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Query: UMLS:C0027651 (tumor)
 685,946 document(s) hit in 31,850,051 MEDLINE articles (0.00 seconds)

The structural and functional information obtained from CT performed during quiet breathing and phonation of the letter E was investigated in 25 patients with carcinoma of the larynx or pyriform sinus. Significant additional information was obtained from the phonation scans in all patients. In 16 patients, vocal cord dysfunction was found on the phonation scans. In 14 patients, phonation CT demonstrated an abnormal aryepiglottic fold better than CT during quiet breathing. A pyriform sinus was distorted or displaced in 11 patients and CT during phonation was more accurate than laryngoscopy or CT during quiet breathing in detecting abnormalities deep to this region. CT scans were the most accurate method of detecting tumor extension into the subglottic space, and into the preepiglottic space; each extension was seen in seven patients. Thyroid cartilage destruction was detected only by CT in six patients. CT scans during phonation should be an integral part of laryngeal CT and in conjunction with laryngoscopy could possibly replace laryngography for the evaluation of patients with laryngeal carcinoma.
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PMID:CT in carcinoma of the larynx and pyriform sinus: value of phonation scans. 678 Dec 98

Pituitary tumors producing FSH have hitherto been reported only in males, all of whom have had normal or raised LH levels in serum. This report describes a female with a pituitary adenoma associated with supranormal serum levels of FSH. The FSH was also qualitatively abnormal when compared with FSH in the serum of other postmenopausal women, had a lower apparent molecular weight on gel chromatography, and was less negatively charged, as shown by electrophoresis. The results of LRH tests and suppression tests with ethinyl estradiol indicated autonomy of the FSH-producing adenoma. The FSH level increased concomitant with tumor enlargement and decreased after surgical removal of the pituitary adenoma or pituitary irradiation. The serum level of the glycoprotein alpha-subunit was raised about 100-fold. Any free FSH beta-subunits were not detectable in serum. The abnormal FSH had antigenic sites in common with both the alpha- and beta-subunits of FSH. The LH level was extremely low, and there was no response to LRH tests or ethinyl estradiol treatment. After gel chromatography, a small amount of LH, corresponding to 1/50th of the average for the patient's age, was detected at the position for normal LH. There was no GH response to insulin-induced hypoglycemia, while the cortisol increase was normal. Thyroid and adrenal functions were normal. The PRL level was within the normal range and increased slightly after estrogen treatment.
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PMID:Hypersecretion of an abnormal form of follicle-stimulating hormone associated with suppressed luteinizing hormone secretion in a woman with a pituitary adenoma. 679 14

Thyroid tissue from 90 patients with a history of therapeutic irradiation to the head and neck in childhood and adolescence was examined microscopically. In addition to the well-known observation that these individuals have an increased incidence of primary thyroid carcinoma, it was also demonstrated that they have an increased incidence of benign histologic changes. These changes represent a spectrum from nonspecific hyperplastic lesions to benign neoplasia and thyroiditis.
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PMID:Histologic changes in previously irradiated thyroid glands. 689 97

Papillary and follicular thyroid cancers ordinarily have an excellent prognosis and are associated with little or no mortality in the majority of patients. However, in others these tumors may become metastatic or extensively invasive and can result in mortality. Patients over the age of 40 characteristically have a less favorable prognosis, with tumors portending a less favorable outcome and a need for more aggressive therapy. Papillary cancers that are large (greater than 1.5 cm), bilateral, metastatic, or locally invasive, and most follicular cancers should be treated with total or near-total thyroidectomy followed by total ablation of remaining tissue that concentrates 131I. In most instances lymph nodes should be simply excised. Thyroid suppression of TSH should always be done. Survival is usually excellent except when the tumor is locally invasive or is metastatic to a distant site. In these instances mortality is substantially reduced if the tumor concentrates 131I and residual tumor can be completely ablated by 131I.
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PMID:Papillary and follicular thyroid cancer: selective therapy. 701 24

Thyroid tissue specimens from 27 patients with thyroid tumors were examined for thyroxine (T4) and triiodothyronine (T3) by the peroxidase-labeled antibody method. The result revealed localization of T4 in 12 of the 14 follicular adenomas, in all the 8 papillary carcinomas and in 1 of the 3 follicular carcinomas studied, and of T3 in 13 of the 14 follicular adenomas, in all the 8 papillary carcinomas and in all the 3 follicular carcinomas. In the tumor tissue, the thyroid hormones were demonstrated in the colloid substance, on the luminal surface of tumor cells and in their cytoplasm. Compared with nontumorous thyroid tissue, the tumor tissue showed localization of the hormones predominantly in the cytoplasm and to a lesser extent in the colloid substance, with conspicuous variations in tissue distribution of positive areas and intensity of staining. This tendency was more marked in thyroid carcinomas. The demonstration of T4 and T3 in routine histological paraffin sections of formalin-fixed thyroid tissues in this investigation indicates potential usefulness of thyroid hormone detection by the peroxidase-labeled antibody technique. It is an effective diagnostic tool for evaluating the functional activity of the thyroid tumors as well as for determining whether a malignant growth under examination originates from the thyroid.
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PMID:Production of thyroxine (T4) and triiodothyronine (T3) in nontoxic thyroid tumors. An immunohistochemical study. 702 37

