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Query: UMLS:C0027651 (tumor)
 685,946 document(s) hit in 31,850,051 MEDLINE articles (0.00 seconds)

Thyroid status was evaluated in 265 patients with gastric pathology. The degree of tissue triiodothyronine (T3) deficiency was assessed versus stage and histologic pattern of tumor. Also, it was measured before and after surgery. No correlation was found in gastric cancer patients between T3 concentration, degree of blood--T3 level decrease and tissue T3 deficiency, on the one hand, and stage and histologic pattern of tumor, radical surgery and postoperative treatment, on the other. Said T3 parameters differed significantly in cases of chronic gastritis, gastric ulcer and polyps.
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PMID:[Deficiency of the triiodothyronine pool in patients with stomach cancer]. 270 12

Although clinically evident thyroid carcinoma is not a frequent neoplasm (incidence 2.7 per 100,000 persons in La Plata, Argentina), occult carcinomas are present in a high proportion of the population, but there are marked differences along geographical lines. The purpose of the present study is to establish the prevalence of occult papillary thyroid carcinoma (OPC) in La Plata. Thyroid glands obtained from 100 consecutive adult necropsies were examined. The material was fixed in buffered formaldehyde at 4 degrees C, serially sectioned at 2 mm intervals, and routinely processed. Eleven thyroid glands contained OPC, corresponding in three cases to multiple lesions. Eight carcinomas were found in 59 men (13.6%) and three in 41 women (7.3%). The ages ranged from 26 to 78 years. The neoplasms varied in size from microscopic foci to 9 mm in diameter. The prevalence rate of OPC in the present study is lower than that found in Finland, Japan, and the US, and higher than for the rest of the series recorded.
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PMID:Occult papillary thyroid carcinoma at autopsy in La Plata, Argentina. 273

Despite total thyroidectomy, a patient with metastatic follicular carcinoma of the thyroid remained biologically euthyroid three months after stopping thyroxine (T4) therapy. Thyroid hormone production was investigated by means of a modified tri-iodothyronine (T3) suppression test, in which serum T4 was used as a suppression marker. After three weeks of oral T3 (Cytomel) therapy (50 micrograms/day), the serum T4 decreased from normal (108 nmol/L) to undetectable values. However, even though suppressive therapy was effective in preventing TSH dependent hormone secretion by the tumor, it did not prevent tumor growth and the eventual death of the patient.
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PMID:Suppression of T4 secretion in a metastatic follicular carcinoma. 274 34

18 cases of well-differentiated thyroid carcinoma are described, of which 5 were papillary or mixed carcinomas and 3 were follicular. In 12 of 14 in whom radio-isotope scanning was performed, a cold or indeterminate nodule was found. Fine needle aspiration was positive and concordant with the operative histological findings in half the cases examined. In 4 hemithyroidectomy was performed, and in 14 total thyroidectomy. Thyroid remnants were found on scanning in all of the 14. These remnants were ablated with radioactive iodine (131I). An ablative dose of 30 millicurie was insufficient in almost all cases and a second dose was required. 3 cases with regional spread of the tumor were reoperated, and large ablative doses of 131I(150-170 mCi) were given. In 14 cases clinical remission was achieved. Followup included ultrasonography and total body 131I scans.
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PMID:[Well-differentiated thyroid carcinoma]. 274 44

This study was carried out to investigate the fate of the ultimobranchial contribution to the thyroid in man when the thyroid lobe is not fully descended. Thyroid abnormalities were recorded in 41 of 29,000 autopsies at the London Hospital--a prevalence of 1.41/1000. The 18 major abnormalities included four cases of lingual thyroid, in two of which cystic structures were noted in the neck in the region of the upper parathyroid. Three further cases of lingual thyroid with upper parathyroid cysts were collected from other sources. The multilobulated cystic structures were up to 1.5 cm in diameter and showed a variety of histologic features. In four cases there were glandular nodules of up to 1 mm across lying in the intercystic connective tissue. These nodules showed solid areas of irregularly distributed cells that stained positively for calcitonin and calcitonin gene-related peptide, intermingled with, and sometimes apposed to, follicular structures that showed follicular cells and colloid that stained for thyroglobulin. This study has provided conclusive evidence that the ultimobranchial body contributes both C cells and follicular cells to the thyroid in man, has documented the prevalence of congenital defects of thyroid development, and has described the human ultimobranchial gland as showing a wide developmental potential which may have implications in the histogenesis of thyroid neoplasia.
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PMID:The ultimobranchial gland and congenital thyroid abnormalities in man. 280 89

