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Query: UMLS:C0027651 (tumor)
 685,946 document(s) hit in 31,850,051 MEDLINE articles (0.00 seconds)

Oxidation of free fatty acids (FFA) by Ehrlich ascites tumor in mice was studied in vivo by the direct measurement of 3H2O formed from [9,10-(3)]palmitate. The FFA tracer complexed to serum albumin was injected i.p. into unanesthetized mice, and blood plasma 3H2O was measured at different time points for 30 min. The contribution of 3H2O by desaturation of labeled palmitate to monounsaturated fatty acids in the tumor was estimated by the use of [1-14C]palmitate and was shown to be negligible during the course of our experiments. In order to estimate the rates of tumor FFA oxidation, the kinetics of the tumor-host water distribution system was studied by injecting tracer 3H2O i.p. and following the disappearance of 3H2O in the blood plasma at different time points for 30 min. The results of these experiments were used to compute the tumor FFA oxidation rate by multicompartmental analyses and SAAM. Despite the nearly anaerobic state of the ascites tumor fluid in vivo, cancer cells suspended in this fluid oxidized FFA at least as fast as they do in vitro under aerobic conditions. Moreover, according to our current estimate, the need of the tumor for FFA as a metabolic fuel appears to be much greater than its net lipid needs for growth.
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PMID:Fatty acid oxidation to H2O by Ehrlich ascites carcinoma in mice. 42 83

Changes in X-ray attenuation of rabbit V2 carcinoma, as determined by computed tomography (CT) scanning, were assessed following the intraarterial and intravenous administration of a water soluble contrast agent. After intraarterial contrast medium administration, a significant increase in CT attenuation values occurred in both blood and V2 carcinoma, and the attenuation values remained above control values for at least 120 min. A similar, although less pronounced, increase in VA attenuation values occurred following intravenous contrast medium administration. Comparison of V2 CT enhancement values after intraarterial and intravenous administration suggested that tumor enhancement was greater after intraarterial administration.
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PMID:Computed tomography of rabbit V2 carcinoma after intraarterial contrast enhancement. 42 26

A patient with a vipoma of the pancreas and persistently elevated blood levels of vasoactive intestinal polypeptide (VIP) had watery diarrhea, hypokalemia, and achlorhydria (WDHA syndrome). In the untreated state, the diarrhea was never profuse. Fecal volumes ranged from 0.16 to 1.24 L/day. Attempts to correct the dehydration by fluid and electrolyte loading resulted in a massive increase in fecal water and electrolyte loss. Prednisone cured the diarrhea and was associated with a decrease in plasma VIP levels. The patient had a marked circulatory disturbance with systemic arterial hypotension and cutaneous vasodilation that caused a subnormal body temperature. Removal of the tumor led to a dramatic change in the patient's circulation. Generalized vasodilation with systemic venous and arterial hypotension gave away to vasoconstriction with severe venous and arterial hypertension. Central venous pressure rose from -4.4 to +4.0 cm H2O and arterial pressure rose from 80/55 to 195/110 mm Hg. These changes might explain the unexpected and sometimes fatal heart failure that has complicated the removal of these tumors from some patients.
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PMID:Vipoma of the pancreas: observations on the diarhrhea and circulatory disturbances. 43 2

Tumors of the nervous system were induced in Sprague-Dawley and Long-Evans rats by weekly administrations of 6 mg/kg N-methyl-N-nitrosourea in the drinking water. Three of these tumors, a grade 2 mixed glioma, a grade 2 to 3 astrocytoma and a grade 1 to 2 oligodendroglioma, were established in culture and propagated in vitro. The mixed glioma strain (75SD-G-376) and the astrocytoma line (75SD-G-420) were repeatedly subcultured, cloned at passage 90 and 120 and designated as 75SD-G-376C and 75SD-G-420C clone, respectively. The growth rate of the oligodendroglioma cell strain (77LE-G-180) was very low and the cells died off after the 5th in vitro passage. The glial nature of all lines was ascertained by demonstrating the presence of the S-100 protein in the culture cells. 2 1/2 years after the establishment in vitro of the 75SD-G-376 and 75SD-G-420 primary cultures, mass cultures as well as clones derived from them are still producing S-100 and thus are clearly comparable to the primary cultures, at least in this respect. From a morphological standpoint based on light microscopy, cells of clonal lines with relatively few and short processes differ, however, from cells of primary cultures and their uncloned lines. Therefore, the cell morphology of these clones can be viewed upon as a form of adaptation to the in vitro conditions. It can be concluded that permanent cell lines with well-defined properties can be grown from experimental brain gliomas successfully established in culture and maintained in vitro.
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PMID:Selected morphological immunocytochemical and growth characteristics of three experimental rat gliomas and of their cells in vitro. 43 44

Five gastric carcinomas, induced in inbred Wistar rats by oral administration of N-methyl-N'-nitro-N-nitrosoguanidine (MNNG) dissolved in drinking water, were successfully transplanted to isologous rats. The transplants grew to a size of 10 to 35 mm in diameter within 8 to 25 weeks of implantation. In one case, serial transplantation were maintained up to the 11th generation, with occurrence of distant metastasis in the 3rd generation. Histological histochemical, and electron microscopical comparison of the original and transplanted tumors revealed that (1) the original tumors were quite well differentiated, forming either papillary or tubular structures, whereas the transplants were more anaplastic and pleomorphic showing often solid nests; and (2) tumor cells with gastrointestinal differentiation and cells with neuroendocrine differentiation were present and evenly distributed in both the original and the serially transplanted tumors. As it is unlikely that the normal and neoplastic neuroendocrine cells are growing side-by-side with and independently of the epithelial neoplastic components in the present series of transplants, the findings strongly suggest (1) the multidirectional potency of the inbred rat stomach carcinoma cells and (2) the common neoplastic origin of the epithelial and neuroendocrine components.
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PMID:Neuroendocrine cells in serially passaged rat stomach cancers induced by MNNG. 43 28

