Gene/Protein Disease Symptom Drug Enzyme Compound
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Query: UMLS:C0027651 (tumor)
 685,946 document(s) hit in 31,850,051 MEDLINE articles (0.00 seconds)

The effect of leukoregulin, a 50-kD lymphokine with unique antitumor properties, was studied in vitro on several fibroblast functions. Leukoregulin did not inhibit fibroblast proliferation, as measured by cell enumeration and [3H]thymidine incorporation, and had no cytotoxic effect in terms of increased membrane permeability detected by trypan blue exclusion, two of the major leukoregulin actions on tumor cells. Leukoregulin induced a dose-dependent decrease in collagen synthesis, demonstrated by decreased [3H]proline incorporation into collagenase-digestible protein, as early as 6 h after the addition of the lymphokine to human fibroblasts. Leukoregulin inhibited the synthesis of both type I and type III collagen, as measured by SDS-PAGE and by specific radioimmunoassay. Neutralizing antibodies to interleukin-1 alpha, interleukin-1 beta, tumor necrosis factor-alpha, and interferon-gamma failed to alter the effect of leukoregulin on collagen synthesis, attesting that leukoregulin action was not due to contamination by these cytokines. Inhibition of collagen synthesis occurred concomitantly with increased secretion of prostaglandin E2 and a transient rise in intracellular cyclic AMP content, peaking at 6 h. However, blocking prostaglandin synthesis with indomethacin did not counteract inhibition of collagen synthesis by leukoregulin, demonstrating independence of this action of leukoregulin from cyclooxygenase metabolites. Leukoregulin also stimulated glycosaminoglycan production in a dose-dependent manner, affecting the synthesis of hyaluronic acid as the major fibroblast-derived extracellular glycosaminoglycan. In addition, secretion of neutral proteases (collagenase, elastase, caseinase) was increased. These observations indicate that leukoregulin is able to regulate synthesis of molecules critical to the deposition of the extracellular matrix by nontransformed nonmalignant fibroblasts.
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PMID:Modulation of human dermal fibroblast extracellular matrix metabolism by the lymphokine leukoregulin. 164 5

The pathophysiology of Wilms' tumor is associated with major alterations in hyaluronic acid metabolism. Elevated levels of both hyaluronic acid and a hyaluronic acid-stimulating activity occur in the urine and serum of patients with this tumor. In the current study, we describe elevated levels of urinary hyaluronidase in five patients with Wilms' tumor. Following surgical removal of the tumor, enzyme levels decreased toward normal. Characterization of enzyme activity indicates that hyaluronidase may be produced by the tumor itself. Alternatively, normal renal tissue may also be producing enzyme in a compensatory response to the elevated hyaluronic acid levels in these patients. We suggest that urinary hyaluronidase can be used as an additional marker for Wilms' tumor.
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PMID:Hyaluronidase levels in urine from Wilms' tumor patients. 166 75

Immunohistochemical study was carried out in a case of adenomatoid tumor of the uterine corpus. The patient was a 35-year-old female. The tumor showed classical histochemical and immunohistochemical findings of mesothelioma, i.e., presence of hyaluronic acid on the cellular surface and cytokeratin in the cytoplasm. In addition, the tumor showed positive reaction to anti-vimentin. Furthermore, absence of Ber-Ep4 supports mesothelial origin of this tumor. EMA reaction was reported only in one case in the literature. The result was negative as in our case. Therefore, it was suggested that at least some of the adenomatoid tumor were negative for EMA as in malignant mesothelioma, although this tumor was benign. Therefore, it was suggested that loss of EMA in mesothelial tumor was not always related to anaplastic change.
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PMID:[Immunohistochemical analysis of adenomatoid tumor of the uterine corpus--comparison with mesothelioma]. 172 60

A case of myxoid leiomyosarcoma of the stomach which developed in a 53-year-old man is reported. The tumor was localized mainly in the greater omentum and was directly connected to the muscle layer of the stomach. No direct invasion to adjacent organs, peritoneal disseminations or distant metastases were noted. Histologically, the tumor prominently comprised a myxomatous lesion with a cellular area portion. The tumor cells had a bipolar or multipolar shape with oval or elongated nuclei, and were scattered in the myxoid stroma which was rich in hyaluronic acid. The cellular area showed a fascicular tumor cell arrangement and also contained pleomorphic tumor cells with abundant mitoses. Immunohistochemically, the tumor cells were positive to vimentin and weakly positive to desmin. Ultrastructurally, pinocytotic vesicles and cytoplasmic microfilaments with focal densities were found in the tumor cells. It is considered important to differentiate between the diagnosis of myxoid leiomyosarcoma and that of any other myxoid malignant tumor.
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PMID:Myxoid leiomyosarcoma of the stomach: a case report. 180 49

Alteration of cell-associated heparan sulfate proteoglycan (HSPG) under tumor-bearing conditions was evaluated using microsomal membranes prepared from the liver of ascites Tawa sarcoma-bearing and age-matched control rats. Cell-associated HSPGs have been fractionated into two populations displaying different modes of membrane association; one is a NaCl-soluble HSPG and the other is recovered only after detergent treatment of the membranes. The former is thought to represent HSPG from the peripheral membrane and the latter, HSPG from the intercalated membrane. We extracted the cell-associated HSPGs from liver microsomal membranes with a NaCl solution followed by a deoxycholate (DCA) solution. Both were isolated by gel filtration and cetylpyridinium chloride precipitation. Glycosaminoglycans (GAGs) were isolated from the tumor cells and tumorous ascitic fluids by standard procedures. Using electrophoresis on a cellulose acetate membrane, it was confirmed that the cell-associated HSPGs contained no GAG chains other than HS, and that these HSPGs did not include PGs from tumor cells since hyaluronic acid predominates in tumor cells while chondroitin sulfate is present in ascitic fluids. The HSPG extracted with the DCA solution was markedly reduced under tumor-bearing conditions, with slight increase in the NaCl-soluble HSPG. The results suggests that this condition strongly influences the type of cell-associated HSPG related to the intracellular cytoskeleton.
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PMID:Alteration of cell-associated heparan sulfate proteoglycan in tumor-bearing rats. 181 58

