Gene/Protein Disease Symptom Drug Enzyme Compound
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Query: UMLS:C0027651 (tumor)
 685,946 document(s) hit in 31,850,051 MEDLINE articles (0.00 seconds)

Inhibin immunoreactivity was estimated in a number of gonadal and non-gonadal tumors. Dog Sertoli cell tumors and human granulosa cell and Leydig cell tumors contained high concentrations of inhibin-like material. Levels, comparable with those in normal testes and ovaries were detected in human testicular non-seminomas and in ovarian cystadenomas, thecomas and adenofibromas. No activity was found in human testicular Sertoli/Leydig cell tumors and seminomas and in ovarian adenocarcinomas, teratomas and a dysgerminoma. Furthermore, human adrenal cortical tissue (tumor and hyperplastic adrenal) contained inhibin immunoreactivity. No activity was found in human tumors of the stomach, gut, liver, kidney, pancreas and mammary gland or in meningiomas. It is concluded that inhibin is not a good marker for specific gonadal tumors. Inhibin might have intratumor actions as a growth or differentiation factor.
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PMID:Inhibin immunoreactivity in gonadal and non-gonadal tumors. 228 98

Previous studies of the relationship between dietary fat and breast cancer have produced conflicting results and have provided no definitive evidence of a mechanistic link between fat and breast tumorigenesis. We conducted a study to compare postprandial levels of prolactin (Prl), a hormone suspected of promoting the growth of some human breast cancer, and several gut hormones, i.e., gastrin (Gs), vasoactive intestinal polypeptide (VIP), neurotensin (Nt), and cholecystokinin (CCK), following high- and low-fat isocaloric test meals. Data were obtained in the posttreatment period from 13 patients with breast cancer (nine stage I and four stage II), who were disease free clinically, and nine healthy controls. Subjects admitted to the research unit on 2 days were given the high-fat meal on day 1 and the low-fat meal on day 2. Blood samples were drawn before (i.e., fasting) and after test meal consumption. All hormone analyses were performed by radioimmunoassay. Results indicated a significant rise in postprandial Prl levels for stage II patients, but not for stage I patients or the controls. Postprandial Gs levels were also elevated, whereas VIP levels were markedly reduced in patients versus controls; these differences were most marked in stage II patients. No significant intergroup differences were noted in postprandial levels of Nt and CCK. Hormone levels of patients and controls did not differ between the test meal situations, which indicated that some other component of the test meals might have been responsible for altered Prl and Gs levels. The differences observed between the stage I and II patients indicated that diet may influence the aggressiveness of tumor behavior and development through alterations in postprandial hormone release.
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PMID:Postprandial levels of prolactin and gut hormones in breast cancer patients: association with stage of disease, but not dietary fat. 235 41

A human Burkitt lymphoma (Daudi) has been grown in the mutant mouse called C.B-17 SCID. Twenty-eight days after s.c. injection of Daudi cells, a palpable tumor grew only at the site of injection in all injected mice. In contrast, after intravenous (i.v.) or intraperitoneal (i.p.) injection, macroscopic, disseminated tumors developed. Following i.v. inoculation, tumors grew in the lungs, kidneys, ovaries and adipose tissue, and microscopic tumor infiltrates were observed in the spleen, bone marrow, spinal column and femur, whereas after i.p. injection, the tumors were localized in the abdomen, liver, spleen, ovaries and muscular tunics of the gut, but did not disseminate into the lung or bone marrow. The growth pattern and phenotype of the Daudi cells were similar whether the inoculated tumor cells were derived from the in vitro cell line or from in vivo passaged tumors. The survival time of the tumor-bearing animals was dependent on the dose of i.v.-administered Daudi cells; as few as 100 cells caused death. All mice injected i.v. showed paresis or paralysis of the hind legs just prior to death. This was associated with the presence of neoplastic nodules within the spinal canal. Two surface antigens on Daudi cells (CD19 and CD22) were stably expressed in all the neoplastic lesions. Radiolabelled anti-CD22 antibodies localized in organs infiltrated with tumor, but did not penetrate primary s.c. tumors. This model of disseminated vs. solid tumor should prove useful for evaluating the efficacy of different types and doses of therapeutic antibodies, immunoconjugates and immunotoxins prepared from anti-human B-cell antibodies.
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PMID:Disseminated or localized growth of a human B-cell tumor (Daudi) in SCID mice. 230 38

