Gene/Protein Disease Symptom Drug Enzyme Compound
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Query: UMLS:C0027651 (tumor)
 685,946 document(s) hit in 31,850,051 MEDLINE articles (0.00 seconds)

Iodine-131 (I-131) was administered orally 58 times over a 31-month period to patients with thyroid carcinoma. Federal regulations (10 CFR 35) require that a patient remain hospitalized until total body activity is less than 30 mCi. This mandated a hospitalization of more than 48 hours in 10 of 58 patients (17%), and greater than 72 hours in 1 of 58 patients (2%). During each administration of I-131 exposure rates were periodically measured throughout the hospitalization at the surface of the neck, 1 meter from the neck surface, the surface of the abdomen, 1 meter from the anterior abdominal surface, and 1 meter from the lateral abdominal surface. Semi-log regression curves were generated for exposure rate versus time for various parameters, including tumor histology, extent of surgery, gender, age, TSH, site of measurement, and administered activity. The endpoint evaluated was the regressed time to reduce the exposure rate to 10% of the initial value. None of the clinical characteristics tested revealed any differences in decay times. The measurements taken 1 meter anterior to the stomach and neck surface were found to correlate best with decay time. We conclude that exposure rate assessments for the purpose of hospital discharge should be made at 1 meter anterior to the stomach or neck, and that individual patient measurements are necessary because none of the clinical parameters were predictive of I-131 elimination.
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PMID:The relationship of clinical factors and radiation exposure rates from iodine-131 treated thyroid carcinoma patients. 212 58

The effect of toremifene treatment on the serum levels of sex steroids (estradiol, progesterone, testosterone), FSH, LH, prolactin, TSH, T3, T4 and SHBG was investigated. Basal prolactin level and the "prolactin reserve capacity" of the hypophysis was also studied by the TRH functional test. Steroid hormone receptors were detected in the patients where a tumor biopsy could be obtained. In a randomized trial patients were treated by 60 and 300 mg of toremifene per os, daily. Hormone levels were assayed prior to treatment and at the 2nd, 6th, 8th and 12th week of tormifene therapy. The hormonal effects of toremifene were the most marked at the 2nd and at the 8th week. Estradiol decreased continuously, SHBG increased slightly and the high initial value of basal prolactin level decreased. The TRH-induced prolactin release was suppressed by tormifene after an 8-week period. No clinical response-related tendency was found.
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PMID:Hormonal effects of toremifene in breast cancer patients. 214 46

Erythrosine (FD&C Red Dye No.3) is a tetraiodinated derivative of fluorescein. Rats fed a 4% erythrosine diet for 30 months beginning in utero have an increased incidence of thyroid adenomas and adenocarcinomas. These tumors may be secondary to increased stimulation of the thyroid gland by TSH. This study was undertaken to determine if dietary erythrosine disrupts the pituitary-thyroid axis thereby altering serum thyroid hormone levels. TSH levels, or the pituitary's response to TRH. Rats were fed diets containing erythrosine (0.5, 1.0, 4.0%), sodium iodide (0.16%), or fluorescein (1.6%) for 3 weeks after which TRH testing was performed in vivo. Erythrosine produced a dose-dependent increase in serum T4 levels. With the 4% erythrosine diet, serum T4 and T3 levels and the free-T4 index were significantly increased, whereas the free-T3 index were significantly increased, whereas the free-T3 index was unchanged. Rats fed the 4.0% erythrosine diet had an exaggerated TSH response to TRH; 10 min after the TRH injection, serum TSH levels were 80% greater than TSH levels of control rats. Short-term administration of erythrosine to rats decreased hepatic T3 production by decreasing its conversion of T4 to T3, indicating that erythrosine decreases hepatic 5'-deiodinase activity. These data demonstrate that dietary ingestion of 4% erythrosine disrupts the pituitary-thyroid axis as evidenced by an increased TSH response to TRH. This effect is mediated by erythrosine or an iodinated metabolite, since ingestion of its fluorescein nucleus had no effect. Erythrosine's effects were not likely mediated by iodide, because serum T4 and T3 levels were elevated and iodide administration did not increase the TSH response to TRH. These data suggest that erythrosine increases the pituitary's TSH response to TRH by altering thyrotroph cell conversion of T4 to T3. Chronic erythrosine ingestion may promote thyroid tumor formation in rats via chronic stimulation of the thyroid by TSH.
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PMID:Effects of oral erythrosine (2',4',5',7'-tetraiodofluorescein) on the pituitary-thyroid axis in rats. 216 Jan 37

