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Query: UMLS:C0027651 (tumor)
 685,946 document(s) hit in 31,850,051 MEDLINE articles (0.00 seconds)

Two cell lines with different in vitro growth patterns were established from the pleural fluid of a patient with malignant epithelial pleural mesothelioma. The cell line established in RPMI 1640 supplemented with human AB serum had an epithelial morphology, while the cell line established in fetal calf serum-supplemented medium had a fibroblast-like morphology. Exposure of the fibroblast-like cell line to human AB serum-containing medium resulted in a nearly complete transformation of the morphology to the epithelial-like phenotype, and the epithelial-like cell line changed its phenotype to fibroblast-like upon exposure to fetal calf serum-supplemented medium. Both cell lines formed colonies in soft agarose and secreted hyaluronic acid into the culture medium. In both cell lines all the metaphases studied lacked chromosomes 5 and 9, demonstrating the same clonal origin. However, one marker and a missing chromosome 11 were found only in the fibroblast-like cell line. We conclude that human AB serum supplement can be used for the establishment of human tumor cell lines, and that the choice of serum can affect the in vitro morphology of the established mesothelioma cell lines. The mechanisms behind the different growth patterns seem to be a selective stimulation of different subpopulations of malignant cells as well as induction of changes in the morphology of individual cells.
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PMID:Serum-dependent growth patterns of two, newly established human mesothelioma cell lines. 279 Aug 24

The effects of thyroid-stimulating hormone (TSH) and a tumor promoter: 12-0-tetradecanoyl-phorbol-13-acetate on glycosaminoglycan (GAG) synthesis were studied in porcine thyroid epithelial cells in primary culture. TSH is known to involve cyclic AMP mechanism and phorbol ester to act by protein kinase C pathway. Chronic treatment of cells with TSH increased the synthesis of heparan sulphate associated with the cell layer and hyaluronic acid in the culture medium. Phorbol ester increased the radioactivity of total GAGs in the culture medium but had no effect on GAGs associated with the cell layer. It inhibited the positive effect of TSH on heparan sulphate synthesis. These results suggest that in thyroid epithelial cells the synthesis of the GAGs associated with the cell layer and those secreted into the culture medium are regulated by different intracellular mechanisms.
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PMID:Effects of thyroid-stimulating hormone and phorbol ester on glycosaminoglycan synthesis in porcine thyroid epithelial cells in primary culture. 280 78

Using B-10 tumor cells originated from mouse peritoneal macrophages transformed by simian virus 40, we succeeded in producing tumors in an ascitic form similar to human myxoid malignant fibrous histiocytoma. The tumor cells possessed Fc and C3 receptors, immunophagocytic activity, and lysosomal enzymes. They showed pseudopodic extensions of the cytoplasm containing lysosomes. Therefore, they maintained the functional and morphological characteristics of macrophages. On cellulose acetate electrophoresis with or without enzymatic degradation, the ascitic fluid contained a single component of glycosaminoglycans; hyaluronic acid. Electron microscopy utilizing dialyzed iron demonstrated electron-dense reaction products on the cell surfaces. Thus, the histiocytic origin of malignant fibrous histiocytoma was suggested and possibility was expressed, concerning the histogenesis of myxoid malignant fibrous histiocytoma, that the transformed tumor cells could synthesize hyaluronic acid on the cell surface and release it into the stroma.
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PMID:Experimental tumors of myxoid malignant fibrous histiocytoma and hyaluronic acid production. 282 Jan 86

Ocular metastases developed from breast carcinomas in two women 7 and 19 years after their mastectomies. They were both ciliary body metastases that had eroded through the root of the iris to present as unifocal globular, gelatinous (colloid) masses in the anterior chamber, and were amenable to local surgery. Histopathologically, small cellular clusters were widely separated in a sea of mucin; the tumor cells failed to display marked pleomorphism or mitotic activity. In each case, the distinction from a primary mucinous ciliary epithelial neoplasm had to be made both clinically and pathologically. For comparison, the authors also report a unique primary ciliary carcinoma that caused intractable glaucoma by spreading diffusely throughout the iris, ciliary body, and anterior chamber angle, and that necessitated enucleation. The tumor cells failed to produce hyaluronic acid but elaborated a mucosubstance which was histochemically indistinguishable from that of the metastatic carcinomas. This primary neoplasm, however, exhibited the following histologic differences from the metastases: more architectural variability, including garlands and festoons of cells not forming lumens that were suspended in a mucinous matrix; much more abundant intracellular mucin; foci of sheet-like and pleomorphic cellular proliferations with mitotic activity; and partial replacement of the ciliary processes by a comparatively benign-appearing mucinous columnar epithelium.
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PMID:Metastatic colloid carcinoma versus primary carcinoma of the ciliary epithelium. 282 94

