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Query: UMLS:C0027651 (tumor)
 685,946 document(s) hit in 31,850,051 MEDLINE articles (0.00 seconds)

This report describes a case of cardiac myxoma with glandular elements metastatic to the brain. The histological appearance of the brain tumor was characterized by irregularly shaped glands lined by a single layer of mucous-secreting cells. The glands rested on a stroma made of connective tissue with myxoid changes in which short cords of cells with eosinophilic cytoplasm were occasionally detected. The cardiac tumor was a myxoma in which only 2 small glandular structures were identified. Immunohistochemically, the gland-lining cells were positively stained by cytokeratin AE1-AE3, CAM 5.2, and B 72.3. CEA was detected as a thin layer on the luminal surface of the cells and in the cytoplasm of goblet cells. The myxoma cells in the stroma were not stained by cytokeratins. This is the first report of brain metastases from a cardiac myxoma made of glandular elements.
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PMID:Cardiac myxoma with glandular elements metastatic to the brain 12 years after the removal of the original tumor. 926 43

Thirty-two cases of so-called sclerosing hemangioma of the lung observed by light microscopy were further studied by electron microscopy and/or immunohistochemistry. Three histologic patterns were seen: hemangioma-like, papillary, and solid. The only significant component representing the nature of the lesion is characteristic round cells within the stroma in all these patterns, whereas the surface cells lining the papillary projections or cystic spaces are normal or are hyperplastic bronchioloalveolar cells with a few neuroendocrine cells. Immunohistochemical findings showed that the "stromal cells" (tumor cells) were positive for neuroendocrine markers, namely, chromogranin A (19 of 22 cases), neuron-specific enolase (24 of 24), synaptophysin (six of 10), adrenocorticotropic hormone (14 of 15), growth hormone (14 of 15), calcitonin (11 of 15), and gastrin (11 of 14). Besides, some tumor cells were positive for epithelial membrane antigen (four of four), carcinoembryonic antigen (one of four), and vimentin (one of one). All tumor cells were negative for polyclonal antikeratin antibody (25 cases), AE1 (one case), and AE3 (one case). However, in contrast to the "stromal cells," the surface cells of the cystic spaces stained positively for keratin (25 of 25 cases), AE1 (one of one), AE3 (one of one), epithelial membrance antigen (four of four), and carcinoembryonic antigen (four of four); only a few of them expressed neruoendocrine markers. Both surface and tumor cells were negative for factor VIII-related antigen (25 cases), CD31 (one case), and alpha1-antitrypsin (25 cases). Ten cases further studied by electron microscopy and six examined by ultrastructural morphometry showed that the surface cells were mainly type 2 pneumocytes containing many lamellar bodies in the cytoplasm. Lying among them, neuroendocrine cells were occasionally seen. The stromal tumor cells had no lamellar body, but dense core granules (neurosecretory granules) and microtubules. In six cases, 92.3% (345 of 374) of tumor cells contained neurosecretory granules, which were pleomorphic and 73 to 1056 nm in diameter (mean, 302 nm). Two to 193 (mean, 12) neurosecretory granules were found in each tumor cell. Both immunohistochemical findings and ultrastructural evidence indicate that so-called sclerosing hemangioma of the lung is a benign lesion composed of neoplastic neuroendocrine cells with areas of sclerosis. A suggested name for this tumor is benign neuroendocrine tumor of the lung. The differentiation between this tumor and papillary adenoma, bronchioloalveolar carcinoma, or carcinoid tumor of the lung is discussed.
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PMID:Neuroendocrine differentiation in 32 cases of so-called sclerosing hemangioma of the lung: identified by immunohistochemical and ultrastructural study. 998 55

