Gene/Protein Disease Symptom Drug Enzyme Compound
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Query: UMLS:C0027651 (tumor)
 685,946 document(s) hit in 31,850,051 MEDLINE articles (0.00 seconds)

For patients undergoing intraperitoneal ("belly bath") chemotherapy, it is useful to verify the distribution of infusion fluid. For this reason, 10 patients were examined by computed tomography (CT) after intraperitoneal instillation of dialysate mixed with water soluble contrast material. The extent of intraperitoneal distribution was assessed, and in two patients filling defects, presumably representing tumor, were identified.
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PMID:Intraperitoneal contrast infusion for assessment of intraperitoneal fluid dynamics. 11 83

Water-soluble adjuvants prepared from Mycobacteriim smegmatis and human mixed mycobacteria strains C, DT, and PN were found to increase lymphocyte response in one-way mixed-lymphocyte culture and in vitro immunization to cultured human tumor cells. Phytohemagglutinin-induced lymphocyte blastogenesis, however, was depressed by water-soluable adjuvants.
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PMID:Effect of water-soluble adjuvants on in vitro lymphocyte immunization. 12 69

Chlorozotocin, 2-(3-(2-chloroethyl)-3-nitrosoureido)-D-glucopyranose, is a newly synthesized, water-soluble nitrosourea antitumor agent that is active against L1210 leukemia in mice. A 701% and a 401% increase in life-span were attained with a dose that was lethal to 10% of the animals (15 to 20 mg/kg, i.p.) in mice treated on Day 2 or Day 6 of L1210 tumor growth, respectivley. Sixity % of Day 2-treated mice and 30% of Day 6-treated mice survived for 90 days. At the maximally effective dose against L1210, chlorozotocin produced no significant depression in normal bone marrow DNA synthesis nor in peripheral neutrophil count, in contrast to a sustained greater than 90% inhibition in L1210 ascites cell DNA synthesis. If the antitumor activity and reduced bone marrow toxicity of chlorozotocin are confirmed in man the use of this compound would facilitate treatment of patients with neoplastic disease who have preexisting abnormal bone marrow function or would allow for the more effective use of a nitrosourea agent in combination with anticancer agents possessing more potent myelosuppressive properties.
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PMID:Chlorozotocin, 2-(3-(2-chloroethyl)-3-nitrosoureido)-D-glucopyranose, an antitumor agent with modified bone marrow toxicity. 12 70

The total activity per microgram of protein of alpha-arylsulphatase and beta-glucuronidase lysosomial enzymes has been determined in 20 cases of benign and malignant breast tumour. The activity of lysosomial enzymes of the normal breast tissue was always much lower than in neoplastic tissues. The difference is already fairly marked in the case of benign tumours and cystic fibroadenosis, but reaches its peak in malignant tumours where activity is 4-5 times higher than normal values. In the case of total activity, the reference is to one ml of homogenate in distilled water, and in the case of specific activity to mg of protein of the homogenate, in either case the findings are highly significant. Although these researches are at a preliminary stage, they confirm the importance of lysosomial enzyme modifications in the phenomenon of neoplastic growth in the breast.
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PMID:[Activity of lysosomal alpha-arylsulfatase and beta-glucuronidase enzymes in benign and malignant breast tumors]. 13 11

Structure-activity studies of nitrosourea pharmacology have resulted in the synthesis of a new water-soluble agent,chlorozotocin, which has significant antitumor activity against the L1210 leukemia system and produces only a minor degree of inhibition of mouse and human bone marrow DNA synthesis compared to BCNU. It is important to emphasize that the bone marrow sparing feature of chlorozotocin is relative and that if the drug is administered at lethal dose levels in mice, myelosuppression is observed. The potential importance of these studies is the identification of a new and active nitrosourea antiumor agent with modified bone marrow toxicity. If aminoglucose modification of nitrosourea bone marrow toxicity can be confirmed in man without significant loss of antitumor activity, the use of such a compound could facilitate treatment of patients with neoplastic disease who have pre-existing abnormal bone marrow function. It would also allow the more effective use of a nitrosourea agent in combination with anticancer agents possessing more potent myelosuppressive properties.
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PMID:Pharmacology of chlorozotocin Nsc-178248), a new nitrosourea antitumor agent. 13 56

Separate solutions of 0.015% benzylhydrazine dihydrochloride and 0.01% phenylhydrazine hydrochloride were given continuously in the drinking water of 6- and 5-week-old randomly bred Swiss mice for the remainder of their life. The consumption of benzylhydrazine dihydrochloride significantly increased the lung tumor incidence from 21 to 42% in the females, while in phenylhydrazine hydrochloride-treated mice, the incidence of blood vessel tumors rose significanly from 5 to 22% in females and from 6 to 20% in males, as compared with the controls. Histopathologically, the tumors were classified as adenomas and adenocarcinomas of lungs and angiomas and angiosarcomas of blood vessels. The study thus proves for the first time the tumorigenicity of benzylhydrazine dihydrochloride. It also confirms the tumor inducing ability of phenylhydrazine hydrochloride, which is used in medicine for treatment of polycythemia vera.
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PMID:Tumorigenic effects of chronic administration of benzylhydrazine dihydrochloride and phenylhydrazine hydrochloride in Swiss mice. 13 72

