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Query: UMLS:C0027651 (tumor)
 685,946 document(s) hit in 31,850,051 MEDLINE articles (0.00 seconds)

Thyroid tumors were diagnosed in 26 dogs between 1977 and 1984. A total of 23 of the 26 tumors were carcinomas, and 3, detected as incidental findings at necropsy, were adenomas. The median patient age was 9.5 years. Dogs of the Beagle breed were affected most commonly (5 dogs). The most common physical abnormalities in carcinoma patients were cervical swelling, dyspnea, and coughing. A total of 25 of 26 dogs were clinically euthyroid. Aspiration cytology provided diagnostic information in 8 of 17 cases. In dogs with thyroid carcinoma, a cervical soft tissue lesion was identified consistently by use of radiography and scintigraphy with sodium pertechnetate. Pulmonary metastases were detected radiographically in 8 of 21 dogs with thyroid carcinoma. Thoracic nuclear imaging confirmed the radiographic findings in 11 of 14 dogs. Surgical excision of the thyroid mass was the primary treatment for 17 dogs with carcinoma. Eight dogs died within 2 years (median, 7 months) of surgery because of primary tumor regrowth or metastases. Four dogs were alive at a range of 3 to 48 months after surgery, and 4 dogs died from unrelated causes. Necropsy of 7 dogs with thyroid carcinoma revealed neoplastic infiltration of the cervical blood vessels and pulmonary metastases in each dog. The most common histologic patterns of thyroid carcinoma were solid or compact cellular (11 dogs) and mixed solid-follicular tumors (8 dogs). Dogs with a solid carcinoma had a median survival time of 10.5 months (6 dogs), and dogs with a mixed solid-follicular tumor had a median survival time of 8 months (3 dogs).
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PMID:Clinical and pathologic features of thyroid tumors in 26 dogs. 301 18

The results of experimental clinical and epidemiological studies published so far from 1896 until today on the connection between thyroid and breast diseases doubtless require critical examination, since these results are highly contradictory. Without being able to go into details of the sources of methodological errors and the highly heterogenous investigation material, two pathophysiological mechanisms can be discussed in the investigation of the interrelationship between the thyroid and the breast: 1. A low level of thyroid hormone might make the breast hypersensitive to prolactin, which might induce dysplasia or neoplasia of the mammary epithelium. In addition, there is the almost identical neurohumoral regulation of the hormones of the thyrotropic and lactotropic cells in the anterior pituitary. 2. Thyroid hormones have an effect on peripheral androgenic and estrogenic metabolism. The hyperthyroid state may cause an increase in the concentration of sex hormone-binding globulins, which might give rise to an alteration of the beneficial effect of sex hormones on the cellular levels. Compared to this, the iodine deficit might lead to neoplastic transformation of the mammary epithelium via the enhanced gonadotropin stimulation and the subsequent chronic hyperestrogenism. For better understanding of the always topical problem of the not yet completely elucidated correlation between thyroid function and breast diseases, a two-track procedure is appropriate: 1. Thyroid receptor assay on animal and human breast tumor tissue and 2. prospective clinical studies on a large scale.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)
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PMID:[The thyroid gland and the breast]. 305 55

Thyroid nodules are infrequently encountered in children. During the era of low-dose therapeutic irradiation, the incidence of malignancy in these lesions was 40% to 70%. Recent studies suggest that this incidence is declining, resulting in a concomitant relative increase in the proportion of benign nodular conditions. There is also a heightened awareness that secondary thyroid neoplasms may occur in children surviving primary malignant diseases. Records of 38 children treated surgically at Texas Children's Hospital between 1972 and 1984 have been reviewed to determine the incidence of benign vs. malignant pathosis and to study the role of prior irradiation or chemotherapy in the pathogenesis of thyroid disease. Benign conditions were diagnosed in 27 children (71%), with diffuse hyperplasia (10 children, 26%) and follicular adenoma (8 children, 21%) occurring most frequently. Thyroid carcinoma was diagnosed in the remaining 11 children (29%). All of these patients were euthyroid at presentation, none had received multimodal therapy for a prior malignant condition, and only one had a history of head and neck irradiation in infancy for a treatment of a benign condition (a congenital hemangioma). The clinical presentation, diagnostic evaluation, and surgical management of these patients are reviewed and closely parallel those of patients in other recently published series. No conclusions can be drawn regarding the development of thyroid neoplasia following multimodal therapy for primary disease; however, this incidence must be very low.
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PMID:Thyroid nodules in children. 310 98