A 33-year-old Japanese woman presented with a black papule on a pigmented lesion which had been on her right thigh since her early childhood. A hematoxylin-eosin-stained section revealed a sharply demarcated, acanthotic epidermis composed of enlarged clear cells, which stained positively for epithelial membrane antigen and negatively for carcinoembryonic antigen. With antikeratin antibodies, the tumor cells stained for AE1 and AE3, but did not stain for CAM5.2. They contained abundant glycogen. Histologically, we diagnosed the case as a clear cell acanthoma which developed in the pre-existing epidermal nevus. This is the second such case in the literature.
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PMID:Clear cell acanthoma developing in epidermal nevus. 935 Jan 8

We herein describe two unusual neoplasms showing histopathologic features consistent with those of giant cell angiofibroma, which was originally described as a neoplasm arising in the orbit in adults: one of them arose in the right submandibular region of a 48-year-old woman and the other in the right parascapular region of a 49-year-old woman. Macroscopically, although the latter was characterized by a lymphangioma-like cystic appearance, both tumors were well circumscribed and encapsulated. Microscopically, in both cases, pseudovascular spaces lined by a discontinuous row of multinucleated cells were seen against a background of spindle-shaped fibroblastic cell proliferation. In the second case, the tumor presented increased cellularity and plump and somewhat atypical nuclei of proliferating fibroblastic cells, compared with the tumor in the first case. Immunohistochemically, the mononuclear and multinucleated cells within these tumors were positive for vimentin and CD 34 but negative for any other antigens, including Factor VIII-related antigen, desmin, alpha smooth muscle actin, myoglobin, S-100 protein, LeuM1, lysozyme, alpha-1-antitrypsin, and cytokeratins (AE1/AE3 and CAM5.2). The features in these cases indicate that giant cell angiofibroma can arise in an extraorbital site in middle-aged patients and presents some histopathologic diversity.
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PMID:Extraorbital giant cell angiofibromas. 938 57

This report describes 19 cases of a distinctive sclerosing perineurial tumor of the hands. Fourteen patients were male and five were female (age range 9-55 years; median age 24.5 years). The process typically presented as a painless mass and was present from 6 months to 40 years before resection. Sites of involvement were the thumb (n = 6); index (n = 3), middle (n = 4), and ring (n = 4) fingers; and the palm (n = 2). The lesions were generally well marginated but nonencapsulated. They had a firm, fibrous consistency and ranged in size from 0.7 to 3.3 cm in maximum dimension. Microscopic examination showed abundant dense collagen and variable numbers of small, epithelioid, and spindled cells exhibiting corded, trabecular, and whorled (onion bulblike) growth patterns. Immunoreactivity was present for epithelial membrane antigen (15 of 15); a cytokeratin cocktail containing AE1, AE3, and CK1 (four of 14); CAM 5.2 (one of 12); vimentin (12 of 12); muscle-specific actin (nine of 14); alpha-smooth muscle actin (six of 14); collagen IV (six of six); laminin (five of six); and CD99 (three of five). Ultrastructural features consistent with perineurial cells were noted. All of the lesions were locally excised. Follow-up was obtained for seven patients, with mean and median follow-up intervals of 12 years 7 months and 10 years 6 months, respectively. None of the lesions have recurred. This study advances the morphologic spectrum of perineurioma, a rare tumor of nerve sheath derivation. Familiarity with this distinctive subtype should help to avoid confusion with other processes, including a fibroma of tendon sheath, the sclerotic fibroma associated with Cowden's disease, an epithelioid neurofibroma, a late stage of tenosynovial giant cell tumor, and sclerosing adnexal tumors.
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PMID:Sclerosing perineurioma: a clinicopathologic study of 19 cases of a distinctive soft tissue lesion with a predilection for the fingers and palms of young adults. 941 86

