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Query: UMLS:C0027651 (tumor)
 685,946 document(s) hit in 31,850,051 MEDLINE articles (0.00 seconds)

In order to analyze the mucoid substance in the epithelial component of synovial sarcoma, electron microscopic and cytochemical studies were made on three of these neoplasms. The mucoid substances in the glandular lumen were intensely stained with ruthenium red (RR), appearing as granular, fibrillar and amorphous structures. RR staining of proteoglycans was diminished after treatment with chondroitinase AC or ABC, and was partially diminished by exposure to streptomyces hyaluronidase. Trypsin treatment did not affect RR staining of proteoglycans in the lumen. On thin sections stained with periodic acid-thiocarbo-hydrazide-silver proteinate (PA-TCH-SP), deposits of reaction product were observed on the mucoid substances within the lumen, and were localized in the Golgi complex, including the rough endoplasmic reticulum, small vesicle and lysosome-like dense body. Trypsin digestion decreased the stain intensity of PA-TCH-SP. These results indicate that the lumen of the gland-like component contains glycoproteins as well as proteoglycans mainly consisting of chondroitin sulfate and hyaluronic acid, and suggest that GERL (Novikoff) is closely related to production, storage and transport of glycoproteins in the cytoplasm of tumor cells.
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PMID:[Ultrastructural cytochemistry of epithelial gland-like component in synovial sarcoma]. 249 43

The present study evaluates the glycosaminoglycans (GAGs) pattern associated with transplantable rat fibrosarcoma induced by 3-methylcholanthrene. The quantitative analysis of fractionation of GAGs in fibrosarcoma and fetal tissues was performed by enzymatic digestion. The average value of total GAGs in fibrosarcoma and fetal tissue was found to be 4 times higher than its value in the tissue of origin. GAG content showed a steady increase from 7th day onward to 25th day. Hyaluronic acid content in tumor tissue was observed to increase markedly (8-fold) against that of the normal tissue and was equivalent to that of the fetal tissue. Chondroitin sulfate level was also increased in the tumor as well as fetal tissue. The increase in the chondroitin sulfate and hyaluronic acid contents might possibly be due to the abnormal GAG metabolism in the increased production of both sulfated and nonsulfated GAGs.
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PMID:Separation and evaluation of changing pattern of glycosaminoglycans in 3-methyl cholanthrene induced fibrosarcoma. 250 Jun 7

The abilities of rodent tumor cell lines; B16BL6, ND and LT dietary variants of B16BL6, +SA, RT7-4bs and RT7-4bLs to invade composite collagen I gels containing heparin, chemically modified heparins, heparan sulfate, chondroitin sulfate, hyaluronic acid, dextran, dextran sulfate, laminin and collagen IV were investigated, and compared to the invasion of plain collagen I gels. The presence of heparin or heparan sulfate most generally promoted tumor cell invasion of the gels, with more aggressive invasion being noted for the more metastatic variants examined. Of the chemically modified heparins tested, carboxyl-reduced heparin promoted matrix invasion by B16BL6 and +SA cells to the greatest degree. Hyaluronic acid marginally promoted invasion by +SA and RT7-4bs primary cells while, in these collagen I based gels laminin only promoted matrix invasion by primary +SA cells to a very limited degree. The tumor cell lines attached relatively poorly to heparan sulfate substrates compared to the other glycosaminoglycans tested, and the primary tumor cell lines also attached relatively poorly to collagen I. As expected, highly metastatic variants showed greater attachment to laminin than did their less metastatic counterparts. Apart from the negative correlation of cellular attachment to heparan sulfate substrates with invasiveness towards heparan sulfate containing gels, no other relationships emerged linking attachment rates with invasive activities for particular complex gel compositions. Our results suggest an important role for heparan sulfate, and possibly also tissue heparin, in promoting tumor cell invasion of extracellular matrices. Results from complex gels containing dextran or dextran sulfate failed to support the hypothesis that GAG sulfation is important to cellular invasion. The activity of the chemically modified heparins in promoting invasion, when present as components of these model matrices, suggests that part of the anti-metastatic activity of these compounds, when preincubated with tumor cells prior to intravenous inoculation, could result from interference with tumor cell extravasation.
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PMID:Tumor cell invasion of three-dimensional matrices of defined composition: evidence for a specific role for heparan sulfate in rodent cell lines. 252 48

