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Query: UMLS:C0027651 (tumor)
 685,946 document(s) hit in 31,850,051 MEDLINE articles (0.00 seconds)

The clinical and pathologic findings of four cases of palpable sclerosing adenosis of the breast, called "adenosis tumor", are reported. Adenosis tumor is a rare lesion that clinically and sometimes histologically is misinterpreted as mammary carcinoma. In our study, adenosis tumor was detected in four women of 35-39 years (average 37 years). All cases were treated by local excision. None of the lesions had recurred at follow-up, 1-3 years later. Microscopically the most frequent growth pattern was classical sclerosing adenosis. Other findings were epitheliosis, collagenous spherulosis, microcysts, apocrine metaplasia and radial scars. Only in one case were detected foci of lobular carcinoma in situ. With immunoperoxidase staining, the proliferating cells stained positively for cytokeratin (AE1/AE3) and actin, revealing epithelial and myoepithelial differentiation. Coexpression of actin, S-100 protein and GFAP was detected in numerous stromal myofibroblast-like cells. In sclerosing adenosis and in radial scar the tubules were surrounded by a continuous intact basement membrane composed of type IV collagen, whereas in tubular carcinoma basement membranes are almost entirely absent.
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PMID:[Nodular sclerosing adenosis (adenosis tumor) of the breast. An immunohistologic study particularly in reference to the relationship with radial cicatrix and to the differential diagnosis with tubular carcinoma]. 264 38

Two patients developed sinonasal small-cell neoplasms that arose 22 years and 37 years, respectively, following radiotherapy for bilateral retinoblastomas. The tumors were composed of small cells with scant cytoplasm and had a few scattered Homer-Wright rosettes. Immunohistochemically, one tumor was positive for keratin (CAM 5.2 and AE1/AE3), epithelial membrane antigen, and neuron-specific enolase. The other neoplasm was immunoreactive for keratin (CAM 5.2 only) and neuron-specific enolase; it also had focal immunopositivity for S-100 protein, desmin, and muscle-specific actin. Both were negative for CEA, vimentin, melanocyte-specific antigen (HMB45), chromogranin A, synaptophysin, Leu-7, 200 kd neurofilament, and retinal S-antigen. Despite aggressive multimodal therapy, the patients died of metastatic tumor 7 months and 10 months following their initial diagnosis, respectively. Although osteosarcoma is the most frequent second cancer following bilateral retinoblastomas, some patients develop clinically aggressive sinonasal small-cell tumors that are difficult to place into conventional classifications. Both of our cases showed evidence of multidirectional differentiation; one tumor labeled with epithelial and neural markers, and the other expressed epithelial, neural, and myogenous antigens.
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PMID:Unusual sinonasal small-cell neoplasms following radiotherapy for bilateral retinoblastomas. 267 54

Immunoreactivity for endocrine peptides (serotonin, gastrin, somatostatin, insulin, corticotropin, calcitonin, neurotensin, vasoactive intestinal peptide, and bombesin), cytoskeletal proteins (high and low molecular weight keratins), and tumor differentiation markers (chromogranin, neuron-specific enolase, carcinoembryonic antigen, S100 protein, and Grimelius stain) was sought on nine cervical and one vaginal poorly differentiated small-cell carcinoids. Dense-core secretory granules were ultrastructurally identified in all cases (seven of ten) in which tissue was available for electron microscopy. Immunoreactivity for endocrine secretory products was rarely noted, and only in a minority cell population (serotonin in two of ten). The majority of the tumors exhibited immunoreactivity for low molecular weight keratin (AE1/AE3 in eight of ten; CAM 5.2 in seven of nine), and three of ten tumors focally expressed high molecular weight keratin. Among the markers of neuroendocrine differentiation, neurospecific enolase was more frequently expressed (ten of ten) than chromogranin (five of ten) or argyrophilia (three of ten). Carcinoembryonic antigen was present in eight of ten tumors. S100 protein was absent in all cases. In summary, poorly differentiated small-cell carcinoids of the lower female genital tract, similarly to other small-cell endocrine tumors, occasionally exhibit focal glandular and squamoid differentiation, and only relatively infrequently or focally express immunohistochemically detectable endocrine secretory products, chromogranin, and argyrophilia.
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PMID:Endocrine and tumor differentiation markers in poorly differentiated small-cell carcinoids of the cervix and vagina. 302 70

