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Query: UMLS:C0027651 (tumor)
 685,946 document(s) hit in 31,850,051 MEDLINE articles (0.00 seconds)

Studies of the chromatographic behavior of mammalian tRNAs, from several sources, on acylated DBAE-cellulose indicate that species of tRNA Asn , tRNA Asp and tRNA His can be retained on this matrix, while species of tRNA Tyr, tRNA Asn and tRNA Asp are not retained. Treatment of total rat liver tRNA with cyanogen bromide and subsequent chromatography on Aminex A-28 columns demonstrated that these tRNA species might contain Q (or Q*) nucleoside. However, comparable studies of the tRNA isolated from Walker 256 rat mammary tumor tissue demonstrated that this tumor tRNA almost totally lacks the hypermodified nucleosides Q and Q*. In addition, we have found that at least the major species of rat liver tRNA Asn contains the Q nucleoside. These studies indicate that chromatography on the acylated DBAE-cellulose matrix, couple with the analytical ion-exchange chromatography of cyanogen bromide treated and untreated amino-acyl-tRNA can be a valuable technique for the determination of alterations in the Q (or Q*) nucleoside content of the tRNAs isolated from normal and tumor tissues.
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PMID:Chromatographic behavior of several mammalian tRNAs on acylated dihydroxyl-borate cellulose and Aminex A-28. 33 87

Flow cytometric studies of cellular DNA content were conducted in 26 patients with a variety of neoplasms. Cell dispersal was achieved with pepsin treatment, and a combination of ethidium bromide and mithramycin was used as DNA specific staining procedure. All measurements were conducted with a new sheath flow chamber in a PHYWE ICP 11 pulse cytophotometer. All but one patient with multiple myeloma had unimodal tumor cell DNA distributions. With human granulocytes as reference standard, 24 of 26 tumors were aneuploid; and of these, 23 showed varying degrees of hyperdiploidy. Except for one patient, ploidy abnormalities were stable on repeat examination.
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PMID:Flow cytometric analysis of DNA content for ploidy determination in human solid tumors. 37 15

Laminin was recently characterized as being a major non-collageneous protein of the basement membrane matrix produced by a mouse tumor. It was extracted from the tumor matrix with neutral buffer and purified under non-denaturing conditions. Rabbit and guinea pig antisera raised against laminin or a large pepsin fragment P1 of laminin showed strong binding to both laminin and peptide P1 but only a weak reaction with reduced and alkylated laminin. The major antigenic determinants of laminin were located in a disulfide knot, comprising one third of the molecule, which resisted degradation by pepsin or cyanogen bromide. Minor antigenic determinants shared by the native and reduced protein could also be identified. The data were interpreted as showing that laminin consists of conformationally rigid as well as more flexible domains. Absorption studies with mouse kidney homogenate indicated that authenic basement membranes contain a protein immunologically identical to laminin. Tissues from other species contain a related protein which exhibits partial cross-reaction with mouse laminin. Together with immunofluorescence data the findings demonstrate that laminin, like type IV collagen, occurs in most basement membranes of the body.
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PMID:Immunochemical characterization of the basement membrane glycoprotein laminin. 39 64

After treatment with aminoethylisothiouronium bromide hydrobromide (AET), the ascites forms of the diethylnitrosamine-induced guinea pig hepatomas, line-1 and line-10, were susceptible or more susceptible to killing in vitro by certain combinations of tumor-specific or IgM anti-Forssman antibody and either human or guinea pig complement. Since AET could be toxic to either cell line, conditions of pH, concentration of AET, and duration of exposure of the cells to the reagent were determined that resulted in enhanced susceptibility without significantly affecting cell viability. Chicken erythrocytes (CE) also were tested and AET-treated cells found to be more susceptible to lysis by IgM anti-Forssman antibody and guinea pig complement. The enhancement apparently was not due to increased ability of AET-treated CE to fix antibody. In contrast to CE, the lytic susceptibility of sheep cells was not affected by AET treatment. In addition to AET, several drugs and enzymes that also can affect the susceptibility of the tumor cells to antibody and complement were tested and found to be ineffective against CE. Since AET reputedly acts directly on the cell surface, it seems reasonable to assume that the increased susceptibility of the tumor cells and CE to antibody and complement may result from a modification of the cell surface.
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PMID:Increased susceptibility of tumor cells and chicken erythrocytes to lysis by antibody and complement after treatment with aminoethylisothiouronium bromide hydrobromide (AET). 40 13