Thyroid glands from 64 bulls with hyperplastic and/or neoplastic changes in ultimobranchial remnants and in the parafollicular (C) cell system were studied structurally and with immunohistochemical methods. Antibodies against thyroglobulin, calcitonin, somatostatin, and neurotensin were used to detect these substances. Two different types of changes were observed. One change was hyperplasia and neoplasia of the ultimobranchial remnants that affected all their epithelial constituents. These included ultimobranchial follicles, cysts and tubules, as well as solid nests formed by basophilic immature cells which were functionally undifferentiated and unreactive with all the antisera used. Differentiated follicular cells that formed thyroid follicles and cribriform structures with immunohistochemical evidence of thyroglobulin production were also found. In addition, differentiated light and cytoplasm-rich cells were scattered in the walls of the thyroid follicles, ultimobranchial follicles, cysts and tubules as well as in the solid component. They were argyrophilic and reacted with antibodies against calcitonin and somatostatin. The other change was a diffuse or multifocal hyperplasia of the parafollicular (C) cells that was present in other parts of the thyroid parenchyma--sometimes with gradual development of sclerotic tumors that had been exclusively formed by these cells. They corresponded to light cytoplasm-rich cells seen in the ultimobranchial lesions that were argyrophilic and harbored material reactive with antibodies against calcitonin and/or somatostatin. The changes observed in the parafollicular cell system resembled lesions seen in human thyroid glands with the familial variant of medullary carcinoma as well as those reported in thyroid glands of patients with longstanding hypercalcemia.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)
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PMID:Hyperplastic and neoplastic changes in ultimobranchial remnants and in parafollicular (C) cells in bulls: a histologic and immunohistochemical study. 285 34

Medullary carcinoma of the thyroid (MCT) develops from the thyroid C-cells. Thyroid C-cells and MCTs secrete calcitonin (CT), a 32 amino acid polypeptide hormone. The author has described a sensitive direct sequential radioimmunoassay of CT in human serum. The vast majority of healthy subjects had detectable values of serum immunoreactive calcitonin (iCT) and elevated levels were found in patients with MCT. Besides CT, several higher molecular weight substances contribute to CT-immunoreactivity. These substances may represent metabolic products in the processing of a glycosylated procalcitonin to CT. Calcium, several gastrointestinal hormones and ethanol increases CT secretion from normal and neoplastic C-cells, but the physiological regulation of CT secretion has not been firmly established. The author has shown that the levels of serum iCT vary little during day and nighttime. CT acutely reduces bone resorption and, in pharmacological doses, increases urinary electrolyte excretions. A lowering in serum calcium, magnesium and phosphorus levels result but the effect is pronounced only in disease states with a high bone turnover. The physiological role for CT may be preservation of the skeleton at times of increased need for calcium. A causal relationship between postmenopausal osteoporosis and CT deficiency has been proposed. The author has described increased serum 1,25-dihydroxyvitamin D levels and increased trabecular bone remodeling in patients with MCT and normalization of these parameters following surgical cure for MCT. These results were interpreted to indicate that chronic endogenous CT excess directly enhances the renal production of 1,25-dihydroxyvitamin D which, acting synergistically with parathyroid hormone, increases trabecular bone remodeling. Elevated serum iCT is almost invariably found in patients with clinically manifest MCT as well as in several patients with clinically occult MCT. An exaggerated increase in serum iCT levels after provocative testing with pentagastrin and/or calcium can disclose early C-cell neoplasia. Elevated serum iCT may be encountered in non-C-cell neoplasias and in renal insufficiency. Compared to MCT, circulating iCT may show a different immunochemical profile and the response to provocative testing is blunted in these conditions. MCT occurs in a sporadic variety, and in a familial variety as part of two related multiple endocrine neoplasia (MEN) syndromes. MEN IIa consists of MCT and often phaeochromocytomas and/or hyperparathyroidism and invariably exhibits an autosomal dominant mode of inheritance but a variable age of expression.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 400 WORDS)
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PMID:Medullary thyroid carcinoma and calcitonin. 285 45