A-50-year-old Hispanic man presented to the dermatology clinic with a 0.6-cm eroded, erythematous, scaly plaque on the left side of his neck. On shave biopsy, the lesion was composed of intra-epidermal and invasive dermal cells characterized by a signet-ring appearance. One area suggestive of typical squamous cell carcinoma prompted the inclusion of that entity in the differential diagnosis. Mucicarmine stains were negative, while the extra-vacuolar cytoplasm focally reacted with periodic acid-Schiff staining, the positive reaction for which was abolished by diastase, consistent with glycogen. Malignant cells expressed keratins by reacting to antibodies, Mak6, AE1/AE3, Ker 903, and CAM5.2. Additionally, weak reactivity occurred with antibodies to CEA and EMA. Tumor cells did not express S-100, HM-B45, Leu M1, or actin. By ultrastructural examination, the large vacuoles corresponded to markedly dilated endoplasmic reticulum. A diagnosis of signet-ring squamous cell carcinoma, a rare form of cutaneous squamous cell carcinoma which has been described in only one case report in the last 10 years, was made. Immunohistochemical staining provided information useful in differentiating this lesion from other clear cell and signet-ring cell tumors which involve the skin.
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PMID:Signet-ring squamous cell carcinoma: a case report. 955 Mar 18

Renal cell carcinoma (RCC) arising in acquired cystic kidney disease (ACKD) is considered to be a tumor of low malignant potential, compared with classic RCC. The aim of the present study was to identify any significant differences in the antigenic profiles or tumor cell proliferative activity of ACKD-associated RCC and classic RCC that might be responsible for differences in their biologic behavior. We studied the immunohistochemical profiles and proliferative activity of 12 classic RCCs and 5 ACKD-associated RCCs with markers of proximal tubules (Leu M1, alpha-1 antitrypsin, CAM 5.2), markers of distal tubules (Arachis hypogaea lectin, AE1/AE3, epithelial membrane antigen [EMAJ, CAM 5.2), vimentin, and proliferating cell nuclear antigen (PCNA). We performed proliferation analysis with the CAS 200 image analysis system. For each case, 8 to 20 fields of tumor tissue in the areas of maximal PCNA staining were quantitated, and the percentage of PCNA-positive nuclear area for each individual tumor was calculated. All of the five ACKD-associated RCCs expressed AE1/AE3, EMA, and CAM 5.2 in more than 50% of the tumor cells. Arachis hypogaea lectin was significantly expressed in three of the five ACKD-associated RCCs. Leu M1 and alpha-1 antitrypsin reacted with fewer than 10% of the tumor cells in all of the five ACKD-associated RCCs. In contrast, the 12 classic RCCs showed expression of CAM 5.2 in 11 cases, alpha-1 antitrypsin in 10 cases, Leu M1 in 9, EMA in 8, and AE1/AE3 in 3 cases in more than 50% of the tumor cells and a totally negative reaction with Arachis hypogaea lectin in 8 cases, EMA in 4, AE1/AE3 in 4, and vimentin in 5 cases. Although coexpression of proximal and distal tubule markers was seen in some cases of RCC in either category, there was uniform and strong staining for distal tubule markers in ACKD-associated RCC and for proximal tubule markers in classic RCC. The mean percentage of PCNA-positive nuclear area for the ACKD-associated RCCs (2.41%) was significantly (P < .05) less than that of the classic RCCs (21.42%). The differences in expression of proximal and distal tubule markers and proliferative activity might be responsible for the differences in the biologic behavior of ACKD-associated RCC and classic RCC.
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PMID:Image analysis of proliferating cell nuclear antigen expression and immunohistochemical profiles in renal cell carcinoma associated with acquired cystic kidney disease: comparison with classic renal cell carcinoma. 957 84