Chromogranin A (Cg A) is a protein that is coreleased with peptide hormones from gut endocrine cells and tumors. Plasma levels of Cg A, pepsinogen group I, and gastrin were measured in 31 patients with gastrinoma. Mean Cg A level in 10 patients with gastrinoma who were not operated on was 169 +/- 32 ng/mL, while in 9 control patients it was 28 +/- 5 ng/mL. In 18 patients with gastrinoma with residual tumor after total gastrectomy, the mean Cg A level was 45 +/- 6 ng/mL, and in 10 patients with normal gastrin levels after total gastrectomy and tumor excision, the mean Cg A level was 40 +/- 4 ng/mL. In 7 patients in whom pregastrectomy and postgastrectomy Cg A levels were measured, the mean reduction was 94 +/- 27 ng/mL, or 66%. There was no correlation between Cg A levels and amount of tumor, presence of metastases, or multiple endocrine neoplasia type I syndrome. There was a significant correlation between Cg A and pepsinogen I levels but no correlation between Cg A and gastrin levels. The results suggest that the elevated plasma Cg A levels in patients with gastrinoma are determined primarily by the trophic effects of gastrin on gastric enterochromaffinlike cells rather than by corelease from the gastrin-producing tumor itself.
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PMID:Source of plasma chromogranin A elevation in gastrinoma patients. 232 9

We examined whether the Streptococcal preparation OK-432, an immunopotentiating agent, increases immunocompetence of the gut-associated lymphoid system (GALS), inhibits gastrointestinal carcinogenesis, and has an anti-tumor effect. 14C-labelled OK-432 was orally and intraperitoneally administered to rats, and the distribution of the agent in various organs then serially evaluated. The concentration of OK-432 in Peyer's patches and mesenteric lymph nodes was higher after oral administration than after intraperitoneal administration, and showed a biphasic pattern peaking at 30 minutes and 5 hours following administration, in the Peyer's patches. With regard to immunocompetence, PHA- and PWM-stimulated blastogenesis of lymphocytes derived from the mesenteric lymph nodes and peripheral blood enhanced, and the helper/suppressor T-cell ratio was elevated after the oral administration of OK-432. Moreover, chemotactic activity of peritoneal macrophages was also increased. ENNG-induced gastrointestinal carcinogenesis was observed in 60 per cent of the rats orally administered OK-432 as compared with 88 per cent of the controls. The 13-month survival rate of the rats with gastrointestinal cancer was 50 per cent in those administered OK-432 as compared with 25 per cent in those administered OK-432 as compared with 25 per cent in the controls. When administered orally, the agent prevented reduction in immuno-competence in the course of carcinogenesis, suppressed carcinogenesis, and prolonged the survival of animals with cancer without any of the side effects associated with injection. The oral administration of OK-432 is thus considered to be an effective non-specific immunotherapy against gastro-intestinal malignancies.
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PMID:Anti-tumor effects of the oral administration of the streptococcal preparation OK-432 (PICIBANIL)--the inhibition of carcinogenesis and growth in rats with ENNG-induced gastrointestinal tumors. 235 8

Three monoclonal IgG 2a antibodies were produced after immunization of mice with dispersed cells from a human mid-gut carcinoid tumor. Acetone-fixed cryosections of 57 primary and metastatic mid-gut carcinoid tumors as well as 2 hind-gut (rectal) carcinoids showed a conspicuous immunoreaction while a thymic carcinoid was essentially unstained with the antibodies. The 3 antibodies yielded a similar pattern of immunostaining. The immunoreaction comprised more than 95% of the carcinoid tumor cells, and it was more uniform and intense in primary tumors than in mesenteric, hepatic, and ovarian metastases of the mid-gut carcinoid tumors. Immunofluorescence studies on suspended carcinoid tumor cells showed that the antibodies bound to the surface membrane of the cells. The antibodies immunostained enterocytes of the small and large bowel, intestinal metaplasia of the stomach mucosa as well as colorectal adenocarcinomas. Endocrine pancreatic tumors producing vasoactive intestinal polypeptide, gastrin, somatostatin, and/or pancreatic polypeptide as well as the epithelium of pancreatic ducts were also stained with the antibodies, whereas a large number of other normal and abnormal human tissues, including benign and malignant insulinomas, were unreactive. The findings indicate that the antibodies recognize differentiation antigens on the carcinoid tumor cell surface preserved also on endocrine and nonendocrine cells of the normal bowel mucosa. The restricted tissue reactivity of the antibodies suggests that they may constitute useful tools in the histological characterization of carcinoid tumors. Further studies may reveal if they are applicable for immunolocalization and perhaps even immunotherapy of these neoplasms.
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PMID:Monoclonal antibodies raised against mid-gut carcinoid tumor cells. 236 42