Current treatment of acromegaly (surgery, radiation, and bromocriptine) is often unsatisfactory, and a sizeable proportion of patients with this disease continue to have GH hypersecretion after all therapeutic modalities have been exhausted. Fifteen patients with active acromegaly (8 previously treated and 7 newly diagnosed) were treated with the long-acting somatostatin analog SMS 201-995 (Sandoz; 50-250 micrograms, sc, every 6-8 h for up to 21 months). The mean daily plasma GH concentration was significantly suppressed in 13 patients, and it became normal in 10. Two patients, however, did not have GH suppression by SMS 201-995 treatment alone; in 1, a significant decline in mean daily GH was achieved after the addition of bromocriptine. As expected, suppression of GH secretion was associated with normalization of plasma somatomedin-C values and significant clinical improvement. Plasma GH responses to synthetic GHRH-(1-44) and TRH were either abolished or blunted by SMS 201-995. Thyroid function remained normal, and glucose tolerance did not change. Significant shrinkage of pituitary tumors occurred in 7 previously untreated and 2 previously treated patients. Side-effects were minimal. SMS 201-995 is an effective agent for the treatment of acromegaly. Further studies are necessary to establish guidelines for identification of non-responders and to examine the effect of preoperative tumor shrinkage on subsequent surgical outcome.
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PMID:Treatment of acromegaly with the long-acting somatostatin analog SMS 201-995. 289 20

Radioactive iodine (131I) was used in the treatment of a 12-year-old female dog with hyperthyroidism resulting from a large, unresectable (and metastatic) thyroid carcinoma associated with signs of severe inspiratory stridor and dyspnea. Hyperthyroidism was diagnosed on the basis of clinical signs (polyuria, polydipsia, polyphagia, weight loss, nervousness) and high basal serum thyroxine (T4) concentrations, as well as thyroid radioiodine kinetic studies that showed a high radioiodine uptake into the thyroid (% thyroid uptake) and markedly increased serum concentrations of protein-bound iodine-131 (PB131I) after 131I tracer injection. Thyroid imaging revealed diffuse radionuclide accumulation by the tumor, which involved both thyroid lobes. The dog was treated with three large doses of radioiodine (131I), ranging from 60 to 75 mCi, given at intervals of 5 to 7 months. The dog became euthyroid, and the size of the tumor decreased by approximately 25% after each 131I treatment, improving the severe inspiratory stridor and dyspnea, but both the hyperthyroid state and breathing difficulty recurred within a few months of each treatment. The dog was euthanatized 5 months after the last treatment because of progressive tracheal compression and pulmonary metastasis.
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PMID:Radioactive iodine treatment of a functional thyroid carcinoma producing hyperthyroidism in a dog. 292 18

Thyroid cancer is uncommon, with an incidence of 10,300 new patients each year and a mortality of 1,100 patients each year. Patient survival correlates with many factors, including tumor pathology, age, primary lesion size, distant metastases, extent of surgery, and radioiodine therapy. Deaths from thyroid cancer may occur many years after diagnosis, and such an indolent course has hampered the analysis of the multiple treatment programs advocated. Thyroid imaging continues to play an important role in the initial detection and follow-up management of thyroid cancer, but the search for a specific tracer for the primary lesion continues. The complementary role of serum thyroglobulin and radioiodine in the follow-up of the thyroidectomized patient is discussed. Radioiodine therapy has proven effectiveness in those patients with radioiodine-avid distant metastases and/or regional metastases. Whether radioiodine ablation of residual thyroid bed activity is beneficial remains controversial.
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PMID:Radionuclide diagnosis and therapy of thyroid cancer: current status report. 298 29


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