Microcystic adenoma (serous cystadenoma) of the pancreas (MA) is an unusual benign tumor of uncertain histogenesis. We have studied 14 cases of MA from 11 women and three men. The average age at diagnosis was 64 years. Six tumors were discovered incidentally. Tumors varied from 2.5 to 12 cm in greatest dimension and all were multicystic; eight tumors were located in the pancreatic head, two in the body, and three in the tail. Each tumor was composed of variably sized cysts lined by simple cuboidal or flattened, focally glycogen-rich epithelium. The stroma was variably collagenized and showed highly vascularized, delicate to broad fibrous septae, which focally contained dystrophic calcification, cholesterol clefts, and hemosiderin. Immunohistochemical studies were performed on eight cases to determine the cell of origin. Epithelial membrane antigen and a low-molecular-weight keratin, detected by monoclonal antibodies PKK1 or AE1/AE3, were diffusely seen in tumor cells of all cases. Tumor cells were uniformly negative for carcinoembryonic antigen, chromogranin, insulin, glucagon, somatostatin, vasoactive intestinal peptide, pancreatic polypeptide, and a low-molecular-weight keratin detected by monoclonal antibody PKK2. Tumor cell antigen reactivity most resembled that seen in normal centroacinar and ductal cells. Electron microscopy of seven cases showed primitive tumor cells with irregularly spaced, short, blunt microvilli, luminal occluding junctions and belt desmosomes, bundles of filaments including dense bodies in both apical and basal cell cytoplasm, sparse organelles, and variable but often pronounced amounts of glycogen. These ultrastructural features most closely resembled the normal pancreatic centroacinar cell. Based on both immunohistochemical and ultrastructural features described above, we conclude that the centroacinar cell is the cell of origin of MA.
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PMID:Microcystic adenoma (serous cystadenoma) of the pancreas. A study of 14 cases with immunohistochemical and electron-microscopic correlation. 335 51

Human epidermal keratinocytes express under various growth conditions a total of at least nine keratins that can be divided into two subfamilies. Subfamily A comprises 40-, 46-, 48-, 50-/50'-, and 56.5-kilodalton (kd) keratins which are relatively acidic (pI less than 5.5) and, with the exception of 46-kd keratin, are recognized by AE1 monoclonal antibody. Subfamily B comprises 52-, 56-, 58-, and 65-67-kd keratins which are relatively basic (pI greater than 6) and are recognized by AE3 monoclonal antibody. Within each keratin subfamily, there is a constant member (50-/50'- and 58-kd keratins of the subfamilies A and B, respectively) that is always expressed. The other seven keratins of both subfamilies are variable members whose expression depends upon the cellular differentiated state, which is in turn modulated by the growth environment. The 56.5-kd keratin (subfamily A) and the 65-67-kd keratins (subfamily B) are coordinately expressed during keratinization. In contrast, the 40-, 46-, and 48-kd keratins (subfamily A) and the 52- and 56-kd keratins (subfamily B) are characteristic of cultured epidermal cells forming nonkeratinized colonies. These results demonstrate that human epidermal keratins can be classified according to their reactivity with monoclonal antikeratin antibodies, isoelectric point, and mode of expression. The classification of keratins into various subgroups may have important implications for the mechanisms of epidermal differentiation, the evolution of keratin heterogeneity, and the use of keratin markers for tumor diagnosis.
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PMID:Classification of epidermal keratins according to their immunoreactivity, isoelectric point, and mode of expression. 620 91

