,051 MEDLINE articles (0.00 seconds)

A total of 15 patients with esthesioneuroblastomas were treated between 1978 and 1992 at the Neurosurgery Department, Nordstadt Hospital, Hannover. In 9 cases, the tumors invaded the anterior cranial fossa. One patient died before any surgical intervention. Eight tumors were operated by a combined paranasal and subfrontal approach. Gross total tumor removal was achieved in all cases. Apart from anosmia, the only postoperative complication was transient mental changes in one case. Immunohistochemical analyses with MIB 1 monoclonal antibodies, directed against recombinant parts of Ki-67 antigen, were performed to estimate the proliferative potential of the esthesioneuroblastomas. Most of the tumors showed high proliferating cell indexes, which ranged from 3 to 42% (mean, 16%). The proliferating cell index with MIB 1 showed a correlation with postoperative outcome, although this was not statistically significant. Esthesioneuroblastomas can be totally removed surgically. The proliferating cell index may reflect histologically the biological behavior of tumor. Long-term follow-up is mandatory, and immunohistochemical studies may be of help in predicting outcome.
 ...
PMID:Esthesioneuroblastomas with intracranial extension. Proliferative potential and management. 858 13

A case is presented of pulmonary blastoma occurring in the right upper lobe of a 25-year-old man without distinct clinical features and laboratory abnormality. Light microscopic analysis revealed that the tumor was composed of branching glands and morulae embedded in a primitive but bland mesenchyme. Immunohistochemically the epithelial cells were immunoreactive for cytokeratins, S-100 protein, protein gene product 9.5, chromogranin A, calcitonin, and Ki-67 (MIB-1); the mesenchymal cells were immunoreactive for vimentin, actin, cytokeratins, and Ki-67; and all the tumor cells were negative for p53, estrogen receptor protein, and human chorionic gonadotropin beta. Characteristically, many epithelial cells contained optically clear nuclei which were immunoreactive for biotin (M743). Electron microscopic analysis revealed that the optically clearing change was due to replacement of the central area of the nuclei by a mass of parallel-arranged 7- to 10-nm filaments, and biotin-immunoreactive products were mainly localized in the nuclear matrix. Additionally, spherical bodies were identified in the cytoplasm of the nuclear filament-aggregated cells, suggestive of an intimate pathogenetic association of the two morphological abnormalities. The similarity of the aggregated nuclear filaments to those observed in gestational endometrium and ovarian endometrioid carcinoma implies that a similar mechanism plays a role in the pathogenesis of these abnormalities.
 ...
PMID:Pulmonary blastoma: an ultrastructural and immunohistochemical study with special reference to nuclear filament aggregation. 859 6

A recently studied tumor antigen, MN, has been associated with cervical carcinomas and cervical intraepithelial neoplasms (CIN), suggesting that it may serve as a marker for cervical cancer or cancer risk. To determine if expression of the MN antigen paralleled parameters reflecting viral or biological events in precursor epithelium, MN expression was correlated with MIB-1 expression, morphological phenotype, and human papillomavirus (HPV) distribution and type in a series of CINs. Seventy-three percent, 62% and 83% of CIN I, II, and III, respectively, were MN antigen positive. The proportion of neoplastic cells immunoreactive for MN did not correlate with the CIN grade or with HPV types stratified by their association with cancer. Evaluation of serial sections showed no correlation between the frequency of MN antigen staining, the proportion of MIB-1 immunoreactive cells, or the proportion of HPV positive cells detected by in situ hybridization (ISH). CINs associated with prototypical high risk (HPV 16) types exhibited increased immunostaining for the MIB-1 antigen and were more often classified as HSIL in contrast to the other types. Thus, although MN expression previously has been associated strongly with squamous carcinoma, it did not emerge as a specific marker for either cancer-associated HPV types or high grade CIN. CIN I lesions associated with low and high risk HPV types were not distinguished by MIB-1 expression and viral replication. This emphasizes the interrelationship between vegetative viral functions (including viral replication) and morphological phenotype, irrespective of HPV type.
 ...
PMID:Viral and histopathologic correlates of MN and MIB-1 expression in cervical intraepithelial neoplasia. 860 33

