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Query: UMLS:C0027651 (tumor)
 685,946 document(s) hit in 31,850,051 MEDLINE articles (0.00 seconds)

The present work consists in a quantitative cytospectrophotometric investigation of the cytoplasmic hyperbasophilia that characterizes the foci of neoplastic transformation and the tumor cells in rats fed hepatocarcinogens. It reveals that the increase in the dye-binding capacity shown by the cytoplasmic RNA of these cell populations results primarily form a qualitative alteration which raises the affinity for basic dyes by a factor of nearly 2, and also to a change in concentration due to volumetric changes which may again double the staining intensity of these hepatocytes. This phenomenon of hyperbasophilia differs radically from the weak variations in basophilia observed in normal regenerating liver and in hyperplastic liver parenchyma of rats fed the carcinogenic diet in which cases the changes appear to be related mainly to de nova RNA synthesis. Biochemical assays on cellular fractions indicate that the ribosomes are the organelles responsible for the hyperbasophilic properties that hepatocytes acquire in areas of neoplastic transformation.
Rev Can Biol 1978 Dec
PMID:[Cytospectrophotometry of hepatocyte RNA in regenerating and neoplastic liver]. 8 63

The original metal-salt technique of Gomori (1948a) employing p-chloranilidophosphonic acid as a substrate for the demonstration of the activity of phosphoamidase has been used with varying success by a number of investigators for light microscopy. Cyclophosphamide (endoxan) which is a cytotoxic drug known to activate phosphoamidase and other lysosomal enzymes in neoplasm (Grillo, 1971) is proposed as another substrate for the enzyme for both light and electron microscopy.
Histochemistry 1978 Dec 28
PMID:Light and electron histochemistry of phosphoamidase with p-chloranilidophosphonic acid and with cyclophosphamide (endoxan). 8 80

A report is given of 72 patients suffering from carcinoma of the extrahepatic biliary ducts. Carcinoma of the gallbladder usually grow fast invading the surrounding tissue. Thus cholecystectomy can be performed only as a pallouative procedure in most cases, and partial resection of the liver does not yield better results in general. Carcinoma of the ductus hepaticus usually grows slowly and metastases are formed lately in the course; thus patients usually die due to occlusion of the ducts and jaundice rather than due to the malignancy as such. In these cases good drainage of the bile is essential, in an early stage this can be achieved by placing a tube across the tumor, in later stages an intrahepatic cholangiojejunostomy is to be performed. The technique of this procedure and results obtained in 10 cases are reported.
Leber Magen Darm 1978 Dec
PMID:[Surgical palliative procedures in patients with carcinoma of the biliary tract (author's transl)]. 8 16

Investigations with bleomycin labelled with radionuclides other than 57Co in patients with cancer and in tumor-bearing animals are described. In patients 57Co-bleo appears to be a better tumor-seeking radiopharmaceutical than 111In-bleo, 99mTc-bleo or 197Hg-bleo. This can be explained by a higher stability in vivo and a better tumor-seeking property of 57Co-bleo and less disturbing activity in the cardiac pool and in bone and other normal tissues when assessing the scintigram. Results with 111In-bleo labelled in acidic solution are not essentially different from those with 111In-bleo labelled in neutral solution. Results of 197Hg-bleo are almost identical with those of 197HgCl2 regarding the tumor-seeking effect as well as the distribution in normal tissues and organs. Probably the complex of 197Hg to bleomycin is not stable in vivo. The superiority of 57Co-bleo over 99mTc-bleo, 197Hg-bleo and also over 67Cu-bleo is confirmed by experiments on tumor bearing animals. We may conclude that the indication for use of bleomycin as a tumor-seeking pharmaceutical labelled with 111In, 99mTc, 197Hg or 67Cu seems to be very limited.
Nuklearmedizin 1978 Dec
PMID:Clinical evaluation of radio-labelled bleomycin for tumor detection. 8 74

A spontaneous T cell lymphoma of DBA/2 (H-2-d) mice, SL2, was found to react with anti H-2 typing sera raised against certain foreign haplotypes as well as with anti H-2d sera. The cytotoxic anti-SL2 activity of the anti-foreign H-2 sera was detected in a newly developed microradioassay, not however, in a conventional 51Cr release test. Upon culture in vitro the reactivity of the tumor cells with the anti H-2 sera decreased. The anomalous cytotoxic anti-tumor activity of the anti-foreign H-2 sera appeared to be distinct from anti-murine leukemia virus activity, since it was not removed by absorption with either Friend of AKR leukemia virus. Partial absorption was observed with normal lymphoid cells carrying the respective foreign H-2 antigens, but not with cells of unrelated H-2 haplotypes. In each serum tested, the anti-tumor activity could also be absorbed with syngeneic H-2d lymphoid cells. These results show that the anomalous anti-tumor reactivity of certain anti H-2 typing sera, in particular of sera raised in recipients differing in H-2 from the tumor host strains, is not due to the presence of foreign (derepressed) H-2 molecules on the tumor cells. The differences observed between the tumor cells and normal cells seem to be due to unexpected antibodies in the sera reacting with public H-2 specificities which are better exposed on the tumor cells than on normal cells.
Z Immunitatsforsch Immunobiol 1978 Dec
PMID:Characterization of antigens on murine tumor cells reacting with alloantisera against foreign H-2 specificities: analysis by absorption with purified murine leukemia virus and normal lymphoid cells of different H-2 haplotypes. 8 74