Mesotheliomas developed in rats in the abdominal cavity 6-23 months after peritoneal introduction of chrysotile and crocidolite asbestos. The tumors were strikingly similar to those occurring in man both with regard to histologic features and growth patterns. The authors have cultured cells from these tumors and established epithelial lines with a variety of karyologic features and doubling times shorter than those of normal mesothelial cells. Lines of diploid or near-diploid tumor cells required serum in the medium to replicate, whereas most aneuploid cell lines were maintained in a serum-free medium. In serum-free medium, the aneuploid line monolayers produced anchorage-independent excrescent masses of cells which "bud" and float free. These spheroids, which strikingly resemble the papillary structures in human mesotheliomas, are composed of mesothelial-like cells that produce hyaluronic acid and have a rich complement of intermediate filaments, predominantly cytokeratins. Aneuploid cells also replicated in soft agar with high efficiency, whereas the diploid and near-diploid cells did not. All but one cultured cell line, regardless of karyotype, produced tumors after subcutaneous or intraperitoneal inoculation (or both). Aneuploid cells caused lung tumors sporadically when introduced intravenously. Comparative analysis of the nuclear DNA of primary tumors and cultured cells demonstrated a high degree of chromosomal instability and selection among cells during early passage in vitro.
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PMID:Characteristics of tumors and tumor cells cultured from experimental asbestos-induced mesotheliomas in rats. 282 88

A cell line was established from a portion of a 25-cm stromal sarcoma of the left breast of a 65-year-old woman. The clinical course was rapid with tumor recurrence on the chest wall less than 1 month after mastectomy. Other cutaneous and abdominal metastases occurred shortly thereafter, and death followed within 3 months despite chemotherapy. The cultured cells, designated RW-972, produced large amounts of acid mucopolysaccharides (hyaluronic acid) and mimicked the aggressive growth characteristics seen in the patient. After injection into nude mice, the tumor grew rapidly and occasionally produced metastases. This unique cell line, RW-972, presumably derived from the stromal component of a human malignant cystosarcoma phyllodes, might be useful in studies of experimental therapy of this rare tumor type and of lobular stromal cells of breast. It may also be used to investigate hyaluronic acid production by tumor cells.
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PMID:A human breast stromal sarcoma cell line with features of malignant cystosarcoma phyllodes. 284 43

The clinical and pathologic features of 13 cases of juvenile granulosa cell tumor were studied. Patients' ages ranged from 6 months to 56 years (median age, 17 years). Only one patient was postmenopausal. Three premenarchal patients had isosexual development. Five of seven postmenarchal patients had menstrual abnormalities, and two patients demonstrated virilization. Ascites was present in two patients. All patients had unilateral stage I tumors, ranging from 2.5 to 24.5 cm in greatest dimension (mean greatest dimension, 12.2 cm). Characteristic histologic features included nodular architecture, follicle formation, abundant interstitial and intrafollicular acid mucopolysaccharide-rich fluid, irregular microcysts, individual cell necrosis, and high mitotic activity (mean activity, 11 mitotic figures per ten high-power fields). The interstitial mucinous fluid consisted predominantly of hyaluronic acid. Immunohistochemical staining in five cases showed prominent positivity for vimentin (four cases), isolated cytokeratin AE1/3-positive cells (two cases), and nonreactivity for carcinoembryonic antigen and milk fat globule-2. Ultrastructurally, epithelial cells that resembled granulosa cells of the nonneoplastic preovulatory follicle and occasional cells with steroidogenic organelles were also found. Follow-up of ten patients revealed no tumor recurrences from six months to 33 years (mean, 9.5 years) after operation.
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PMID:Juvenile granulosa cell tumors of the ovary. 291 Feb 25