Ovarian granulosa cell tumors (GCTs) behave unpredictably. Stage I patients suffer recurrences many years after treatment, and histopathologic evaluation of the primary GCT offers only a few clues. Grading, in particular, is largely ineffective. Ki67 (MIB-1) and p53 monoclonal antibodies (active on paraffin embedded tissues) provide insight into nuclear proliferation and control, respectively. In this study, the authors hypothesized that these molecular markers will help predict the clinical behavior of GCTs. Paraffin sections from 68 GCTs (arising in 56 patients: 53 primary and 15 recurrent) including 34 typical and 27 diffuse adult, and seven juvenile types were immunostained for Ki67 (MIB-1 clone; Immunotech, Westbrook, ME) and p53 (DO7 clone; Novacastra Laboratories, UK). The Ki67 proliferation index (Ki67PI = percentage immunoreactive on a count of at least 400 nuclei) ranges from 1 to 50% (mean, = 12.2%; median, 9.3%). Nineteen percent of GCTs exhibited focal p53 immunoreactivity; the number of GCTs and proportion of nuclei decorated were as follows: four, <1%; seven, 1% to 10%; and one, 20%. Ki67PI was higher in recurrent tumors (P<.001) and correlated with mitotic rate (r = .75; P<.0001). p53 staining was associated with juvenile type GCTs (P<.001) and higher Ki67PI (P<.005). Other histopathologic features exhibited no association with p53 staining or Ki67PI. Follow-up was available for 54 of 56 patients: 18 suffered recurrences after 16 to 229 months (mean, 72.1 months; median 59 months), and 36 were disease free 16 to 369 months (mean, 78.2 months; median, 70 months) after diagnosis. Curiously, high Ki67PI and mitotic rates of primary GCT correlated weakly with a disease-free course (P=.03 and .07 respectively). Disease recurrence was associated with stage >I (P<.0005), vessel invasion in the capsule (P<.001), ruptured tumors (P<.005), and older patients (P<.02). p53 staining and size or subtype of GCT exhibited no prognostic value. For 12 patients, paired primary and first recurrence of GCT showed a striking increase in Ki67PI (P<.00005) and mitotic activity (P<.02) in the recurrence. p53 expression also appeared (de novo) in two recurrent GCTs. The interpretation of focal p53 staining (>10% nuclei decorated in only one GCT) is controversial. Some investigators suggest that this represents overexpression of wild type p53 rather than p53 gene mutation. Primary GCTs exhibit a wide spectrum of proliferative activity, and the seven juvenile GCTs (the most proliferative type) demonstrated no recurrences in this study. Recurrent GCTs displayed a transformation of molecular markers to increased proliferative activity and overexpression of p53, fundamentally, by these markers, a different GCT than the primary one. These findings suggest a molecular basis for the lack of histopathologic predictors for recurrence. Factors other than proliferation of the primary GCT (which relates most closely to grading) either extrinsic to the neoplasm (host dependent) or as yet undetectable must determine malignant behavior.
 ...
PMID:Transformation in recurrent ovarian granulosa cell tumors: Ki67 (MIB-1) and p53 immunohistochemistry demonstrates a possible molecular basis for the poor histopathologic prediction of clinical behavior. 860 43

Differences in the immunohistochemical expression of Cathepsin D, C-erbB-2 protein (p185), and growth fraction (MIB-1) in glandular and squamous epithelium in adenocarcinoma of endometrioid subtype were studied together with Cathepsin D in macrophages. The findings were correlated with conventional prognostic parameters. A search for human papilloma virus (HPV) (probes 6/11, 16/18, and 31/33/51) by in situ hybridization was also performed. Formalin-fixed and paraffin-embedded tissues from 61 adenocarcinomas with > 10% squamous epithelium were studied. MIB-1 was very low in squamous epithelium, no correlation was found between MIB-1 in squamous and glandular epithelium, and only the glandular epithelium correlated with depth of invasion and stage, indicating that glands are most important with regard to prognosis. Cathepsin D expression in macrophages was significantly increased in advanced stage and may be of prognostic value, but more studies on tissue sections are needed to evaluate the relationship between its expression in tumor cells and other cells. p185 showed no value as a prognosticator. Finally, our study found HPV infrequently in endometrial carcinomas.
 ...
PMID:Endometrial adenocarcinoma of endometrioid subtype with squamous differentiation: an immunohistochemical study of MIB-1 (ki-67 paraffin), cathepsin D, and C-erbB-2 protein (p185). 860 74