Nasopharyngeal carcinoma (NPC) provides a unique opportunity to evaluate distinctive epidemiologic features and a possible etiologic relationship with Epstein-Barr virus (EBV) in human malignancy. The lack of a uniformly accepted pathologic classification for NPC has limited the application of this data, although the World Health Organization (WHO) developed a classification that may solve this problem. Monoclonal keratin antibodies were used for staining of NPC for evaluation of its assistance in diagnosis and classification. In the present immunohistochemical study, monoclonal keratin antibodies, designated AE1, AE2, and AE3, and a polyclonal keratin antibody (RAK) were used for study of the presence of keratin in 121 cases of NPC obtained from China and the United States. AE1 monoclonal antibody, which recognizes keratin protein classes 56.5K, 50K, and 40K, was shown to be the most sensitive and specific for NPC tumor cells among the keratin antibodies studied. In addition, some different keratin expression patterns could be identified between different kinds of epithelium and different tumor groups, with possible relevance to the histogenesis of the histologic subtypes of NPC.
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PMID:Immunohistochemical study of nasopharyngeal carcinoma using monoclonal keratin antibodies. 620 35

Previous studies have indicated that some Simian-virus-40-transformed human epidermal keratinocytes (SV40-HE) undergo significant changes in their growth and differentiated properties. To better understand the significance of these changes, we have characterized the keratins of SV40-HE cells by one- and two-dimensional immunoblot analysis using the subfamily-specific AE1 and AE3 monoclonal antikeratin antibodies. The results indicate that our SV40-HE cells have lost the Mr 58,000 (No. 5), Mr 56,000 (No. 6), Mr 50,000 (No. 14/15), Mr 48,000 (No. 16), and Mr 46,000 (No. 17) keratins that are expressed by cultured normal human keratinocytes. Instead, these cells express mainly Mr 52,000 (No. 8), Mr 45,000 (No. 18), and Mr 40,000 (No. 19) keratins, a set highly characteristic of simple epithelial cells. Furthermore, our SV40-HE cells have ceased to express involucrin, another marker for keratinocytes, and have a greatly diminished ability to undergo in vitro stratification. These results suggest that epidermal cells can sometimes lose their keratinocyte features as a consequence of viral transformation. This finding may have important implications regarding the mechanisms of epithelial differentiation and tumorigenesis and in the use of keratinocyte markers for tumor diagnosis.
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PMID:Simple epithelial nature of some simian virus-40-transformed human epidermal keratinocytes. 620 4

The typical example of malignant fibrous histiocytoma (MFH) or dermatofibrosarcoma protruberans (DFSP) does not require ancillary studies for diagnosis. However, hemorrhage with cystic change consisting of blood-filled spaces may closely mimic a vascular neoplasm. Eight fibrohistiocytic sarcomas exhibiting these angiomatoid features, initially mistaken for vascular neoplasms, were identified from personal consultation files and review of 157 consecutive sarcomas (1985 through 1993) at the University of California-(Davis) Medical Center. They included five MFH giant-cell-type sarcomas, two MFH angiomatoid-type sarcomas, and one DFSP. Immunohistochemical analysis of paraffin-embedded material showed vimentin diffuse positive, CD68 (KP-1) diffuse positive, and factor VIII negative in all eight sarcomas; actin HHF-45 focal positive in six, diffuse positive in one, and negative in one sarcoma; desmin focal positive in two and negative in six sarcomas; and S100 protein, cytokeratin AE1:AE3, cytokeratin 10.11, and EMA negative in all eight sarcomas. Electron microscopy of three tumors exhibited neoplastic cells with fibroblastic, myofibroblastic, and histiocytic features. Weibel-Palade bodies or neolumens diagnostic of vascular differentiation were absent. The clinical characteristics and behavior of these sarcomas reflect entities in the spectrum of fibrohistiocytic lineage (MFH subtypes and DFSP) rather than vascular neoplasms. Patients with deep, large, giant-cell-type MFHs did poorly (two of four patients died from disease at 8 and 25 months). Both patients with angiomatoid MFHs showed local recurrences from large incompletely excised head and neck lesions. One died of disease at 21 months and the other is free of disease 12 months following excision of a local metastasis to the opposite side of the neck. The patient with DFSP had an 18-cm locally recurrent scalp tumor that extended into bone. Immunohistochemical and ultrastructural confirmation of fibroblastic, myofibroblastic, and histiocytic lineage and exclusion of vascular differentiation help to establish the correct diagnosis in these fibrohistiocytic sarcomas with angiomatoid features. The clinicopathologic features of these eight cases reaffirm the practical utility of MFH and DFSP as diagnostic entities in the spectrum of fibrohistiocytic sarcomas.
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PMID:Angiomatoid features in fibrohistiocytic sarcomas. Immunohistochemical, ultrastructural, and clinical distinction from vascular neoplasms. 748 9

