Gene/Protein Disease Symptom Drug Enzyme Compound
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Query: UMLS:C0027651 (tumor)
 685,946 document(s) hit in 31,850,051 MEDLINE articles (0.00 seconds)

Seventeen patients with various histologic types of incurable malignant disease were treated with a combination of vinblastine, bleomycin, and cis-dichlorodiammineplatinum(II). Creatinine and blood urea nitrogen elevations were noted but were not of a severe degree. White blood cell and platelet count depressions were seen and appeared to be cumulative, though not life-threatening. Tinnitus and high-frequency hearing loss were noted. Tumor regression was seen in one patient with adenocarcinoma of the lung and in one patient with a testicular tumor. This appears to be a manageable drug combination with frequent monitoring of renal, hematopoietic, pulmonary, and auditory function. A phase II study establishing the therapeutic efficacy of this combination in advanced testicular neoplasms now appears to be indicated.
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PMID:Phase I clinical trial of combined therapy with vinblastine (NSC-49842), bleomycin (NSC-125066), and cisdichlorodiammineplatinum(II)( NSC-119875). 6 32

10(7) mouse ascites tumor cells/ml incubated at 37 degrees C in 0.5 to 1.0 X 10(-4) M Janus green B or in 1.0 X 10(-4) M phenazine methosulphate are destroyed in 100 per cent oxygen atmosphere but remain transplantable in nitrogen atmosphere. The "sensitizing" effect of oxygen can be substituted by SH inhibitors (iodoacetic acid, iodoacetamide and their spinlabelled variants) as well as by some nitroxide free radicals. The "oxygen effect" is blocked by mercaptoethanole or cooling. Compared with the spectrum of native cells a more symmetrical singlet of larger amplitude, approximately g = 2 value, arose in the ESR spectrum of Janus green B treated cells. The "oxygen effect" observed in the presence of Janus green B differs in several ways from the oxygen effect of ionizing radiation and from the "photodynamic" effect.
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PMID:Study on the "toxic oxygen effect" of Janus green B in mouse ascites tumour cells. 7 98

Effect of clinically available chemotherapeutic agents on transplantable and tissue culture bladder carcinoma cell line, BC-47, which were syngeneic to host animals, was confirmed. Adriamycin, vincristine, and bleomycin possessed predominant antitumor activity. 1,3-Bis(2-chloroethyl)-1-nitrosourea (BCNU) also reduced the tumor load of the host after which the tumor began to grow at the site of inoculation. Alkylating agents such as nitrogen mustard N-oxide (Nitromin), cyclophosphamide, 3,3'-dimesyloxydipropylamine tosylate (864T), and mitomycin-C possessed a weak activity, while antimetabolites such as 5-fluorouracil, 1-(1'=furyl)-5-fluorouracil (FT-207), cytosine arabinoside, and behenoylcytosine arabinoside possessed no activity.
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PMID:Effect of chemotherapeutic agents on the growth of rat bladder cancer, BC-47. 7 84

Changes in serum zinc and copper levels were studied in 19 tumor bearing patients undergoing parenteral nutrition (TPN) for five to 42 days. Before initiation of intravenous feeding mean serum zinc and copper concentrations were within normal limits but during TPN levels decreased significantly below those measured prior to parenteral nutrition. During TPN nitrogen, zinc, and copper intake, urinary output and serum levels were studied prospectively in nine of these patients. These nine patients exhibited positive nitrogen retention based upon urinary nitrogen excretion, but elevated urinary zinc and copper excretion and lowered serum zinc and copper concentrations. Neither blood administration nor limited oral intake was consistently able to maintain normal serum levels of zinc or copper. Zinc and copper supplementation of hyperalimentation fluids in four patients studied for five to 16 days was successful in increasing serum zinc and copper levels in only two. The data obtained suggest that patients undergoing parenteral nutrition may require supplementation of zinc and copper to prevent deficiencies of these elements.
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PMID:Abnormalities of zinc and copper during total parenteral nutrition. 10 6

Parenteral and enteral nutrition are being used as adjuncts to cancer therapy. A liquid diet formulation containing a 27% solution of glucose and 3.9% crystalline amino acids with electrolytes and vitamins was given continuously for a week via parenteral (iv), and via intragastric (ig) routes and also was given ad libitum via the oral or per os (po) route to groups of Buffalo rats with and without a Morris No. 7777 transplantable hepatoma to find out how these feeding procedures affect tumor-host interactions. Other groups of rats with and without the hepatoma were given solid food ad libitum. The following parameters were examined: mortality, carcass and organ weights, body and tumor growth, nitrogen balance, energy intake, fluid balance, urinalysis, hematology values, and serum protein levels. The results are considered with respect to the influence of the tumor on the host and the influence of the feeding procedure on the animal with and without a tumor. The presence of the hepatoma was associated with: higher mortality, a decrease in carcass mass, leucocytosis, anemia, a decrease in serum IgG, transferrin and albumin, and an increase in serum alpha fetoprotein. The iv and ig feeding procedures alone resulted in some mortality which was exacerbated by the presence of the tumor. Mortality was especially high in the tumorous rats on the ig feeding procedure. The degree of positive nitrogen balance and carcass mass was similar in non-tumorous rats fed the same liquid diet formula when given iv, ig, or po. Tumorous rats fed the liquid diet ad libitum showed anorexia and a significantly lower nitrogen balance. The iv and ig feeding of tumorous rats at a level which was well above those of the tumorous rats given solid or liquid diet ad libitum maintained the same degree of positive nitrogen balance as non-tumorous rats. Even though the iv feeding of tumorous rats maintained about the same degree of positive nitrogen balance as non-tumorous rats, these tumorous rats still suffered loss of carcass mass. It appears that the large rapidly growing hepatoma has priority for available nutrition over the host. It is further suggested that the rapidly growing hepatoma places an ever increasing demand on the available nutrients. Thus, a point is eventually reached where even supplemental nutritional support can no longer meet the needs of the growing hepatoma and the host.
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PMID:Tumor-host responses to various nutritional feeding procedures in rats. 10 99