Alterations in the tumor-suppressor gene p53 are common in many types of human malignancies, but the potential role of p53 in the pathogenesis of cutaneous melanoma is controversial. The gene product, p53 protein, is normally present in very small amounts in noncancerous tissues. Missense mutations lead to accumulation of mutant p53 in the cells, which makes it detectable immunohistochemically in many cancers. Formalin-fixed, paraffin-embedded sections of 14 primary invasive melanomas, 3 cutaneous melanoma metastases, and 10 predominantly intradermal melanocytic nevi were reacted with a panel of three anti-p53 monoclonal antibodies (mAbs) (PAb240, PAb1801, and DO7) and a mAb against Ki-67 (MIB-1), a marker of cellular proliferation. p53 was not detected in morphologically normal epidermal melanocytes or nevus cells. A single primary invasive melanoma, having a very high index of proliferation (Ki-67 expression in > 50% of cells), had diffuse nuclear labeling with all three anti-p53 mAbs used. Abnormalities of p53 expression occur rarely in cutaneous melanomas, but overexpression of p53 may occur in a subset of melanomas with a high index of proliferation.
 ...
PMID:p53 expression is rare in cutaneous melanomas. 860 Jul 97

Chordoma shows various degrees of atypia histologically, however, the relationship between the histological features and the biological behavior still remains controversial. The authors subclassified 17 specimens with chordoma into two groups (ie, trabecular type showing a trabecular patterns and solid type mainly consisting of a diffuse proliferation of tumor cells). The histological grading was performed according to the degree of nuclear atypia on a scale of 1 to 3. Using DNA flow cytometric and immunohistochemical techniques, both the proliferative index (% S + G2 + M phase) and the MIB-1 labeling index (LI) of the tumor cells were estimated regarding their proliferative activities. In addition, p53 overexpression was also investigated using immunohistochemical techniques. There were eight (47.1%) specimens of trabecular type and nine (52.9%) of solid type. In nine specimens of solid type, those with higher nuclear atypia (grade 2 or 3) were significantly more frequent (five specimens, 55.6%) than in trabecular type in which all of the eight specimens were grade 1 (P = 0.44). The proliferative index was significantly higher in grade 2 or 3 lesions than in grade 1 lesions (P = .014), and the MIB-1 LI tended to be higher in solid type than in trabecular (P = .088). p53 overexpression was detected in two specimens of solid type, and the MIB-1 LI in these two specimens was significantly higher (P = .037) than that in the specimens without p53 overexpression. It was considered that the preceding anaplastic histological features, including either diffuse proliferation or high grade nuclear atypia, together with p53 overexpression, were thus closely related to the proliferative activities in chordomas.
 ...
PMID:Proliferative activities in conventional chordoma: a clinicopathologic, DNA flow cytometric, and immunohistochemical analysis of 17 specimens with special reference to anaplastic chordoma showing a diffuse proliferation and nuclear atypia. 861 82

Cell proliferation has a crucial importance in biologic potentialities of tumor cells. Several methods to measure S-phase fraction in tumor samples have been developed, with considerable limitations in practical applications. Histones are nucleosomal proteins that are responsible for packaging chromosomal DNA into nucleosomes. The expression of histone genes is a fundamental step constituting the process of cell proliferation. Because histone H3 mRNA accumulates in the cytoplasm during S-phase, and then decreases as cells approach G2-phase, demonstration of histone H3 mRNA expression in a tumor cell population may represent responsible S-phase fraction. Thus, we have assessed S-phase fraction by nonisotopic in situ hybridization for histone H3 mRNA in paraffin sections of hepatocellular carcinomas (HCCs); then, we compared this with the histologic grades and other cell proliferative markers. In contrast to radioisotopic detection, signals were distinctly visualized, and quantitation of the stained-cells was easily carried out. Histone H3 labeling index (LI) significantly correlated with other cell proliferative markers, including Ki-67 (MIB-1) and PCNA immunostainings, and mitotic index. In addition, a statistically significant correlation was seen between histone H3 LI and histologic grades of differentiation, i.e., histone H3 LI being higher in less-differentiated HCCs. Furthermore, histone H3 LI/Ki-67 LI ratio was significantly higher in the moderately and poorly differentiated subtypes (including one case of the undifferentiated subtype) than in well-differentiated HCCs. By using this nonisotopic in situ hybridization technique, it becomes possible to assess rapidly, retrospectively, safety, and easily a malignant potentiality of HCCs in paraffin-embedded tissues.
 ...
PMID:Determination of S-phase cells by in situ hybridization for histone H3 mRNA in hepatocellular carcinoma: correlation with histologic grade and other cell proliferative markers. 865 27