In several prospective studies during the past 5 years, we evaluated 400 patients with nonseminomatous and 60 with seminomatous testicular tumors with the use of serum and cellular AFP and HCG at the NCI. Ninety percent of the patients with nonseminomatous testicular tumors had elevated levels of either HCG and/or AFP that have been useful in detection, staging, prognosis, and monitoring the efficacy of the therapeutic modalities. Although 5% of the patients with pure seminoma had an elevated level of serum HCG, one must search for elements of nonseminomatous testicular tumor in these patients by serial section of the seminoma specimen. Elevated serum AFP in patients with designations of seminoma indicates the presence of an element of embryonal carcinoma and/or teratoma. We have localized these markers in various tumor cells by using the technique of indirect immunoperoxidase. The HCG is localized in syncytiotrophoblastic component of choriocarcinoma and syncytiotrophoblastic giant cells occasionally found in association with embryonal carcinoma, teratoma, and seminoma. The AFP is localized in embryonal and endodermal sinus tumor.
Natl Cancer Inst Monogr 1978 Dec
PMID:Immunochemical determination of human chorionic gonadotropin and alpha-fetoprotein in sera and tumors of patients with testicular cancer. 8 62

The new radioimmunoassays for AFP and beta-HCG are highly specific for nonseminomatous, germ-cell testicular tumor in genitourinary patients who do not have liver disease or other cancers. When used together, they are an accurate and sensitive indicator of metastases and are helpful in determining the effectiveness of therapy. However, they are not very useful in the differential diagnosis of scrotal masses.
Natl Cancer Inst Monogr 1978 Dec
PMID:Serum alpha-fetoprotein and human chorionic gonadotropin in the management of testicular tumors. 8 63

Male CD2F1 mice bearing an MCAM-7 transplant in the right leg underwent surgical excision of the tumor and showed specific resistance to subsequent challenges with that identical tumor line. An in vivo response to tumor-specific antigens (MCAM-7 antigen) solubilized by hypertonic potassium chloride was measured by 24-hour footpad swelling response in male CD2F1 mice immunized to the tumor from which the antigens were extracted. These observations suggested that the transplantable MCAM-7 fibrosarcoma could produce immunity toward the solubilized MCAM-7 tumors antigens and that this tumor immunity could be measured by footpad swelling response to injection of the solubilized antigens, an indication of cell-mediated immunity. The footpad swelling response was also monitored in relation to the extent of tumor growth. Similar techniques have been applied to patients bearing adenocarcinoma of the prostate for whom skin testing was substituted for the measurement of footpad swelling in animals. Four of 10 patients, who had known prostate carcinoma and were given intradermal injections of soluble tumor antigens extracted from their tumors, exhibited a cutaneous, delayed type hypersensitivity response to the injected autologous tumor extracts. No positive reactions were observed in response to solubilized components of control tissues, including BPH. These observations suggest that some patients bearing adenocarcinoma of the prostate can exhibit an immunologic response to specific antigens present in their neoplasms.
Natl Cancer Inst Monogr 1978 Dec
PMID:Specificity of cell membrane antigens in prostate cancer. 8 64

The 11095-A squamous cell tumor is a transplantable prostate carcinoma of the F344 rat. No tumor-specific antigens could be demonstrated for this carcinoma by serologic tests or in host protection experiments. Preliminary data from two other assay systems indicate that tumor-specific antigens may be weakly expressed in this model.
Natl Cancer Inst Monogr 1978 Dec
PMID:Rat prostate carcinoma 11095-A: profile of organ- and tumor-specific antigens. 8 65

Evidence for tumor-specific transplantation antigens of human prostate carcinoma was gained by others from in vivo sensitization. The fact that these antigens have not been detected by in vitro methods prompted us to investigate whether EB 33 cells, originated from a human prostate carcinoma by one of us (F.H.S.), expressed these antigens. Using 3-M potassium chloride extracts of EB 33 cells for immunization of New Zealand white rabbits, we obtained xenogeneic antibodies. Further analysis of their specificity was achieved by indirect immunofluorescence and by measurement of their cytotoxicity in a [51Cr]-release test. Xenogeneic antibodies were cytotoxic for EB 33 cells. However, the extent of cell lysis depended on the passage number of EB 33 target cells, thus reflecting an alteration of the antigenicity of the EB 33 cell population during culture. Formation of nonspecific antibodies could be absorbed with HeLa cells. As HLA were not detectable on EB 33 cells, results obtained from absorption experiments with homogenates of normal and malignant prostate tissue may argue for organ-specific and tumor-related transplantation antigens on EB 33 cells.
Natl Cancer Inst Monogr 1978 Dec
PMID:Antigenic properties of a cell line from human prostate carcinoma (EB 33). 8 66


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