1-(2-Chloroethyl)-3-(beta-D-glucopyranosyl)-1-nitrosourea (GANU), a water-soluble nitrosourea, differs from 2-[3-(2-chloroethyl)-3-nitrosoureido]-D-glucopyranose (chlorozotocin) by the placement of the cytotoxic group on C-1 of glucose. Its biological and biochemical properties are compared with those of chlorozotocin. At a 10% lethal dose (10 mg/kg i.p.), GANU demonstrates minimal myelosuppression. This dose failed to depress normal bone marrow DNA synthesis, in contrast to a 96% inhibition in L1210 DNA synthesis. In L1210 cell suspension, equimolar doses of GANU and chlorozotocin produced equivalent degrees of inhibition in DNA synthesis. GANU has significant L1210 activity in BALB/c X DBA/2 F1 mice treated on Day 2 of tumor growth. A 117% increased life-span and 15% 45-day survivors are atained with 15 mg/kg i.p., a 50% lethal dose. However, in concurrent studies using randomly selected littermate groups of mice, GANU proved less active than chlorozotocin which produced a 306% increased life-span (15 mg/kg i.p.). GANU and chlorozotocin have similar in vitro alkylating activity but the in vitro carbamoylating activity of GANU is sevenfold that of chlorozotocin. On a molar basis, the lethal toxicity of GANU is twice that of chlorozotocin. The significant carbamoylating activity of GANU may contribute to its greater toxicity and therefore limit the mumoles of alkylating agent that can be administered to the tumor. These structure-activity studies further confirm that the addition of a glucose carrier to a cytotoxic nitrosourea moiety can selectively reduce bone marrow toxicity while retaining antitumor activity.
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PMID:Biological and biochemical properties of 1-(2-chloroethyl)-3-(beta-D-glucopyranosyl)-1-nitrosourea (NSC D 254157), a nitrosourea with reduced bone marrow toxicity. 13 78

The aim of the experiments was to determine whether the various types of carcinomas found in the human urinary bladder were reproducible in animals. We added n-butyl-n-(4-hydroxybutyl)-nitrosamine at a dose of 20 mg/kg/day to the drinking water of 177 female Wistar rats for a period of 40 to 150 days. After a total experimental time of between 150 and 250 days the animals were sacrified. The spectrum of carcinomas induced, includes all the types known to occur in man. The various tumor types occurred with the same frequency as in man and exhibited the same growth patterns. Variously differentiated papillary and non-papillary transitional cell carcinomas comprised 88.8% of tumors registered. 5.1% were keratinized and nonkeratinized squamous cell carcinomas, 2.2% adenocarcinomas. 1.1% were undifferentiated carcinomas and 2.8% were carcinomas of the mixed type with squamous cell and transitional cell differentiation. Histogenetically adenocarcinomas were found to originate from glandular metaplasia and squamous cell carcinomas from squamous metaplasia within completely developed transitional cell carcinomas. Furthermore it was possible to induce proliferative lesions such as von Brunn's nests, cystitis cystica and cystitis glandularis. However, we found no clues to substantiate the development of adenocarcinomas from these proliferative lesions, or for that matter squamous cell carcinomas from squamous metaplasia of the otherwise unchanged urothelium. The present experimental model seems particulary suited for the search of further information regarding the development of tumors in the human bladder.
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PMID:Morphology, classification and histogenesis of N-butyl-N-(4-hydroxybutyl)-nitrosamine-induced carcinomas in the urinary bladder of rats. 14 May 44

1-Nitrosopiperazine was fed to two groups of rats as drinking water solutions containing 400 mg/liter (3.5 millimolar) and 800 mg/liter (7.0 millimolar), respectively. The treatment was 20 ml per rat per day, 5 days per week for life. In both groups many animals died with olfactory tumors (mostly esthesioneuroblastomas), the first at 36 weeks in the higher dose group, the first at 64 weeks in the lower dose group. There was also a small number of liver tumors in both groups. None of these tumors was seen in the untreated controls. The similarity of this tumor distribution to that produced by 1,4-dinitrosopiperazine suggests that the observed carcinogenicity of 1-nitrosopiperazine may be entirely due to its disproportionation in the acidic medium of the rat stomach. Chemical data supporting this interpretation are presented.
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PMID:Chronic oral administration of 1-nitrosopiperazine at high doses to MRC rats. 14 2

1,2-Diformylhydrazine was administered in drinking water as a 2% solution to randomly bred Swiss albino mice for life from 6 weeks of age. As a result of treatment, the lung tumor incidence rose from 15 to 96% in females and from 22 to 82% in males. The treatment had no statistically significant effect on the development of other types of tumors. Histopathologically, the neoplasms exhibited the characteristic appearance of adenomas and adenocarcinomas of the lungs. The work is part of a series of studies aimed at revealing the relative carcinogenic potency of mono- and dialkyl-hydrazines and also their possible environmental significance as cancer causative agents.
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PMID:Lung tumorigenesis by 1,2-diformylhydrazine in mice. 15 1


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