The content of epidermal-growth-factor receptor (EGFr) and its relation to TSH-response were examined in 27 malignant thyroid tumors (5 follicular, 6 papillary, 5 medullary, 11 anaplastic carcinomas) and in 30 tumor-like lesions (21 hyperplastic goiters and 9 toxic adenomatous goiters). Normal 12 thyroid tissues adjacent to benign tumors with no evidence of macroscopic or microscopic abnormalities were used as control. All thyroid plasma membranes tested showed specific EGF binding. In membranes from toxic adenomas (2.18 +/- 0.73 fmoles/mg protein) and papillary carcinomas (2.80 +/- 0.80) the EGF binding was similar to that of normal thyroid membranes (2.32 +/- 0.73). Hyperplastic goiters showed an EGF binding (4.4 +/- 0.82) slightly higher than normal tissue. The highest and the lowest EGF binding values were found in anaplastic (11.8 +/- 2.78) and medullary (0.50 +/- 0.39) carcinomas, respectively. An inverse correlation between EGFr content and TSH-response was found when anaplastic thyroid tumors were compared to tumor-like lesions. However no correlation was observed in medullary carcinomas which also failed to respond to TSH and in papillary carcinomas which partially respond to thyrotropin.
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PMID:Epidermal growth factor receptor and thyrotropin response in human thyroid tissues. 216 46

We studied the effect of thyroxine (T4 0.050 mg/kg/d, i.p.), TSH (0.08 U/kg/d, i.p.) and hypothalamic peptide (HF; 1 mg protein/kg/d, i.p.) given alone or in combination, on the growth of murine (NB C-1300) and human (NB Park) neuroblastoma transplanted onto the nude mouse (nu/nu). Both T4 and TSH caused a significant increase (perchlorate a decrease) of the serum T3. Histologically, the T4 treatment was followed by partial tumor necrosis and a marked growth of connective tissue within the tumors; there was no significant change in tumor weight as compared to the control group. Treatment with HF alone or in combination with T4 inhibited in 30% the invasive growth of the neuroblastoma transplants and a fatty degeneration was found in 25% of the human NB-TX after 28 days of treatment. The measurement of the intratumoral content of the cyclic nucleotides showed a significant increase of the cAMP and a decrease of the cGMP. The morphological and biochemical alteration observed under treatment with thyroid hormone or analogues could possibly be applied for therapeutic purposes.
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PMID:[In vitro and in vivo effect of thyroid hormones on the growth of neuroblastoma cells. II. The effect of thyroxine in vivo]. 216 40

Specific receptors for somatostatin (SS), mediating the various actions of this peptide, have been described in SS target tissues in animal and man. Using homogenate binding assays, as well as receptor autoradiography, the presence of SS receptors has been demonstrated in various regions of the brain (cortex, limbic system, basal ganglia), the anterior pituitary, the endocrine and exocrine pancreas, the gastrointestinal tract, and the adrenals. There are species-, as well as age-, related variations. Furthermore, there is evidence for different SS receptor subtypes. Interestingly, a large variety of human tumors also contain SS receptors with similar characteristics as those found in normal tissue; in numerous tumors, the SS receptor density is even higher than in healthy tissue counterparts. Most GH- and TSH-producing pituitary adenomas, but also a subgroup of endocrine inactive pituitary adenomas, have SS receptors; most carcinoids and islet cell carcinomas, as well as their metastases, also contain SS receptors. Several differentiated (usually EGF receptor negative) glia tumors possess SS receptors, whereas undifferentiated (EGF receptor positive) glia tumors lack such receptors. Furthermore, a subgroup of breast tumors, usually steroid receptor positive and neuroendocrine-differentiated, contain SS receptors. Finally, small cell lung carcinomas, but not non-small cell carcinomas, often possess SS receptors. These receptors are likely to be functional since in 11 acromegalics and 18 gastroenteropancreatic tumor patients, a positive correlation was observed between their SS receptor status and their hormone secretion sensitivity to Sandostatin.
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PMID:Distribution of somatostatin receptors in normal and tumor tissue. 216 75