Mass screening for detecting both thyroid and breast cancer in adult women was carried out in Gunma Prefecture, Japan, between 1980 and 1986. The total number of subjects during the seven years was 152,651. The first screening was by inspection and palpation using experienced surgeons. Thyroid abnormalities were found in 5,902 subjects (3.9%) and 3,804 (2.5%) were required to attend a second examination. Thyroid carcinoma was detected in a total of 216 subjects, a detection rate of 0.14%. The detection rate for thyroid cancer was twice as high at the initial screening (0.19%) than that at subsequent periodic screenings (0.09%). Histological classifications of the detected thyroid cancers were: papillary carcinoma, 189 cases (87.5%); follicular carcinoma, 26 (12%); medullary carcinoma, 1 (0.5%). Eighty-seven percent of the thyroid cancers were asymptomatic at the time of screening. The tumor size were 2 cm or less in 126 patients (58.3%). Thyroid cancer detected by mass screening was revealed at an earlier stage and showed a significantly better survival rate compared to that of our usual outpatients. As differentiated carcinoma has been found at a higher incidence by mass screening, the program is useful for the early detection and treatment of thyroid cancer.
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PMID:Evaluation of mass screening for thyroid cancer. 320 79

A rare case of thyroid carcinoma presenting as an orbital tumor is described. The diagnosis was made only through histopathologic examination of tissues removed during craniotomy. Thyroid scan confirmed the diagnosis. Thyroid carcinoma should be suspected in cases of orbital metastasis of unknown origin.
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PMID:Orbital tumor as a presenting symptom of occult carcinoma of the thyroid. 325 64

Sixty euthyroid patients with cystic hypofunctioning thyroid nodules were selected for operation by the criteria of evidence of needle aspiration of cyst fluid with malignant cytologic findings, suspicion of malignancy on the basis of recurrent cyst fluid formation after at least two aspirations, or incomplete decompression after aspiration. Other factors such as size (greater than 3 cm in diameter), history of radiation, and cervical lymphadenopathy were given weight. Radiation exposure occurred in 14% of patients. Surgical pathologic findings revealed malignancy in 32%, adenoma in 43%, and colloid nodule in 25%, with a total neoplasia rate of 75%. The types of malignant tumors included six papillary, six mixed, three follicular, and four Hurthle. Surgical treatment included 26 near total thyroidectomies, 34 partial thyroidectomies, and four neck dissections without major morbidity or deaths. Cytologic false-negative rates were 50% cancer, 50% Hurthle cell 50%, and 60% adenoma, even after nucleopore filtration, emphasizing the value of surgical selection on the basis of cyst response to aspiration. Cytologic false-positive rate in the colloid group was 6% and 25% for false (solid) positive for echography. Bloody fluid occurred in all types of lesions but was more common in the cancer group. Thyroid ultrasonography does not appear to be an important way to assess thyroid nodular disease and has been, in our estimation, superseded by needle aspiration cytology. It should be recognized that cystic thyroid nodules, when selected for operation on the basis of the above mentioned needle biopsy and clinical criteria, have the same frequency of neoplasia and cancer as solid hypofunctioning thyroid nodules. Hence, it is recommended that all cystic lesions of the thyroid gland be assessed in accordance with such criteria to exclude underlying cancer.
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PMID:Pathologic nature of cystic thyroid nodules selected for surgery by needle aspiration biopsy. 353 89

A peculiarity in thyroid cancer in children is discussed in terms of clinical course and pathology. A case report of well differentiated papillary carcinoma of the thyroid gland in a 6-year-old boy is presented, with emphasis on the clinical course and pathology. The clinical course indicated a slowly growing, firm tumor lateral to the superior cornu of the thyroid cartilage, up to the hyoid bone. As treatment of the tumor and its lymph node metastases, a hemithyroidectomy with simple neck dissection was performed. Thyroid hormone was administered for suppression of endogenous thyroid-stimulating hormone postoperatively, and the patient tolerated this therapy well. An review of the literature dealing with the question of whether or not a radical neck dissection is appropriate in thyroid cancer in children was carried out.
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PMID:Thyroidectomy and neck dissection for the carcinoma of the thyroid gland in children. 363 85