The expression of heparan sulfate proteoglycans (HSPGs) by human glioma cells was examined by biochemical and immunological methods in vitro and in vivo. Chondroitin sulfate was shown to represent the major [3H]glucosamine-labeled glycosaminoglycan synthesized by cultured normal brain cells. However, high-grade glioma-derived cells were shown to express significantly increased quantities of hyaluronic acid and heparan sulfate and approximately equal amounts of chondroitin sulfate compared with normal glial cells. To investigate further the differential expression of HSPGs, proteoglycans were isolated from glioma cells and were used as an immunogen to generate monoclonal antibodies (MAbs). One of these MAbs, 39H (an IgM), was shown to bind more to high-grade glioma-derived cells then to low-grade glioma or normal brain cells in vitro. MAb 39H was also observed to bind to isolated HSPGs but not to heparan sulfate glycosaminoglycan chains or trypsin-treated cells. Immunofluorescence staining of the cultured high-grade glioma cells revealed an intense diffuse cell surface staining pattern over the entire cell and also isolated footpads. In contrast, the low-grade tumor or normal glial cells showed a distinctive punctated staining. A similar differential staining of MAb 39H was most prominent between tissue sections of glioblastoma multiforme and anaplastic astrocytomas versus low-grade astrocytomas and normal brain. The low grade gliomas exhibited a weak punctated staining, whereas the high-grade gliomas showed significantly more intense staining, particularly along the apical regions of the cells. These results suggest that altered expression of HSPGs may be related to the malignant transformation or growth potential of glial-derived cells.
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PMID:Altered expression and distribution of heparan sulfate proteoglycans in human gliomas. 252 16

Seventy five prostatic specimens from cancer, BPH and normal controls were studied by light microscopic histochemical methods for the demonstration of complex carbohydrates and some proteins: 1) alcian blue (AB) (pH 1.0), 2) alcian blue (AB) (pH 2.5), 3) Periodic Acid-Schiff (PAS), 4) peroxidase labelled-Ricinus communis agglutinin-diaminobenzidine (PO-RCA-DAB), 5) Concanavalin A-peroxidase-diaminobenzidine (ConA-PO-DAB), 6) ConA-PO-DAB-periodic acid-m-aminophenol Fast black salt K (ConA-PO-DAB-PA-AP-FBK). For identifying individual acidic and neutral carbohydrates, following procedures of enzyme digestion were performed upon some tissue sections prior to the above histochemical staining: a) sialidase (prior to staining with AB at pH 2.5), b) streptomyces hyaluronidase (prior to staining with AB at pH 2.5), c) testicular hyaluronidase (prior to staining with AB at pH 1.0 or pH 2.5), d) chondroitinase ABC (prior to staining with AB at pH 1.0 or pH 2.5), e) chondroitinase AC (prior to staining with AB at pH 1.0 or pH 2.5), f) alpha-amylase (prior to staining with PAS). In addition, the tissue specimens from prostatic cancer were stained immunohistochemically for demonstration of prostatic acid phosphatase (PAP) and the serum PAP levels were also measured by radioimmunoassay. The histochemical differences in the prostatic tissue among normal control, BPH and cancer as follows. In the tissue of prostatic cancer, chondroitin sulfate A, C and hyaluronic acid were present in the interstitium. Chondroitin sulfate, hyaluronic acid and sialic acid were present in the cytoplasm of cancer cells. In the tissue of BPH chondroitin sulfate B and hyaluronic acid was present in the interstitium and hyaluronic acid was present in the cytoplasm of epitherial cells. In the epithelial basement membrane of the tissue from BPH, chondroitin B and hyaluronic acid were present. 1,2-Glycol groups of neutral complex carbohydrates in the interstitium of prostatic cancer were shown to exist in smaller amounts than in that of BPH. In the cytoplasm of cancer cells the intensity of both PO-RCA-DAB and ConA-PO-DAB staining could be divided into three groups: strong, moderate and weak. In the prostatic cancer there was a good correlation between the intensity of PO-RCA-DAB staining and tumor grade, and intensity of ConA-PO-DAB staining was correlated well with serum PAP level. The cytoplasm of cancer cells showed a positive reaction to PAP immunostaining and no appreciable difference was observed according to tumor grade.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 400 WORDS)
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PMID:[The histochemistry of complex carbohydrates in the prostatic tumor]. 258 29