An increasing interest in fish species as sentinels of environmental pollution and in carcinogenesis research has led to the identification of diagnostically challenging neoplasms of uncertain cellular origin and the need for additional diagnostic methods. To determine the potential of using commercially available antibodies to intermediate filament proteins on paraffin-embedded fish tissues for immunocytochemistry in tumor diagnosis, the application of three antikeratin antibodies to normal adult tissues from two fish species was assessed. Multiple tissues from 12-14-in. striped bass (Morone saxatilis) and 6-month-old medaka (Oryzias latipes) of both sexes were fixed in Bouin's or formalin fixatives. Formalin-fixed neoplasms from several mammalian species, including cat, dog, hedgehog (Atelerix albiventris, Erinaceus europaeus), rhesus macaque (Macaca mulatta), and sloth bear (Melursus ursinus), were also used as positive controls. Using a strepavidin horseradish peroxidase method on paraffin-embedded tissues, the broad spectrum antibodies AE1/AE3 (Boehringer Mannheim, Indianapolis, IN) and MAK-6 (Triton Biosciences, Alameda, CA), which recognize most of the 19 human cytokeratins, and CAM 5.2 (Becton Dickinson, Mountain View, CA), which recognizes cytokeratins present in human liver, were used as primary antibodies. Epithelia from skin, gills, cornea, bile ducts, renal tubules, gastrointestinal tract, and thymus were strongly positive with AE1/AE3 and MAK-6 in striped bass, but nonepithelial tissues such as bone and muscle were negative. Skin, gills, cornea, and portions of the gastrointestinal tract were strongly positive in medaka with the same antibodies, whereas bile duct, renal, and intestinal epithelia were less so. Tissue digestion improved the intensity of staining, and fixation with Bouin's fixative improved results somewhat compared with formalin fixation.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)
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PMID:The immunocytochemistry of cytokeratin in fish tissues. 750 8

A case characterized by a rare synchronous occurrence of transitional cell carcinoma (TCC) of the renal pelvis and renal cell carcinoma (RCC) in the same kidney is presented. A retrospective analysis of 23 similar cases reported in the English literature over the last 71 years demonstrated a male-to-female ratio of 2:1, an average age of 64.5 years, and a left-to-right-side ratio of 3.2:1. The three most common findings at initial examination were hematuria (90%), flank pain (19%), and flank mass (14%). Moreover, 24% of patients had tumor metastases even at initial examination. Thirty-four percent of patients had bladder neoplasms, and 24% of them had a history of cigarette smoking. There is no tendency toward higher grade of malignancy or specific histologic pattern for TCC and RCC when they occur together in the same kidney. Immunohistochemical studies were used to examine TCC and RCC, with special attention paid to the site of their collision, which displayed multifocal lymphatic permeation. Both TCC and RCC were positive for epithelial membrane antigen (EMA) and cytokeratins identified by monoclonal antibodies CAM-5.2, AE1/AE3, and MAK-6. TCC was focally positive for keratin, detectable by antibody 34 beta E12, but RCC was not. The tumor tissue infiltrating the lymphatics, which seemed to be RCC, demonstrated positive staining for EMA and keratins CAM-5.2, AE1/AE3, and MAK-6 and negative staining for keratin 34 beta E12. Interestingly, the tumor in lymphatics displayed strong staining for carcinoembryonic antigen (CEA) but both TCC and RCC in the vicinity were negative. These findings suggest that keratin 34 beta E12 may play a role in the differential diagnosis between TCC and RCC and that tumor-invading lymphatics may change phenotype, including the neoexpression of CEA.
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PMID:Collision of transitional cell carcinoma and renal cell carcinoma. An immunohistochemical study and review of the literature. 750 17


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