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Query: UMLS:C0027651 (tumor)
 685,946 document(s) hit in 31,850,051 MEDLINE articles (0.00 seconds)

The clinical and pathologic features of 71 endodermal sinus tumors of the ovary were studied in an effort to delineate the histogenesis and biologic behavior of this neoplasm and to evaluate the efficacy of different forms of treatment. Alpha-fetoprotein (AFP) was identified in hyaline droplets, cell cytoplasm, and intercellular spaces of all 15 tumors examined by an immunoperoxidase technique; this supports the view that the neoplasm simulates yolk sac endoderm. There were only nine survivors among 65 patients on whom follow-up information was available; the actuarial survival was 13% at 3 years. Of the neoplasms that recurred, 93% did so within 1 year, and of those patients who died, 93% did so within 2 years. The size and stage of the tumor had prognostic significance, but the patient's age, the mitotic activity, and histologic pattern did not. Although 71% of the patients had Stage I tumors at the time of diagnosis, subclinical metastasis was present in 84% of Stage I patients. Triple chemotherapy (vincristine, actinomycin D, and cyclophosphamide (VAC)) employed after unilateral salpingo-oophorectomy in four patients with Stage I tumors resultivors among 12 Stage I patients treated with combined surgery and radiation. The finding of AFP in all tumors in which this was evaluated suggests that serum radioimmunoassay might be useful to monitor response to therapy.
Cancer 1976 Dec
PMID:Endodermal sinus tumor of the ovary: a clinical and pathologic analysis of 71 cases. 6 18

The clinical and pathologic features of 15 examples of a hitherto undescribed germ cell tumor of the ovary are delineated. This tumor resembles the embryonal carcinoma of the adult testis and may be distinguished from the endodermal sinus tumor on the basis of its histologic and immunohistochemical characteristics. An indirect immunoperoxidase method for the localization of human chorionic gonadotropin (HCG) and alpha-fetoprotein (AFP) was done on formalin-fixed paraffin-embedded tissue from 10 neoplasms; HCG was present in all 10 neoplasms, and AFP was found in seven. HCG was indentified only in cells resembling syncytiotrophoblast, whereas AFP was present only in mononuclear embryonal cells, indicating that the two protein antigens were localized in different cell types. Abnormal hormonal manifestations, consisting of precocious puberty, irregular bleeding, amenorrhea, or hirsutism, were present in nine (60%) of the patients. The actuarial survival for the entire group was 39%; for those with stage I tumors, 50%. We are proposing the term "embryonal carcinoma" for this neoplasm in order to distinuish it from the more common endodermal sinus tumor of the ovary and to emphasize the histologic similarity to embryonal carcinoma of the adult testis.
Cancer 1976 Dec
PMID:Embryonal carcinoma of the ovary: a clinicopathologic entity distinct from endodermal sinus tumor resembling embryonal carcinoma of the adult testis. 6 19

The expression of endogenous ecotropic viruses in radiation-induced thymomas of C57BL/6 mice was examined. Competition radioimmunoassays for AKR MuLV gp71, p30, and p12 were used for viral antigen expression. 3 of 40 lymphomas had readily detectable ecotropic gp71 at levels of 95-689 ng/mg protein; the remainder of the tumors had no detectable gp71 (less than 1.0 ng/mg protein). 30 thymomas were characterized by the presence of MuLV p30 at levels of 1-10 ng/mg protein, levels that were comparable to those found in thymus extracts from age-matched, nonirradiated control. 10 tumors were characterized by having p30 levels of 10-30 ng/mg protein. In one tumor significant levels of AKR MuLV p12 were detectable. Since B-tropic and N-tropic viruses from C57BL/6 mice have glycoproteins (gp71) indistinguishable from AKR MuLV gp71 and the N-tropic virus had a p12 serologically identical to AKR MuLV p12, these results demonstrate that overt endogenous B-tropic virus was detectable in 2 of 40 thymomas and endogenous N-tropic virus was detectable in 1 of 40 thymomas. The lack of overt expression of gp71 or p12 was also confirmed by cytotoxicity assays using monospecific antisera to these viral proteins. Radiation-induced lymphomas were also examined for the presence of reverse transcriptase after chromatography of tissue extracts on poly G-Sepharose. One tumor, which was characterized by the lack of gp71, also had no detectable reverse transcriptase; whereas one tumor with gp71 was characterized by readily detectable levels of reverse transcriptase in cellular extracts. The presence of viral RNA was examined using AKR cDNA. Low levels of RNA capable of hybridizing with AKR cDNA were found in age-matched, nonirradiated mice; these hybrids had Tm's of 72 degrees C, while hybrids with AKR MuLV 70S RNA had Tm's of 80 degrees C. In 1 of 12 thymomas the concentration of hybridizable RNA and the Tm of the hybrids were identical to control values. In 9 of 12 thymomas the concentration of hybridizable sequences increased approximately three-to fivefold and the Tm of these hybrids varied from 73 to 75 degrees C. In 1 of 12 thymomas the concentration of hybridizable sequences increased over 100-fold, hybridized completely with AKR MuLV cDNA, and the hybrids had Tm's of 79 degrees C. This thymoma was also characterized by the presence of the AKR MuLV type of gp71 and p12. One tumor was characterized by a 10-to 100-fold increase in hybridizable sequences, which only partially hybridized with AKR MuLV cDNA, and hybrids had a Tm of 73 degrees C. This tumor was characterized by the presence of AKR MuLV gp71 but not AKR MuLV p12. The results taken together demonstrate that overt endogenous ecotropic virus expression is only rarely detectable in radiation-induced thymomas of C57BL/6 mice.
J Exp Med 1976 Dec 01
PMID:Radiation leukemia in C57BL/6 mice. II. Lack of ecotropic virus expression in the majority of lymphomas. 6 29