The components and variations of glycosaminoglycan (GAG) in the growth of transplantable tumors derived from a spontaneous mouse mammary tumor were investigated. A 45-week-old ddY female mouse, obtained from Shizuoka Laboratory Animal Center, was found to have a bean-sized mass at the third mammary gland of the left side. The tumor mass was surgically excised and used for transplantation in the present study. This mammary tumor was histologically found to be Type B-adenocarcinoma. Transplantable mammary tumors consisted of the fibrous or edematous interstitium contained a large amount of GAG components, which was mainly hyaluronic acid (HA), dermatan sulfate (DS) and chondroitin sulfate A/C (ChS). In the analysis of GAG components, HA content was present in a large amount in logarithmic growth phase of transplanted mammary tumors, but it was markedly decreased in stationary phase. On the other hand, the contents of DS and ChS increased in stationary phase of the tumor growth, and these increases corresponded, histologically, with the propagation of the fibrous interstitial tissues.
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PMID:[Variation of glycosaminoglycan in the growth of transplantable tumors derived from a spontaneous ddY mouse mammary tumor]. 271 82

Previous studies have shown that human colon carcinomas contain elevated amounts of chondroitin sulfate proteoglycan (CS-PG) and hyaluronic acid, and that the major site of synthesis of these products is the host mesenchyme surrounding the tumor. These findings have led to the proposal that the abnormal formation of the tumor stroma is modulated by the neoplastic cells. The experiments of this paper were designed to explore further this complex phenomenon in an in vitro system using co-cultures of phenotypically stable human colon smooth muscle (SMC) and carcinoma cells (WiDr). The results showed a 3-5-fold stimulation of CS-PG and hyaluronic acid biosynthesis in the co-cultures as compared to the values predicted from the individual cell type cultured separately. The increase in CS-PG was not due to changes in specific activity of the precursor pool, but was rather due to a net increase in synthesis, inasmuch as it was associated with neither a stimulation of cell proliferation nor with an inhibition of intracellular breakdown. These biochemical changes were corroborated by ultrastructural studies which showed a marked deposition of proteoglycan granules in the co-cultures. Several lines of evidence indicated that the SMC were responsible for the overproduction of CS-PG: i) SMC synthesized primarily CS-PG when cultured alone, in contrast to the WiDr, which synthesized exclusively heparan sulfate proteoglycan; ii) only the SMC in co-culture stained with an antibody raised against the amino terminal peptide of a CS-PG (PG-40), structurally and immunologically related to that synthesized by the SMC; iii) the stimulation of CS-PG in SMC could be reproduced, though to a lesser extent, using medium conditioned by WiDr, whereas medium conditioned by SMC had no effects on WiDr. In conclusion this study has reproduced in vitro a tumor-associated matrix with a proteoglycan composition similar to that observed in vivo and provides further support to the concept that production of a proteoglycan-rich extracellular environment is regulated by specific tumor-host cell interactions.
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PMID:Neoplastic modulation of extracellular matrix: stimulation of chondroitin sulfate proteoglycan and hyaluronic acid synthesis in co-cultures of human colon carcinoma and smooth muscle cells. 272 66

