Gene/Protein Disease Symptom Drug Enzyme Compound
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Query: UMLS:C0027651 (tumor)
 685,946 document(s) hit in 31,850,051 MEDLINE articles (0.00 seconds)

Beta-emitting radionuclides are important constituents of isotope inventories in light water reactors and may pose an inhalation hazard to industrial workers or the general population if they are released. To study the biological effects of such potential exposures, a series of life span studies was initiated in which beagle dogs were exposed to aerosols of relatively insoluble fused clay particles containing 90Y, 91Y, 144Ce or 90Sr. Groups of dogs exposed to each radionuclide received graded initial lung burdens of radioactivity. When combined with the varied physical half-lives of the four radionuclides, this resulted in a wide variety of radiation doses and dose patterns to the lung. Deaths (greater than 640 days after exposure) were generally associated with pulmonary neoplasia in dogs that inhaled 91Y, 144Ce or 90Sr. These dogs had cumulative lung doses to death greater than 20 000 rads. Exposure to 144Ce or 90Sr with dose rates that decreased slowly induced pulmonary haemangiosarcomas. Pulmonary irradiation from 91Y, with a rapidly decreasing dose rate, resulted in pulmonary epithelial tumours. No malignant lung tumours have been seen within 1540 days after exposure to 90Y. The animals in the main studies have been observed for 1342 to 2756 days after exposure.
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PMID:Comparative pulmonary carcinogenicity of inhaled beta-emitting radionuclides in beagle dogs. 19 66

meso-Tetra(p-sulfophenyl)porphine (TPPS4) has been found to accumulate in the tumors of mice bearing a murine sarcoma virus-induced rhabdomyosarcoma to a greater degree than in all other tissues except for the kidney. Tumor to tissue ratios of from 3:1 (tumor to liver) to 9:1 (tumor to muscle) were observed. The uptake of TPPS4 was found to be dose dependent, and the highest tumor to tissue ratios were found 96 hours after injection. The water-soluble TPPS4 appears to be cleared through the kidneys and absolute concentrations there are reduced with increasing time after injection. These data are compared with previous studies on TPPS4 localization in Walker 256 carcinosarcoma-bearing mice. In view of this localizing ability and its relative lack of toxicity, TPPS4 seems to represent an ideal candidate for a tumor-localizing agent if high levels of the porphyrin in the kidneys can be reversed.
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PMID:Localization of meso-tetra(p-sulfophenyl)porphine in murine sarcoma virus-induced tumor-bearing mice. 20 78

A newly synthesized water-soluble nitrosourea derivative, 1-(2-chloroethyl)-3-(beta-D-glucopyranosyl)-1-nitrosourea (GANU; NSC-254157) has marked activities against experimental tumors such as lymphoid leukemia L-1210, ascites sarcoma- 180, ascites hepatoma AH-130, and Walker carcinosarcoma-256. A single intraperitoneal injection of the compound is more effective than successive injections on the L-1210 system. An especially interesting point is that both the single intraperitoneal and single oral administrations 2 days after tumor implantation showed a high effectiveness. In addition, growth of the mammary adenocarcinoma transplanted subcutaneously on the back of mice was also considerably suppressed by successive intraperitoneal injections of the compound.
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PMID:Effect of 1-(2-chloroethyl)-3-(beta-D-glucopyranosyl)-1-nitrosourea on experimental tumors. 20 35

Epithelioid liver cells were established in culture from rats sacrificed 10 to 18 weeks after the administration of the hepatocarcinogen diethylnitrosamine in their drinking water. After approximately 3 months in vitro, more than half the cells propagated from rats that developed hepatocellular carcinomas had bean-shaped, acentrically displaced nuclei with large juxtanuclear homogeneous appearing areas resembling the hyalin or Mallory bodies in the livers of chronic alcoholics. These abnormalities were not seen in the livers of origin, but were retained in the carcinomas that formed after the cultured cells containing such juxtanuclear hyalin inclusions were inoculated into young rats or nude (i.e., thymusless) mice; these features persisted upon reestablishment and continuous passage of the tumor cells in culture. The cells were further characterized by their karyotypes and their growth properties in liquid media and soft agar. By transmission electron microscopy the hyaline bodies in the culture tumor cells were shown to consist of a disorganized meshwork of filaments. Examination by incubating cells with cytochalasin B and by using antiactin and anti-DNase antisera as indirect immunofluorescence probes also revealed a disturbance in the cytoskeleton.
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PMID:In vitro demonstration of Mallory body formation in liver cells from rats fed diethylnitrosamine. 20 30

Two unusual cases of the watery diarrhea syndrome are presented. In one patient an adrenal medullary tumor, a pheochromocytoma that produced vasoactive intestinal polypeptide (VIP) was excised with total relief of symptoms. The second patient a 65-year-old man with abrupt onset of massive watery diarrhea that led to acidosis and coma was symptomatically controlled for one year on 10 mg/day of prednisone. Elevated levels of VIP returned to normal after prednisone therapy was started. A benign islet cell tumor not localized by angiography was removed by distal pancreatic resection. Tissue levels of VIP were markedly elevated. VIP is a humoral mediator of the water diarrhea syndrome. Both benign and malignant pancreatic and extrapancreatic tumors may cause the watery diarrhea syndrome. Steroids may cause symptomatic relief of the diarrhea by lowering peptide levels to normal. The term watery diarrhea syndrome may be more accurate than the pancreatic cholera syndrome.
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PMID:Watery diarrhea syndrome. Two unusual cases and further evidence that VIP is a humoral mediator. 20 79