Inoculation of C57BL/6J mice with allogeneic P815 mastocytoma cells in the presence of simian virus 40 (SV40), a DNA tumor virus, led to an enhanced cytolytic T-cell response to P815 in vivo. Cytotoxic function was also augmented if SV40 was given subsequent to a primary immunization, even when mice were given a suboptimal dose of immunizing cells. Although SV40 increased the cell-mediated immune response to allogeneic cells, it did not enhance the antibody response to the soluble antigen dinitrophenyl bovine gamma-globulin, a helper T-cell-dependent response. Thus it appeared that SV40 had a selective adjuvant effect on lymphocyte subpopulations, since it increased cytotoxicity but not helper T-cell function.
J Natl Cancer Inst 1976 Dec
PMID:Potentiation of cytotoxic T-cell function by virus. 6 65

Complexes of high-molecular-weight RNA and reverse transcriptase (RNA-dependent DNA nucleotidyltransferase) have been detected in 14(77.8%) of 18 spleen from patients with Hodgkin's disease and in all samples tested of peripheral leukocytes and spleens from leukemic patients. The enzyme and its template are localized in a particle having a density between 1.16 and 1.19 g/ml. These observations describe characteristic features of RNA tumor viruses.
Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 1976 Dec
PMID:Simultaneous detection of reverse transcriptase and high molecular weight RNA in tissue of patients with Hodgkin's disease and patients with leukemia. 6 53

Bleomycin was traced by the isotope Cobalt-57. By using this radioactive substance the pharmacokinetic behaviour of the drug was examined. It was given either intravenously or intra-arterially or directly into the tumor in patients suffering from epidermoid carcinoma in the maxillo-facial region. The differences in the pharmacokinetic data are delineated. Practically, the intra-arterial route of administration is the best one because of the high adherence rate of the drug to the perfused tissue.
J Maxillofac Surg 1976 Dec
PMID:Pharmacokinetic behaviour of bleomycin-cobalt-57 with special regard to intraarterial perfusion of the maxillo-facial region. 6 77

During intra-arterial perfusion therapy of oral squamous cell carcinomas with bleomycin, circumscribed necrotic areas in the perfused region are observed in a few cases. These are usually located in the acral regions. As the cause, a lesion of the blood vessels with formation of microthrombosis could be demonstrated. Electron-microscopic observations of the blood vessels in five bleomycin-perfused tumor areas demonstrated lesions of the endothelium characterized by swelling of the cells, formation of intracytoplasmatic vacuoles and villous projections into the lumen of the vessel. In arterioles, separation of the endothelium from the underlying tissue, swollen smooth muscle cells and destruction of elastic lamellae were found. These were the pacemakers for the formation of thrombosis. A negative influence of the vascular lesions on the cytostatic effect on the tumor is likely. Vascular lesions also constitute one of the initial factors for the development of the bleomycin-induced lung lesion (bleomycin lung).
Virchows Arch A Pathol Anat Histol 1976 Dec 27
PMID:Vascular lesions following perfusion with bleomycin. Electron-microscopic observations. 6 49