Somatostatin is a short-acting natural peptide secreted by specialized cells in the GI tract, the central and peripheral nervous systems, and a variety of other tissues. Its many actions include suppression of the secretion of GH, TSH, GI hormones, and inhibition of GI exocrine secretion. A long-acting analogue developed by Sandoz (Sandostatin, SMS 201-995) has been used to treat acromegaly and neuroendocrine tumors. We report our experience with it in carcinoid tumors (4 cases), glucagonomas (2), gastrinoma (1), VIPoma (1) and nonfunctioning islet cell tumor (1). It was given by continuous subcutaneous infusion, using a small portable pump, in doses ranging from 300 to 1500 mcg/day, without significant side-effects. 7 of the 9 patients had complete relief of symptoms, and tumoral hormone secretion decreased in 4 of the 5 in whom it was measurable, but there was no evidence of tumor regression. SMS 201-995 is useful for the symptomatic treatment of patients with neuroendocrine gut tumors.
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PMID:[Somatostatin analogue in the treatment of neuroendocrine gut tumors]. 217 25

A 27-year-old man had symptoms of hyperthyroidism and periodic paralysis. While hyperthyroid, his serum thyrotropin (TSH) level was inappropriately elevated at 6.4 microU/ml. The serum alpha subunit level was also elevated. MR imaging revealed a pituitary tumor and transsphenoidal adenomectomy was performed. Immunocytochemistry with an antibody directed against the beta-subunit of TSH revealed a TSH-secreting tumor. This is the first case of hyperthyroidism due to a TSH-secreting pituitary tumor complicated by periodic paralysis. This association indicates that thyrotoxicosis may induce paralysis in susceptible persons by a mechanism which is not autoimmune.
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PMID:A case of thyrotropin (TSH)-secreting tumor complicated by periodic paralysis. 217 17

Because of its widespread distribution within the nervous system and gastroenteropancreatic (GEP) system, and its diverse physiological inhibitory actions on various gastrointestinal functions, including endocrine and exocrine secretion, motility, liver and splanchnic blood flow and absorption, native somatostatin has been viewed as a possible therapy for many diseases. However, its short duration of action and consequent limited clinical usefulness have been overcome with the availability of Sandostatin (octreotide, Sandoz Ltd), a long-acting, synthetic octapeptide analog of the naturally occurring hormone. Sandostatin represents a significant advance in the treatment of growth hormone (GH) and thyrotropin (TSH)-secreting pituitary tumors and GEP endocrine tumors (carcinoid tumor, VIPoma, glucagonoma, insulinoma, and gastrinoma). Preclinical in vitro and animal studies have shown the antineoplastic activity of the compound. Moreover, because of a possible direct effect on somatostatin receptor-positive endocrine tumor cells and an indirect effect whereby Sandostatin lowers GH, insulin-like growth factor type 1 (IGF-1), and numerous gastrointestinal peptides, Sandostatin may prove useful as an adjunctive therapy in cancer patients. In vivo labeling of somatostatin receptor-positive tumors with radiolabeled somatostatin analogs now allows localization of such tumors and their metastases. In addition, targeted irradiation of these tumors by beta particle-emitting isotopes attached to such somatostatin analogs may become possible. The use of Sandostatin in acute esophageal variceal bleeding, pancreatic pseudocysts, gastrointestinal, and pancreatic external fistulae, short bowel syndrome, dumping syndrome and acquired immunodeficiency syndrome (AIDS)-related refractory hypersecretory diarrhea has provided encouraging results.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)
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PMID:Future medical prospects for Sandostatin. 220 87

A total of 1050 patients with differentiated thyroid cancer (DTC) have been followed in the Thyroid Center of Padua by means of serum thyroglobulin (Tg) measured with IRMA method and anti-Tg antibodies (TgAb) assays. Circulating TgAbs were detected in 102 (9.7%) patients. In 32 of these 102, TgAbs were evaluated before and after total thyroidectomy and 131I ablation. In these patients no relationship was found between preoperative serum TgAb levels on the one hand and tumor stage at diagnosis or outcome of the disease on the other. During the follow-up, TgAb serum levels decreased or disappeared in 21 cases considered tumor-free, while they remained unchanged or even increased, in comparison with the preoperative ones, in 11 patients, 5 with proven metastases and 6 considered tumor-free. Evaluating the whole group of 102 TgAb-positive patients, we observed that TgAb serum levels, measured after thyroid ablation, were significantly higher in cases with metastases than in those considered tumor-free (653.0 +/- 196.9 vs 157.7 +/- 116.5 U/ml, m +/- SD, p less than 0.0001). In the group of patients with metastases and circulating TgAbs, Tg serum levels were elevated in 27% of cases on TSH-suppressive therapy and in 44% off therapy when nodal metastases were present, and in 67% of cases on TSH-suppressive therapy and in 83% off therapy when distant metastases were present.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)
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PMID:Usefulness of the combined antithyroglobulin antibodies and thyroglobulin assay in the follow-up of patients with differentiated thyroid cancer. 229 57


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