In carcinoma of the esophagus, two major factors are operative, both of which are capable of suppressing the immune response, namely starvation and the presence of a malignant tumor. Twenty patients who were treated by palliative intubation for unresectable carcinoma of the esophagus were investigated. All patients were suffering from protein-calorie malnutrition and were shown to be in negative nitrogen balance. Lymphocyte counts and the nonspecific cellular and humoral immune response were evaluated before and after correction of the nutritional deficit. No attempt was made to reduce tumor bulk. The cellular immune response was compromised in all patients. The DNCB skin test was negative, absolute lymphocyte counts and T-lymphocyte numbers were significantly depressed, and the mitogenic response to phytohaemagglutinin (PHA) stimulation also significantly depressed. Immunoglobulin A levels were significantly elevated but serum complement concentrations were normal. Reversal of the negative nitrogen balance resulted in a significant increase in absolute and T-lymphocyte numbers, and a significant increase in the mitogenic response to PHA. The DNCB skin test, however, remained nonreactive. Nutritional repletion also significantly increased serum C(3), C(4) and C(3)PA concentrations. Reversal of negative nitrogen balance may reverse in vitro evidence of immunoparesis and produce an increase in complement concentrations, without therapeutic reduction in the tumor load.
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PMID:Nutritional status and the nonspecific cellular and humoral immune response in esophageal carcinoma. 10 56

Head and neck cancer patients present with special problems in nutritional homoeostasis because of local phayngeal discomfort and obstruction and difficulty with deglutition due to either the neoplasm or the surgical alterations in the upper aerodigestive tract. Pretreatment malnutrition and vitamin deficiency are only compounded by the nutritional stress imposed by radiation and surgery. Reduced wound complications occur if the patients are nutritionally replenished before treatment. While nasogastric feedings will suffice in many patients, rapid nutritional restoration by this method is limited, and positive nitrogen balance may be difficult to achieve in the severely malnourished patient. Intravenous hyperalimentation offers a rapid and efficacious alternative in selected cases. The case histories of two patients are presented to illustrate these concepts.
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PMID:Enteral and parenteral nutrition in patients with head and neck cancer. 11 4

Rats bearing the Morris hepatoma No. 7777 were randomized into three treatment groups. Two of the groups received a nutritionally complete liquid formula diet per os ad libitum. One of these two groups received hydrazine sulfate (HS; an inhibitor of gluconeogenesis) twice daily (15 mg/kg) for 5 days. A third group of tumorous rats received the HS therapy and was given the liquid diet parenterally for 5 days. Tumorous rats fed per os, especially with HS therapy demonstrated inhibition of tumor growth, reduction of body and carcass weight, anorexia and decreased nitrogen retention. The combination of parenteral feeding and HS therapy sustained body and carcass weight with high nitrogen retention but stimulated tumor growth and was associated with liver toxicity. These results support the concept that cancer cachexia involves 'a systemic energy-losing cycle dependent on an interplay of tumor glycolysis and gluconeogenesis'.
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PMID:Total parenteral nutrition and inhibition of gluconeogenesis on tumor-host responses. 11 15

The effects of acute parenteral nutritional manipulations on tumor and carcass growth were examined in the rat. Carcass mass was maintained in animals fed diets either orally or intravenously. Reduction in liver incorporation of tritiated methyl thymidine and increases in liver fat content in the total parenteral nutrition groups indicated that the high carbohydrate, high nitrogen, intravenous diet was less than optimal. Tumor growth as measured by changes in volume, weight, DNA content, or nitrogen content was unaffected by the various nutritional regimens. Tumor dpm/microgram DNA was reduced by those intravenous regimens that were associated with hyperglycemia. Host carcass weight, can be maintained with intravenous nutrition, but normal growth is not restored by the current intravenous regimens.
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PMID:Nutritional manipulations and tumor growth. II. The effects of intravenous feeding. 11 10

A series of 42 patients with malignant melanoma treated with BCG adjuvant immunotherapy were studied for sequential changes in cellular immune reactivity to non-specific mitogens. Lymphocyte preparations were made monthly and stored in a viable condition in liquid nitrogen. After 6 months of treatment, all lymphocyte samples from an individual were recovered and tested for DNA synthesis after stimulation with PHA, PWM, Con A, PPD and MLC. The responses to the mitogens in the blastogenesis test were stable during the course of therapy. The MLC response did not increase significantly in patients treated with tumor-cell vaccines, and declined sharply in the six patients who subsequently relapsed and died. The in vitro PPD response increased 1 to 3 months after initiation of BCG in patients who were initially unresponsive to PPD in vitro. However, PPD-positive patients did not show any significant alteration of the PPD response. The PPD response did increase less sharply in patients whose disease eventually recurred than in those who remained without evidence of clinical disease. BCG therapy does not appear to correct lymphocyte proliferative defects in melanoma patients. Of the assays employed, the MLC and PPD tests appear to be the most useful as monitors of clinical status and response to therapy.
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PMID:Sequential examination of lymphocyte proliferative capacity in patients with malignant melanoma receiving BCG immunotherapy. 13 80


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