In studies of the mouse thymus, lymphocyte mitoses are seen to be most frequent in the thymus cortex. There is evidence from thymic grafts that a hypothetical factor, thymopoietin, may stimulate mitosis of thymic lymphocytes. It is a factor which is postulated to act in conjunction with the PAS-positive mesenchymal reticular cells and epithelial reticular cells of the cortex. The thymus medulla is necessary for the integrity of thymic grafts, and may also elaborate a secretion for maintaining the cellular functions of the gland. Thymectomy has been used as a gauge for judging normal thymic function and results, in the mouse, in lymphopenia, degeneration of spleen and lymph nodes, delayed rejection of skin allografts, reduced ability of spleen cells to mount the graft versus host reaction, and reduced primary immune response to certain antigens. Correction of these deficiencies offers a means of evaluating various thymic extracts and grafts. Lymphocytosis-stimulating hormone (LSH) is known to maintain the peripheral lymphoid organs and cause lymphocytosis in the thymectomized animal. Diffusion chamber studies of thymic grafts also show restored lymphoid tissue by a cell-free factor (CIF). These two factors may be the same and probably represent the basis of the highly purified lymphocyte-stimulating proteins, LSHr and LSHh, which restore the L/P ratio in thymectomized animals and may stimulate lymphopoiesis in spleen and lymph nodes. LSHr, unlike LSHh, increases the total lymphocyte count. LSHr has been found to increase the humoral antibody response in neonatal mice both by the PFC technique and by direct hemolysis of sheep erythrocytes. Homeostatic thymic hormone (HTH) is a thymic extract of small molecular weight and contains nucleic acid. In the thymectomized guinea pig it has been found to maintain normal levels of lymphocytes in the blood, spleen and lymph nodes, to restore antibody titers to typhoid H antigen and to restore the toxic allergic reaction. Thymic humoral factor (THF) is of smaller molecular weight (less than 1,000) and probably is not a protein. It also enhances lymphoid proliferation in neonatally thymectomized mice. There is evidence that THF participates in humoral antibody formation because it stimulates PFC formation from neonatally thymectomized mice after inoculation with sheep erythrocytes. Its effects on cell-mediated immunity are seen from findings that injection of THF restores the ability of thymectomized mice to reject skin allografts. THF enables spleen cells from thymectomized or neonatal animals to mount the graft versus host reaction, and causes maturation of bone marrow cells and spleen or lymph node cells so that they can participate in the graft versus host reaction. It has been reported to stimulate lymphocytes to kill isogeneic tumor cells in vitro. Thymosin is protein extracted from the thymus. It has been found to alleviate leukopenia slightly and provide some improvement in lymphoid histology in thymectomized mice...
Jpn J Med Sci Biol 1976 Dec
PMID:Some endocrine aspects of the thymus gland. 6 31

The surface antigenic characteristics of human glial brain tumor (HGBT) cells were studied by complement-dependent cytotoxic antibody assays and indirect membrane immunofluorescence. Eight permanent, well-characterized cell lines derived from human gliomas were used for analysis with antisera raised by hyperimmunization of nonhuman primates (Macaca fascicularis) with glioblastoma multiforme tissue or established HGBT cells lines. Exhaustive absorption of these antisera to remove predominantly antispecies activity rendered HLA nonreactive "preabsorbed" antisera, which reacted with a large panel of gliomatous and nongliomatous human tumor cells; 1 carcinoma, 2 sarcomas, 2 melanomas, 1 neuroblastoma, and 8 HGBT cell lines. Four lymphoblastoid lines and 2 carcinomas were unreactive. After further absorption with a human osteogenic sarcoma cell line, the antisera demonstrated significant levels of reactivity for 8 tested HGBT cell lines and no longer reacted with the nongliomatous cultured tumor cells lines. Therefore, extensive absorption of nonhuman primate anti-human glioma sera removed all activity for the nongliomatous cell lines tested, but it left significant reactivity against a glial tumor cell line-associated antigen(s) present on all 8 human glioma cell lines tested.
Cancer Res 1977 Dec
PMID:Surface antigenic characteristics of human glial brain tumor cells. 7 98

Tumor cell fractions isolated from tumor lines SH-3 (breast carcinoma) and RPMI-7932 (malignant melanoma) by differential centrifugations were capable of transforming lymphocytes into cytotoxic effector cells. Lymphocytes cultured alone in human AB plasma did not become cytotoxic to tumor cells. However, when cultured with tumor cell fractions sedimented at 1000 X g(R1), 20,000 X g(R2), and 100,000 X g(R3), these lymphocytes became markedly cytotoxic to specific tumor targets in a 3.5-hr (51)Cr release assay. R2 fractions were significantly more immunogenic than were R3 fractions (p less than 0.05). Although lymphocytes sensitized with SH-3 tumor cell fractions were cytotoxic to SH-3 tumor cells, they were also cytotoxic to cells from RPMI-7932 and RPMI-8322 (malignant melanoma) tumor lines and vice versa. Cells from tumor lines HT-29 (colon carcinoma) and COLO 110 (ovary carcinoma) were significantly less susceptible to lysis by effector cells generated against SH-3. These immune cells, although capable of killing cells from tumor lines, were not able to lyse cells from autochthonous normal lymphoid lines or normal lymphocytes that have been transformed by phytohemagglutinin. Tumor cell fractions were not immunogenic at low (5- to 20-mul/0.75 ml) concentrations; an increase of 4- to 10- fold in their concentrations was usually followed by a decrease in immunization.
Cancer Res 1977 Dec
PMID:In vitro immunization against human tumor cells with tumor cell fractions. 7


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