Tumor-associated antigens were demonstrated in phenol water extracts of human malignant melanoma by migration tests with leukocytes from melanoma patients and controls: in 25 out of 60 melanoma patients weak reactivity was observed, usually stimulation of leukocyte migration, while leukocytes from 37 controls were negative in 100 tests. The frequency of positive reactions did not differ significantly in patients with and without metastases. Humoral antibodies against antigens of phenol water extracts were not detectable in melanoma patients. Rabbits did not produce antibodies against tumor typical substances after immunization with phenol water extracts. Tumor associated antigens of phenol water extracts are presumably not targets of antitumor immune reactions that can influence the clinical course.
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PMID:Human malignant melanoma antigenic properties of phenol water extracts. 44 60

Spontaneous tumors in urodele amphibians have been considered uncommon, and this resistance has sometimes been associated with the natural regenerative capacity of tissues in such species. This report describes spontaneous, nonpigmented, benign epitheliomas which were found in 44 of 1586 (2.8%) adult newts, Cynops pyrrhogaster, captured in central Japan. Both sexes were affected equally, usually with single tumors occurring at any epidermal site. Under laboratory conditions, these large tumors rapidly regressed or disappeared. Lesions were histologically noninvasive, hyperplastic epidermal reactions accompanied by loss of basal, subdermal melanocytes. Ultrastructurally, enlargement of intercellular spaces between tumor cells, increased pigment granules and membrane-bound cytoplasmic aggregates within the spaces, swollen rough endoplasmic reticula, degenerating pigment granules, and altered corneal cells were noted. Virus-like particles were observed in one tumor cell. Prelminary attempts failed to demonstrate transmissibility of the tumor, and no new cases arose under laboratory conditions. The cause of these tumors in the Japanese newt remains unknown, and it is suggested that if a viral agent is involved then other environmental cofactors (diet, temperature, or water constituents) are required for its expression.
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PMID:Spontaneous regressive epitheliomas in the Japanese newt, Cynops pyrrhogaster. 44 90

The growth rate of Ehrlich ascites tumors has been examined as a function of the zinc content of the diet of the host mice. Imposition of a diet containing a low amount of zinc (1 microgram/g) on the day of tumor transplant leads to a marked retardation in growth. Pretreatment of the mice with this diet slows the growth further so that the lifetime of the mice can be doubled. Cells in such animals are still viable and rapidly proliferate after the animals are placed on a diet containing zinc. Growth rate of the tumor is also recorded at levels of zinc (40, 80, 160, and 250 microgram/ml) in the drinking water. All of these results are examined in relationship to the zinc in the ascites fluid, which provides the zinc nutriture for the tumor. A direct correlation between growth rate and fluid zinc content is observed. The influence of diet and the tumor upon zinc content of the liver of the host is examined. The results indicate that the tumor essentially sequesters zinc from the animal under zinc-deficient conditions. Over a 10-fold range of fluid zinc values, there are no clear differences in the concentration of zinc within the ascites cells. This occurs despite the facile uptake and efflux of zinc ion by the Ehrlich cell.
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PMID:Zinc deficiency and growth of Ehrlich ascites tumor. 44 45

This study was designed to clarify the role of gut microflora in tumorigenesis by a comparison of tumor production between male germ-free and conventional Wistar rats given N-methyl-N'-nitro-N-nitrosoguanidine (MNNG), 100 microgram/ml in drinking water. Ninety-one % of conventional MNNG-treated rats that died or were killed by Day 314 of the experiment developed tumors in the gastrointestinal tract, whereas only 17% of germ-free treated rats developed such tumors. In addition, large tumors, some 5 cm or more in diameter, were frequently observed in the conventional rats, whereas only small tumors 0.4 to 1.2 cm in diameter were present in the germ-free rats. Furthermore, multiple tumors including double tumors were often found in the conventional rats, while such tumors never appeared in the germ-free rats. The results suggest that gut microflora might exert a promoting influence on tumorigenesis by MNNG in the gastrointestinal tract. The promoting influence of the microflora in conventional rats might not be of a simple nature, since the influence of a variety of factors modified by the micorflora on tumorigenesis by MNNG p.o. is unavoidable.
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PMID:Gastrointestinal carcinogenesis in germ-free rats given N-methyl-N'-nitro-N-nitrosoguanidine in drinking water. 44 76

In order to elaborate an epidurographic technique, the water-soluble contrast substance (verografin), oil solution of iodine, iodolipol and air were used in experimental studies on animals and in cadavers. The studies demonstrated that oil and gaslike contrast substances penetrate into the vein and create a threat of embolia formation. For epidurography the most acceptable are water-soluble contrast substances. The method of an ascending verografin epidurography was elaborated and used in clinical practice. Some indications and contraindications for epidurography are outlined. A group of 396 patients with osteochondrosis of the lumbar part of the spine was examined. The method allowed a topic diagnosis of the disc hernia not only along the spine, but in the cross-section of the motor segments (median, paramedian and lateral hernias). The studies make it possible to exclude a disc prolapse in a nonhernial form of osteochondrosis. In 32 patients with spinal tumors epidurography permitted to determine the initial growth of the tumor, its size and relation to the dura mater.
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PMID:[Verografin epidurography in the diagnosis of spinal and spondylogenic diseases]. 45 88


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