Intratumor chemotherapy with the use of mitomycin C and/or immunotherapy caused regression of line 10 carcinomas in strain 2 guinea pigs and resulted in development of tumor-specific immunity. The immunotherapeutic preparation consisted of oil-in-water emulsions containing Mycobacterium cell walls or residues of cell walls termed cell wall skeletons. The latter preparations were combined with trehalose dimycolate, which was isolated by microparticulate chromatography from whole cells of mycobacteria. Reducing mitomycin C to a single intratumor injection of 50 microgram produced little necrotizing effect and a mean tumor regression rate of 17%. Intratumor immunotherapy 1 day after treatment with 50 microgram of mitomycin C resulted in regression of 90% of the treated tumors as compared to mean regression rates of 30 to 50% for immunotherapy alone. In addition, chemoimmunotherapy was more effective than either chemotherapy or immunotherapy alone in producing regression of relatively large, as well as smaller, tumors.
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PMID:Intratumor chemoimmunotherapy with mitomycin C and components from mycobacteria in regression of line 10 tumors in guinea pigs. 20 61

Butylated hydroxytoluene (BHT), pretreatment of 8-wk-old BALB/c mice for 28 days protected against 30-day lethality by X-rays, diethylnitrosamine (DEN), dimethylnitrosamine (DMN) and ethyl methanesulfonate (EMS) but not against methyl methanesulfonate (MMS). In X-ray survivors, neither mean survival nor leukemia incidences were affected by BHT. However, BHT (lifetime), given alone or with DEN (300 MG/KG BW in H2O) or 250 R X-rays, increased irradiated survivors at 18 months but not leukemia or tumor incidences. BHT + DEN treated females had increased survival and a decreased frequency of forestomach squamous carcinomas compared with DEN alone; no differences were seen in males or in pulmonary adenomas. In X-ray + DEN treated females, effect upon survival was additive, but the specific diseases causing this effect were not identified.
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PMID:interactions of ionizing radiation, nitrosamines, sulfonoxyalkanes and antioxidants as they affect carcinogenesis and survival in mice. 21 Jun 45

N-Methyl-N-formylhydrazine (MFH) was administered in drinking water as a 0.0078% solution to randomly bred Syrian golden hamsters for life beginning at 6 weeks of age. The treatment gave rise to benign and malignant liver cell tumors, malignant histiocytomas and tumors of the gall bladder and bile ducts. The tumor incidence in these four treated tissues was 43, 34, 11,8%, while in untreated controls it was 0, 0, 0, 0%, respectively. Histopathologically, tumors were classified as benign hepatomas, liver cell carcinomas, malignant histiocytomas, adenomas and adenocarcinomas of the gall bladder, cholangiomas, and cholangiocarcinomas.
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PMID:Carcinogenic effects in the Syrian golden hamster of N-methyl-N-formylhydrazine of the false morel mushroom Gyromitra esculenta. 22 Feb 66

Two cases are reported of the development of mucoid adenocarcinoma of the colon in young patients, nineteen and thirty-four years after ureterocolic anastomosis for benign conditions. One patient showed implantation of the colonic neoplasm on the mucosa of an upper calyx in the obstructed kidney. Patients who have undergone ureterocolic anastomosis have a greatly increased risk of the development of large-bowel neoplasms. When suspected, radiologic examination of the colon using a water-soluble contrast material, together with rectosigmoidoscopy or colonoscopy, is essential. Because of the serious nature of this complication, it is suggested that the recent trend to return to the use of large bowel in urinary diversion may be hazardous, especially in the young patient with a benign disease.
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PMID:Carcinoma of colon after ureterocolic anastomosis: implantation on calyceal mucosa. 22 31

A study was performed on 30 patients diagnosed antomopathologically for malignant neoplasia of the lung (epidermoid carcinomas, adenocarcinomas, oat-cell carcinomas, and neoplasias which could not be definitely classified). The following parameters for blood and urine were determined: osmolality, sodium, potassium, urea, and creatinine. Osmotic free water, creatinine, sodium, and potassium clearances were also calculated, as well as the plasma osmolality/urinary osmolality ratio. The basic aim of our study was to investigate for the presence of disturbances in the metabolism of water and alterations in plasmatic and urinary osmolality in this type of tumor. These could appear as complete inadequate ADH secretion syndromes as discovered by Bartter and Schwartz or as incomplete syndromes (hypoosmolality and/or hyponatremia). Among the more significant results was the tendency toward oliguira seen in 44% of the patients and the high incidence of plasmatic hypoosmolality (31%). In three patients plasmatic hypoosmolality and hyponatremia were concommitant in repeated observations. A complete inadequate ADH secretion syndrome was discovered in another patient with an oat-cell carcinoma. He presented plasmatic hypoosmolality, hyponatremia, relative urinary hypertonia, and oliguria but not renal, suprarenal, or hepatic pathology.
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PMID:[Investigation of the hypoosmolal syndrome in carcinomas of the lung (author's transl)]. 22 78


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