The clinical and pathological features of five personally observed ovarian myxomas and three similar tumors previously described in the literature are analyzed. The patients' ages ranged from 16 to 45 years (mean, 33 years). An asymptomatic unilateral adnexal mass was the usual presentation. The tumors were 5 to 22 cm (mean, 11 cm) in greatest diameter, intraovarian, solid, and cystic, and they were occasionally blood-filled. None had ruptured. The intercellular matrix contained abundant hyaluronic acid in each of the five personally observed cases. The tumor cells were immunoreactive for vimentin and usually for actin, but not for desmin, S100-protein, neuron-specific enolase, neurofilament, Leu-7, epithelial membrane antigen, keratin (AE1/3, CAM5.2, MAK6), or factor VIII-related antigen, and did not bind Ulex europaeus agglutinin 1. Vascularity was a notable feature on microscopic examination. All the patients were treated by a surgical procedure alone, usually a conservative operation, and none of the five tumors with a follow-up period of 1 to 13 years (mean, 5 years) recurred. The ovarian myxoma is a distinctive type of ovarian neoplasm that should be distinguished from massive edema, edematous fibroma, and myxoid sarcomas.
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PMID:Ovarian myxoma: clinicopathologic and immunocytologic analysis of five cases and a review of the literature. 203 67

Cardiac myxoma is the most common primary tumor of the heart. This tumor has a gelatinous stroma that is thought to be composed of glycosaminoglycans, the classical acid mucopolysaccharide ground substance. We examined both biochemically and histologically the hyaluronic acid in a case of cardiac myxoma using a newly developed hyaluronic acid-binding protein probe. We observed that hyaluronic acid was localized in the amorphous stroma and occurred at levels 30 times that found in normal atrial septum.
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PMID:Hyaluronic acid in a cardiac myxoma: a biochemical and histological analysis. 203 57

Biosynthesis of glycosaminoglycans (GAGs) was studied in morphologically normal colonic mucosa, in peritumoral and tumoral areas, and in colorectal polyps of tumor-bearing patients. After GAG purification, overall biosynthesis was determined: the general trend was a decrease in GAG production in neoplastic colon, lowest GAG synthesis being observed in Dukes' stage C tumors. Separation by ion-exchange chromatography of various GAG species and further characterization revealed the presence of hyaluronic acid (HA) and heparan sulfate (HS) molecules in all specimens studied. Chondroitin-4 sulfate (CS4) was occasionally found in tumor samples. The relative proportion of HA and HS was modified in tumor tissue: i.e. increased HA and decreased HS were observed. Differences in DEAE-chromatographic behavior were obvious in pathological samples as compared to controls, the hydrodynamic form of HA and the charge density of HS being decreased. The latter could be attributed to undersulfatation of HS molecules. Immunocytochemical detection of HS proteoglycan molecules revealed regular and bright labelling at epithelial-stromal interface in control samples. In pathological samples, staining was patchy and discontinuous, showing large areas of basement membrane interruption.
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PMID:Changes in glycosaminoglycan synthesis and in heparan sulfate deposition in human colorectal adenocarcinomas. 214 97

An 80-year-old man was evaluated for an epibulbar tumor on a phthisical eye. The initial biopsy diagnosis of the epibulbar tumor was poorly differentiated neoplasm. Exenteration of the phthisical eye and orbital contents showed an extensive pleomorphic adenocarcinoma of the nonpigmented epithelium of the ciliary body with extraocular extension. There was evidence of hyaluronic acid secretion and immunohistochemical staining was strong for vimentin, focal for epithelial membrane antigen and S-100 protein, and weak for neuron-specific-enolase. Electron microscopy demonstrated desmosomes between tumor cells, areas of thick, multilaminar basement membrane production surrounding individual tumor cells, and occasional intracytoplasmic intermediate filaments.
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PMID:Pleomorphic adenocarcinoma of the ciliary body. Immunohistochemical and electron microscopic features. 219 90

An autopsy case of aortic sarcoma which was located in the intima of the abdominal aorta and characterized by abundant extracellular myxoid substances was examined. Histological, immunohistochemical and ultrastructural studies revealed no characteristics suggestive of endothelial, leiomyogenic or histiocytic differentiation. Histochemical and biochemical analyses revealed that the myxoid substances were glycosaminoglycans (GAGs) consisting of hyaluronic acid (85% of the total GAG) and chondroitin sulfate proteoglycan (15% of the total GAG). Neither heparan sulfate proteoglycan nor dermatan sulfate proteoglycan was detected. In the aorta, GAGs are synthesized mainly by arterial smooth muscle cells and endothelial cells. Among these cells, the arterial smooth muscle cell is the principal cell type that synthesizes aortic GAGs, predominantly chondroitin sulfate proteoglycan, whereas the endothelial cell synthesizes small amounts of GAGs, predominantly heparan sulfate proteoglycan. Therefore, the results of this study suggest that the tumor cells of the present case have a property similar to arterial smooth muscle cells in terms of GAG synthesis, and that the tumor originated most probably from arterial smooth muscle cells.
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PMID:Characterization of myxoid substance of human aortic sarcoma. 222 Apr


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