Oncocytic neoplasms of the adrenal gland are rare. We describe the clinicopathologic and immunohistochemical findings of seven oncocytic adrenocortical neoplasms, five oncocytomas, and two oncocytic neoplasms of uncertain malignant potential. Three tumors were studied using electron microscopy. These neoplasms occurred in five women and two men (median age, 55 years) with no clinical evidence that the neoplasms were functional. The size of the neoplasms varied from 5.0 cm to 13.5 cm. Histologically, each neoplasm was composed exclusively of oncocytes. The oncocytomas had very low or absent mitotic activity and no evidence of necrosis. The two oncocytic neoplasms of uncertain malignant potential had increased mitotic activity and necrosis but no evidence of invasion or metastases. Nuclear atypia, either focal or generalized, was found in all neoplasms. Immunohistochemical studies performed using fixed, paraffin-embedded sections showed strong reactivity with the mitochondrial antibody mES-13 in all neoplasms. Four of five oncocytomas and one oncocytic neoplasm of uncertain malignant potential expressed keratin, predominantly keratin 18, as shown using the CAM 5.2 and AE3 antibodies. Two neuroendocrine-associated markers, neuron specific enolase and synaptophysin, were positive in seven and five neoplasms, respectively. However, all neoplasms were negative for the other neuroendocrine markers tested, including chromogranin A, tyrosine hydroxylase, and dopamine beta-hydroxylase, as well as for epithelial membrane antigen, S100, and p53. Using the MIB-1 (Ki-67) antibody, proliferative activity was increased in both oncocytic neoplasms of uncertain malignant potential. All six patients with available clinical follow-up data are alive without evidence disease, although the follow-up interval is relatively short (< 2 years) for the two patients with oncocytic neoplasms of uncertain malignant potential. We conclude that oncocytic adrenocortical neoplasms are nonfunctional tumors that can become large before they are detected by radiologic studies. The majority of neoplasms are benign and should not be misdiagnosed as carcinoma.
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PMID:Oncocytic adrenocortical neoplasms: a report of seven cases and review of the literature. 959 31

Adenomyoepithelioma is a rare breast tumor. Histologically it may disclose different patterns of growth, and some additional features may result in diagnostic errors. We describe 2 cases of adenomyoepithelioma of the breast initially examined by fine-needle aspiration biopsy (FNAB). Cytologic features included hypercellularity, clusters of epithelial and myoepithelial cells with occasional intranuclear inclusions, prominent apocrine metaplasia, and foam cells. Histologically, both tumors were diagnosed as adenomyepithelioma tubular-variant, with prominent myoepithelial clear cells, apocrine metaplasia, and foci of squamous metaplasia. Immunohistochemically, the tumors showed strong positivity for keratins CAM 5.2, AE1/AE3, and EMA in the epithelial component, while the myoepithelial cells reacted with muscle-specific actin (A14 and HHF35) and S-100 protein. We point out that FNAB in this rare tumor may exhibit a varied spectrum of cells that may result in confusion with other lesions, and we call attention to the presence of intranuclear inclusions. The latter observation in the present cases by cytologic and histologic assessment provides and additional feature to the morphological characteristics of adenomyoepithelioma of the breast.
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PMID:Adenomyoepithelioma of the breast: report of two cases with prominent cystic changes and intranuclear inclusions. 966 85

Two cases of sacral chordoma in a 7-year, 9-month-old boy and a 3-year, 4-month-old boy are presented. In addition to the typical histology of conventional chordoma, both tumors showed the less differentiated sarcomatoid appearance of atypical chordoma in the major portion. Immunohistochemically, in both cases neoplastic cells in areas of conventional as well as atypical chordoma were positive for keratins (CAM 5.2, AE1 and AE3), epithelial membrane antigen, vimentin, S-100 protein, carcinoembryonic antigen, and glial fibrillary acidic protein. Both patients underwent resection of the tumor and chemotherapy. In comparison with conventional chordomas in adults, however, these two tumors showed more aggressive clinical course and were less amenable to therapeutic control. The older boy died of multiple metastasis 1 year after initial diagnosis. At the last follow-up, 15 months after initial diagnosis, the younger boy was alive, but with recurrent and metastatic disease of the left parasacral area and chest wall. Our studies of these two cases and the reported cases suggest that sacral chordoma in children has distinctive clinicopathologic features denoting a highly aggressive tumor and that it should be treated as such.
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PMID:Sacral chordoma in early childhood: clinicopathological and immunohistochemical study. 968 66


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