Transthyretin (TTR) cDNA probes were used to determine the presence of TTR mRNA in Northern blots from rat, porcine, and human organs as well as from human endocrine tumors. We also used in vitro translation in our study of the human tissues. In accordance with previous findings, TTR mRNA was found in the choroid plexus and, to a lesser extent, in the liver of all three species. In addition low levels of TTR mRNA were identified in the rat and human pancreas. All of the endocrine pancreatic tumors (two glucagonomas, two insulinomas, and one nonfunctional tumor) and the gut carcinoid also contained TTR mRNA, whereas other endocrine tumors (two pheochromocytomas and one paraganglioma) and one adenocarcinoma of the pancreas were TTR mRNA negative. The level of TTR mRNA expression in most of the endocrine pancreatic tumors exceeded that in the liver. The in vitro translations produced pre-TTR molecules of similar size for all TTR mRNA-positive human organs and tumors.
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PMID:Transthyretin messenger ribonucleic acid expression in the pancreas and in endocrine tumors of the pancreas and gut. 240 17

The use of radiolabeled antibodies for tumor detection and therapy has provided some striking successes despite unfavorable tumor-to-normal tissue radioactivity ratios due, in part, to the accumulation of the label in normal tissues. One approach, which has been and is still under consideration to reduce unwanted background levels, is the improvement of ways in which radiolabels are attached to antibody, especially with the goal of increasing in vivo stability. Although these improvements have occurred throughout the history of this field, important developments have recently been reported in the labeling of antibodies with three radiolabels, namely radioiodine, 111In, and 99mTc. Thus, antibodies may now be labeled with radioisotopes of iodine in ways that minimize the extent of in vivo dehalogenation leading to thyroid, stomach, and gut radioactivity uptake. Newer and stronger chelates for 111In have been developed in the hope that their use would result in lower radioactivity levels in the liver. Finally, newer methods, both direct and indirect, for the attachment of 99mTc to antibodies have been developed and are now being clinically tested. Although these developments have taken place only recently and the in vivo behavior of labels attached in these ways have not yet been fully characterized, it is possible to make tentative conclusions regarding their impact. Thus, the use of stably radioiodinated antibodies appears to have resulted in modest improvements in patient images. In contrast, the use of stable chelates for labeling antibodies with 111In may have had no appreciable effect on liver radioactivity levels. The use of antibodies radiolabeled with 99mTc, especially via the newer direct labeling methods, are providing superior images in patients with low radioactivity levels in organs such as liver. However, it must still be established whether the short physical half-life of 99mTc lowers sensitivities and specificities of detection relative to other labels.
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PMID:Recent developments in the radiolabeling of antibodies with iodine, indium, and technetium. 240 43

The results of 42 cases of arterial embolisation in patients with hepatic metastases are reported. In two-thirds of the cases the primary tumor was found in the gut. In eight cases endocrine tumor dissemination was incriminated. Arterial occlusion called for use of various inert substances (e.g. Spongel, Duremere) or cyanoacrylate, but in this instance chemical embolisation was excluded. The antalgic effect of embolisation (72 percent success rate) and antipyretic effect on persistent fever (60 percent success rate) constituted the usual indications. Metastases of secreting tumors are verily more rare, nevertheless they are indubitably a major indication for embolisation, since good results are achieved concerning inopportune secretions and repeat embolisations possible are a super advantage. The good symptomatic results of embolisation must incite its consideration in unoperable but nonterminal cases whose medical therapy is no longer or simply not effective.
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PMID:[Embolization of hepatic metastases]. 240 49

The diagnosis of multiple endocrine neoplasia (MEN) in patients with presumed hyperparathyroidism has important ramifications for patient management especially since as many as 20% of patients with hyperparathyroidism may have associated MEN. Gut hormone levels were measured before and after surgery in 28 patients who underwent resection of a single parathyroid adenoma for biochemical or clinical evidence of hyperparathyroidism. The mean serum calcium level was 11.9 +/- 0.2 mg/dl before surgery and 9.3 +/- 0.3 mg/dl after surgery (p less than 0.001). Two or more hormone levels were elevated in 32% of patients before surgery and 21% after surgery. The same hormone abnormalities (pancreatic polypeptide [PP] and gastrin) occurred 56% of the time. Of elevated preoperative levels of PP, 91% were in the normal range after surgery. In patients with elevated preoperative PP levels, the postoperative level of PP decreased by an average of 64% of the preoperative level. In 27% of patients the level increased more than double the preoperative value. In two of four patients with high levels of PP after surgery the serum calcium level failed to fall. Of 18 patients whose PP levels fell, 17 had a fall in serum calcium levels. Of six patients whose PP levels rose, four had a significant fall in calcium levels. There was no correlation between the absolute levels or the decremental change of calcium and the change in PP. Several abnormalities in gut hormone secretion occur in patients with primary hyperparathyroidism and a parathyroid adenoma. An elevated serum level of PP does not signify MEN syndrome and must be reevaluated after resection of the parathyroid adenoma. Failure of adequate tumor resection is attended by persistent elevation of serum calcium and PP levels.
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PMID:Hyperparathyroidism and gastroenteropancreatic hormone levels. 241 70


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