Tumor mass of the stomach from patients with scirrhous carcinoma was analyzed biochemically and immunohistochemically to elucidate whether or not infiltrating carcinoma cells are directly responsible for overproductions of collagen in the lesion. Collagen content per unit transverse section of the tumor was two to four times higher than the normal. Of particular interest was that the contents of hyaluronic acid and chondroitin sulfate were five to ten times higher than the normal, suggesting that cells in the lesion of the tumor are in an actively proliferating stage. Immunohistochemical observations using type-specific anti-collagen antibodies and anti-carcinoembryonic antigen antibody revealed that type IV collagen was diffusely distributed through the tumor stroma of submucosa and fragmented regions of muscle layer, along with dense fibrous components composed of type I and type III collagens. Stroma cells in the lesion were often stained with antibody to type IV collagen. In contrast, carcinoma cells were with antibody to type I collagen, but not with antibodies to type III and type IV collagen. Quantitative analysis of the collagen production by isolated stroma cells and undifferentiated (KATO-III) and highly differentiated (MKN-28) carcinoma cells in culture in the presence and absence of a combination of the conditioned medium of these cells has shown that the scirrhous carcinoma of stomach results from the "stroma reaction" of stroma cells induced by infiltrating malignant epithelium.
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PMID:Biochemical and immunohistochemical studies on the scirrhous carcinoma of human stomach. 300 25

Histochemical and ultrastructural features of a gastric myxoid leiomyosarcoma from a 55-year-old man were examined. At autopsy, the tumor was located mainly in the greater omentum and was directly connected to a coinsized gastric tumor. Multiple hepatic metastases and peritoneal disseminations were noted. Light-microscopically, the tumor was composed of a prominent myxoid stroma and ovoid or rounded tumor cells. The myxoid stroma was stained weakly basophilic with hematoxylin and eosin, and was mainly composed of hyaluronic acid. Tumor cells in the stomach were spindle-shaped and apparently myogenic. Ultrastructurally, the gastric tumor cells showed a loose cohesion with junctional apparatuses, pinocytotic vesicles, basal laminae, and cytoplasmic filaments with focal densities. Tumor cells in the omentum and the liver, however, were poorly differentiated and showed an epithelioid nature in part. This unique leiomyosarcoma is reported with some differential diagnoses from other myxoid sarcomas.
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PMID:Gastric leiomyosarcoma with massive myxoid degeneration. A histochemical and ultrastructural study. 301 33

Acquired von Willebrand disease (AVWD) has been described in two cases of nephroblastoma. We studied a patient with nephroblastoma who presented with a coagulopathy suggestive of AVWD. The subject had undetectable levels of F.VIIIR:Ag, diminished F.VIIIR:WF (16.3%), F.VIII:C activity (37%), and lack of platelet aggregation to ADP, epinephrine, collagen, and arachidonic acid. These results were associated with abnormally high serum levels (850 mg/dl) of hyaluronic acid (HA), which made the patient's serum hyperviscous. Examination of the neoplasm revealed HA in the tumor matrix. All abnormalities of coagulation resolved after chemotherapy and extirpation of the neoplasm, which produced normal serum HA levels. To study the effects of HA on platelet function, we added HA to normal platelet-poor plasma (NPP), which rendered F.VIIIR:Ag undetectable; treatment of HA with hyaluronidase eliminated F.VIIIR:Ag assay interference caused by HA. F.VIII:C activity decreased in vitro when HA was mixed with normal platelet-poor plasma (NPP). HA reduced the initial slope of normal platelet aggregation. Partial correction of platelet aggregation occurred after hyaluronidase treatment of HA-spiked PRP. Experiments in rabbits exposed to HA (serum level 400 mg/dl) demonstrated abnormalities similar to those noted in the patient. Shear rate studies of whole blood containing HA (500 mg/dl) yielded high shear stress, 27-136 dynes/cm2 over shear rates of 10-216 sec-1. We conclude that the coagulopathy demonstrated in this case is secondary to hyperviscosity produced by elevated levels of HA, which interferes with the assay for F.VIIIR:Ag. Thus the acquired coagulopathy associated with other cases of nephroblastoma may present as spurious von Willebrand disease.
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PMID:Platelet dysfunction associated with Wilms tumor and hyaluronic acid. 303 95


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