Tumor recurrence was observed in 12 (11.3%) out of 106 cases of intracranial meningioma followed for more than 5 years. Proliferative potential was evaluated immunohistochemically with MIB-1 monoclonal antibodies in 37 cases of non-recurrent meningioma and 12 cases (21 samples) of recurrent meningioma. The proliferating cell index (PCI) was much higher in the non-recurrent meningiomas than the recurrent meningiomas (10.6 +/- 7.7 [mean +/- SD] versus 1.9 +/- 1.5). Most recurrent meningiomas had high PCI values, greater than 3%. High PCI values of more than 5% were found in 13 (62%) of the 21 samples of recurrent meningioma. However, only 4 of the 37 cases of nonrecurrent meningioma had high PCI values with MIB-1 of more than 3%. The 12 cases of recurrent meningioma were classified into 3 groups: 6 cases in which both the initial and recurrent meningiomas were benign (Group I), 5 cases in which the meningioma at the time of the initial operation was benign, but the recurrent meningioma was malignant (Group II), and one case in which malignant meningioma was diagnosed at the time of the initial operation (Group III). The PCI values with MIB-1 in most of the recurrent meningiomas were higher at the time of recurrence than at the time of the initial operation. Malignant meningiomas, such as anaplastic and atypical meningioma, and some meningotheliomatous meningiomas among the benign meningiomas recurred and had higher PCI with MIB-1 values than other meningiomas. It is concluded that PCI with MIB-1 is important as a predictive factor for the recurrence of meningiomas. Meningiomas having a PCI value with MIB-1 of more than 3% in particular should be followed carefully.
 ...
PMID:[Analysis of the proliferative potential of meningiomas with MIB-1 monoclonal antibodies]. 867 17

Representing only about 1% of all primary bone tumors, chondroblastoma constitutes a very rare bone tumor entity. 56 cases of chondroblastoma, that had been collected by the Hamburg Bone Tumor Registry from 1972 to 1995, were examined histologically together with the radiological and clinical findings. In addition immunohistochemistry with antibodies against S 100, PGM1, LCA and the proliferationmarker MIB 1 was performed. The mean age was 20.4 years and male patients being the majority with a gender ratio of 2.7:1. Predominant localisation was the epiphyses of the long bones, although almost 40% of the tumors were located at untypical sites. Usually a well-circumscribed lysis could be seen on plain X-Ray examination, however partial cortical destruction could be observed in one third of the cases. Histologically characteristic was a polygonal cell component with a weblike chonroid matrix, sometimes with a plane-like appearance. 5 cases showed a distinct nuclear polymorphism making a distinction from osteosarcoma difficult. Using immunohistochemistry all tumors except for one showed positive reaction for S 100 protein. Although the histogenesis of chondroblastoma is not completely understood, morphological findings as well as the observed reactivity with the S 100 protein indicate the chondroid origin. No reactivity for PGM 1 (CD 68) or LCA could be detected. All chondroblastoma showed a low rate of proliferation, thereby being distinguishable from high malignant bone tumors. In general chondroblastoma show a benign biological behavior. Different behavior was observed in 2 cases. One relapse located in the pelvis revealed local aggressive growth while in another case in the humerus a malignant transformation had taken place.
 ...
PMID:[Morphologic characteristics of chondroblastoma. A retrospective study of 56 cases of the Hamburg bone tumor register]. 868 93


<< Previous 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 Next >>