The sine qua non of malignancy is the ability of tumor cells to migrate and invade surrounding tissue. There are many substances that have been described that enhance cell motility and hyaluronic acid is prominent among these. Hyaluronic acid is a high molecular weight alternating disaccharide polymer found in abundance in extracellular matrices whenever rapid cell proliferation or tissue regeneration and repair occur. It creates a permissive environment for cell motility during embryogenesis, and high levels of hyaluronic acid also correlate with increased tumor cell invasion and aggressiveness. Little is known about the regulation of hyaluronic acid production, either in normal tissue or in malignancy. In this study, we characterize a hyaluronic acid-stimulating activity in fetal calf serum and describe a similar activity in the sera of breast cancer patients. The stimulating activity was measured by placing aliquots of test substance on fibrosarcoma cells. These indicator cells, which synthesize copious quantities of hyaluronic acid, respond to stimulation in a time- and dose-dependent fashion. The fetal calf serum hyaluronic acid-stimulating activity is maximum early in gestation and then falls rapidly to essentially no activity at term. This activity was partially purified from 120-day fetal calf serum by concanavalin A-Sepharose affinity and ion exchange chromatography and is accounted for by a glycoprotein with a molecular weight of 150,000 on gel filtration under native conditions. The sera of breast cancer patients with measurable burden of disease also contained hyaluronic acid-stimulating activity, which was not present in normal serum donors or in breast cancer patients without evidence of disease. The production of this stimulating activity may contribute to the development of the malignant phenotype by inducing hyaluronic acid-rich microenvironments that are permissive to tumor cell invasion and metastases.
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PMID:Hyaluronic acid-stimulating activity in sera from the bovine fetus and from breast cancer patients. 273 Nov 71

Serum concentrations of unhydrolyzed hyaluronic acid (HA) in nude mice bearing human malignant mesothelioma xenografts were determined by size-exclusion chromatography. HA rose to 8-16 micrograms/mL (controls: less than 1 micrograms/mL) by the fourth to fifth day after tumor (epithelial) transplantation, 3 to 5 days before palpability. Decreases in HA during late tumor growth are probably attributed to tumor necrosis, based on the observation that HA was 2.5 times less in necrotic than in viable tumor tissues. This serum biomarker, recognizable before physical detectability of xenografted tumors, should have applicability to monitoring experimental chemotherapy in mice and to early diagnosis and monitoring of human malignant mesothelioma.
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PMID:Early diagnosis and monitoring of transplanted human malignant mesothelioma by serum hyaluronic acid. 273 36

The changes of glycosaminoglycan (GAG) in the growth of urethane-induced mammary tumors in BALB/c mice were investigated. The artificial mammary tumor was chemically induced by urethane. Successive homo-transplantations of this artificial mammary tumor were successfully achieved at the rate of 100%. Histologically, this artificially induced transplantable mammary tumor (MC) line maintained the characteristics of adenoacanthoma of primary tumors in each successive generation. MC in each generation showed a logarithmic growth beginning from about the 5th day after transplantation, and their growth became slow about the 30th day. Histochemically, GAG components in MC were distributed into the interstitial tissue and into some of the squamous metaplastic epithelial cell layers. Biochemically, GAG components consisted primarily of hyaluronic acid (HA), dermatan sulfate (DS) and chondroitin sulfate (ChS), but there were also small amounts of components which could not be identified. The HA content of MC increased during the logarithmic growth phase and decreased during the stationary phase. However, DS and ChS contents increased during the stationary phase of MC. These increases, histologically, corresponded with propagations in fibrous interstitial tissue. In the final analysis, it is surmised that HA is involved in the take and growth of MC (adenoacanthoma) in mice, while DS and/or ChS are involved in the proliferation of the fibrous interstitial tissue cells of the tumor.
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PMID:The changes of glycosaminoglycan in the growth of urethane-induced mouse mammary tumors. 277 Jan 26


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