An earlier study from our laboratory demonstrated that the incidence of thyroid C cell neoplasia in aging Long-Evans rats was high. When radioactive iodine was administered to 8-week-old Long-Evans rats, this incidence was reduced, although thyroid follicular cell neoplasia was increased. The aim of this study was to determine whether iodine-131 (131I) administered to an aged population of Long-Evans rats with established C cell hyperplasia would have a C cell ablative effect as pronounced as that observed in studies of young rats. For this study, 180 18-month-old Long-Evans rats (90 male and 90 female) were used. Baseline serum calcitonin levels were determined, and control and experimental groups containing equal numbers of animals were designated. 131I was administered by intraperitoneal injection to the experimental group, while equal volumes of saline solution were given to the control group. Blood samples for determination of serum calcitonin levels were obtained at 6-week intervals until the rats were 24 months old. Thyroid glands were then removed, and tissues were fixed, sectioned, and stained with hematoxylin and eosin and with peroxidase-antiperoxidase (PAP) using an anticalcitonin antibody. Examination of thyroid tissues showed that the incidence of C cell neoplasia was significantly reduced in irradiated animals as compared with nonirradiated controls (chi 2 analysis, p less than 0.05). PAP staining demonstrated diminished intracytoplasmic calcitonin in the radiation-treated group. Analysis of serum calcitonin levels over time showed significantly lower levels in the irradiated rat group than in the nonirradiated group (p less than 0.006).
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PMID:Radioiodine sensitivity of parafollicular C cells in aged Long-Evans rats. 368 44

Thyroid tumors may involve the airway. Eight patients with such invasion are reported; five with invasion of the larynx and three of the trachea. The symptoms varied: five of the eight patients had stridor and hemoptysis, one had hoarseness, and two had no symptoms at all. Endoscopic and radiologic examinations were performed in all patients including computed tomography in six. Six patients underwent total thyroidectomy and two patients, one with paraganglioma and one with hemangiopericytoma, had a hemithyroidectomy. Three patients had a total laryngectomy, one a partial laryngectomy and one a laryngofissure procedure. Tracheal resection was performed in two patients and one had laser excision of the endotracheal tumor involvement. Three patients received postoperative external irradiation. Six of the eight patients are alive with follow-up of 39 to 85 months.
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PMID:Thyroid tumors invading the larynx and trachea. 371 48

As model compounds of alpha-hydroxy N-nitrosamines, four alpha-hydroperoxy N-nitrosamines were tested for their carcinogenic potential in F344 rats by i.v. injections. Correlation between chemical structure and carcinogenic potencies with respect to target organs was examined. Compounds used in this study were N-methyl-N-(hydroperoxymethyl)nitrosamine (MHPMN), N-ethyl-N-(1-hydroperoxyethyl)nitrosamine (EHPEN), N-propyl-N-(1-hydroperoxypropyl)nitrosamine (PHPPN) and N-butyl-N-(1-hydroperoxybutyl)nitrosamine (BHPBN). All chemicals were dissolved in distilled water and rats received 10 X 1 weekly i.v. injections of these chemicals (10 X 1 weekly injection of 5 mg/kg of MHPMN or equimolar amounts of other chemicals). Lung tumors were detected in all groups of both sexes and the incidences were 100% in each group. Thyroid tumors were also observed with relatively high incidences in treated groups except BHPBN. In the control group, tumors were observed mainly in the testis or uterus, and only two lung tumors and one thyroid tumor were observed in females. Histologically, all lung tumors in the MHPMN group were adenocarcinomas, squamous cell carcinomas or a mixture of both types. In the EHPEN, PHPPN and BHPBN groups, especially in females, incidences of carcinomas decreased as the length of the alkyl chain of the compounds, and most of lung tumors in females of the PHPPN and BHPBN groups were adenomas. Many of the thyroid tumors observed in the treated groups were follicular adenomas/carcinomas, whereas C-cell adenomas were the most common type of spontaneous thyroid tumors in this strain of rats. These target organs were similar to those of alpha-acetoxy N-nitrosamines reported previously. The results indicate that the carcinogenic activities of these chemicals depend on the length of the alkyl chain and that organ specificity of these chemicals may differ from those of their mother compounds.
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PMID:Carcinogenicity of N-alkyl-N-(1-hydroperoxyalkyl) nitrosamines after intravenous injections in F344 rats. 373 85


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