Mouse pituitary thyrotropic tumor minces were labeled with [35S]methionine and fractionated into rough microsomes, intermediate, and low density smooth microsomes. Thyroid-stimulating hormone subunits were mainly in rough microsomes after a 10-min pulse, but with increasing chase times the proportion in smooth microsomes increased. In rough microsomes, small amounts of an alpha subunit precursor of Mr = 11,000 and larger amounts of an alpha form of Mr = 18,000 were rapidly processed to a form of Mr = 21,000, while small amounts of a beta-subunit precursor of M r = 11,000 were processed to a form of Mr = 18,000. Most of the Mr = 18,000 and Mr = 21,000 subunit forms were converted by endoglycosidase H to forms of Mr = 11,000 to 12,000. Small amounts of endoglycosidase H-resistant forms appeared in low density smooth microsomes after a 30-min chase. Subunit combination was not detected at 10 min; combination was first detected at 20 min and increased progressively to a maximum of 61% of beta in the low density smooth microsomes at 60 min of chase. Although alpha of Mr = 11,000 and 18,000, and beta of Mr - 11,000, were not detected in thyroid-stimulating hormone, both endoglycosidase H-sensitive and -resistant alpha subunit of Mr = 21,000 and beta subunit of Mr = 18,000 were found combined. Thus, the rough endoplasmic reticulum (ER) contains only small amounts of nonglycosylated subunits (Mr = 11,000). The major subunit precursors contain one high mannose oligosaccharide (Mr = 18,000), with a second unit being added onto alpha in the rough ER. Combination of alpha (Mr = 21,000) with beta (Mr = 18,000) begins in the rough ER but occurs predominantly in the smooth ER/Golgi. Oligosaccharides of both combined and uncombined subunits are processed from high mannose to complex forms predominantly in the smooth ER/Golgi.
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PMID:Thyroid-stimulating hormone subunit processing and combination in microsomal subfractions of mouse pituitary tumor. 708 97

From 1974 to 1980, we studied six patients, five treated for Hodgkin's disease and one for a hemangioma, in whom thyroid nodules developed after high-dose (2,500 to 4,000 rad) thyroid radiation. Fine-needle aspiration cytology of the thyroid in five cases showed moderate to severe cellular atypia in four (three of whom had elevated serum thyrotropin levels) and mild atypia in one (who was overtly hypothyroid). In the four with marked atypia, surgical pathology disclosed Hashimoto's thyroiditis in one, diffuse hyperplasia and epithelial atypia in two, and a sclerosing papillary carcinoma in one. Among five patients who had total thyroidectomy, three had carcinoma (microscopic papillary, papillary-follicular, or sclerosing papillary) in addition to one or more follicular adenomas or colloid nodules. Thyroid nodules and neoplasia may be more common than previously appreciated in patients exposed to high-dose radiation.
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PMID:Thyroid nodules after high-dose external radiotherapy. Fine-needle aspiration cytology in diagnosis and management. 708 60

A 50-year-old man, suffering from a large pituitary adenoma and panhypopituitarism, was found to have severely elevated thyrotrophin (thyroid-stimulating hormone [TSH]) levels (greater than 20.2 microunits/mL). The thyroxine (T4) level was low (less than 3.0 micrograms/dL). Thyroid sodium iodide I 131 uptake was low (5% at 24 hours). A TSH test result was normal, with a 24-hour 131I uptake of 52% and a normal-looking thyroid gland on scintiscan. After surgical removal of the pituitary chromphobe adenoma, T4 levels returned to normal (6.8 micrograms/dL) and TSH levels improved substantially (9.0 microunits/mL). Findings from repeated 131I uptake tests were normal (22% at 24 hours). Other pituitary functions improved also. These results suggest that the patient had biologically inactive TSH produced by the tumor. Removal of the tumor probably enabled recovery of the active TSH with the return of normal thyroid uptake and T4 production. Whenever hypothyroidism and high levels of TSH coexist with pituitary dysfunction, a TSH test is needed to distinguish between primary hypothyroidism and hypothyroidism secondary to biologic inactive TSH.
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PMID:Hypothyroidism secondary to biologically inactive thyroid-stimulating hormone secretion by a pituitary chromophobe adenoma: recovery after removal of the tumor. 710 37

Teratomas of the cervical area are relatively rare tumors--only 132 cases have been reported. This paper adds two more cases to the literature and reviews the important clinical aspects of the disease. This tumor commonly presents in early infancy with increasing respiratory distress; polyhydramnios is commonly associated with tumors greater than 10 cm in diameter. They are always benign in infants and are believed to arise from the thyroid gland. Prompt surgical removal is mandatory. Thyroid function studies should be initiated preoperatively, if feasible, and definitely postoperatively to avoid the possible complication of hypothyroidism in the young infant.
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PMID:Teratoma of thyroid gland in infancy: review of the literature and two case reports. 713 62

A retrospective review of 143 patients with head or neck tumors who had received radiation therapy in the head and neck area for benign conditions during childhood or adolescence was conducted. This included an analysis of 1,080 patients from the Evanston Hospital Irradiated Thyroid Evaluation Clinic, which was established to define the relationship between irradiation and the subsequent development of thyroid neoplasia. The data support the following concepts of irradiation-induced neoplasia: (1) The thyroid, parathyroid, and salivary glands can develop benign and malignant changes after irradiation for benign conditions, with latent periods averaging about 30 years; (2) Once a glandular abnormality within the irradiated field appears, the risk of other glands in the field developing neoplastic changes is significantly increased.
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PMID:Head and neck neoplasia following irradiation for benign conditions. 730 31


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