Few natrually occurring tumors have been reported in primates. A spherical mass was noticed on the medial aspect of the thigh and caudal abdomen of a 15-year old female Perodicticus potto. The mass was surgically removed and the recovery was uneventful. Histological examination provided the diagnosis of myeloliposarcoma. Thirty-two elements were detected by chemical analysis. These are Na, K, Rb, Cs, Li, Cu, Ag, Be, Mg, Ca, Sr, Zn, Cd, Hg, B, Al, Ga, Si, Sn, Ti, P, Bi, V, S, Se, Mo, F, Cl, Br, Fe, Co and Ni. It has been proposed by some that tumor tissue tends to be chemically similar to embryonic tissue. Bromine is unexpectedly high in the potto tumor, in other tumor analyses reported in the literature, as well as in the only available embryonic tissue from the female potto, a placenta. Data are presented that lend credence to the speculation that Br may have a hitherto unexpected function in reproduction.
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PMID:Elemental analysis of a tumor from a nocturnal prosimian with special emphasis on bromine. 40 25

A one-step procedure for the preparation of nuclei for flow microfluorometric DNA analysis is described. The membranes of the cells were lysed by the non-ionic detergent Nonidet P40. Single-cell suspensions, and specimens of solid tissues obtained with fine-needle biopsy, could be prepared equally well as the nuclei of solid tissue cells were released separately. Lysis was performed in the staining solution containing either ethidium bromide or propidium iodide. Fluorescence due to fluorochrome binding to RNA, was abolished instantaneously by the presence of RNA-se, and fluorochrome binding to secondary binding sites in DNA was inhibited with NaCl. The preparation time was 10 min and the samples were stable for a minimum of 12 h. With the basic version of the method, usable, but not always optimal, results were obtained in all the cell types tested: four different mouse ascites tumors, leucocytes, bone-marrow, liver cells, human lymphomas, human carcinomas of the breast and lung, mouse mammary carcinoma and solid JB-1 tumor. The method was further optimized for the JB-1 ascites tumour. The resulting two modified techniques are described. Differences in the staining of leucocytes with the analogues ethidium bromide and propidium iodide were demonstrated.
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PMID:Flow microfluorometric analysis of nuclear DNA in cells from solid tumors and cell suspensions. A new method for rapid isolation and straining of nuclei. 41 Jan 54

Immunoglobulins were isolated by affinity chromatography from sera of two patients with melanoma, one with sarcoma, and one with carcinoma. The affinity columns were prepared by covalently linking the membrane-rich fraction of biopsied melanoma cells to cyanogen bromide-activated agarose beads. The membrane-rich fractions were prepared by two methods: (a) hypotonic cell lysis, and (b) homogenization and differential centrifugation. Melanoma sera were autologous to melanoma membrane preparations. The isolated immunoglobulins showed immunoreactivity against antigens prepared from melanoma, sarcoma, and carcinoma cells by complement fixation but not against antigens prepared from normal human liver and lung tissues. Absorption of the isolated immunoglobulins with rabbit anti-human immunoglobulin immunobeads resulted in complete elimination of the complement-fixing antibody titer in one instance, whereas reduction occurred in other samples. Similar absorption with rabbit anti-human immunoglobulin M immunobeads resulted in reduction, but not complete elimination, of the antibody titers against target tumor cell preparations. These results suggest the presence of immunoreactive immunoglobulin G in all immunoglobulins and immunoglobulin M in some. Absorption of the isolated immunoglobulins with cultured sarcoma cells reduced but did not completely abolish antibody activity against autologous or allogeneic melanoma target antigen, whereas it did completely abolish activity against sarcoma target antigen. However, absorption with cultured allogeneic melanoma cells abolished the antibody activity against melanoma as well as sarcoma target antigens. The antibody titers of the isolated immunoglobulins were not affected by absorption with cultured lymphoblastoid cells. Since cultured melanoma and sarcoma cells were known to contain oncofetal antigen(s), these results suggest that the isolated immunoglobulins from cancer sera by melanoma membrane affinity chromatography were of at least two specificities: (a) antioncofetal; and (b) antitumor associated. The former group may be comprised of antibody to cross-reactive antigens associated with different histological types of tumors. However, it was apparent that a portion of the antibody activity was against common tumor-associated antigen(s). These results provide further evidence for the presence of common antigen(s) associated with biopsy specimens of human malignant melanoma.
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PMID:Isolation and immunochemical characterization of antibodies from the sera of cancer patients which are reactive against human melanoma cell membranes by affinity chromatography. 42 6

The nature of collagen from 2 cases of dermatofibrosarcoma protuberans was studied. For this purpose, the tumor tissue was carefully separated from adjacent normal dermis. The collagen types comprised in the tumor were identified by CM-cellulose chromatographic and SDS-gel electrophoretic analysis of the component alpha-chains. Semiquantitative evaluation of the relative type III content was established by separation of the cyanogen bromide peptides on gels of 12% polyacrylamide in SDS. These studies showed that dermatofibrosarcoma protuberans contains alpha 1(I)-, alpha 2-, and alpha 1(III)-chains as well, and corresponding type I- and type III-related CNBr peptides. Comparing the collagen from dermatofibrosarcoma protuberans to that of normal skin, the relatively increased type III content in the case of dermatofibrosarcoma protuberans becomes apparent.
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PMID:Nature of collagen in dermatofibrosarcoma protuberans. 47 45

Abnormal proteins in neoplastic cells are present in a variety of animal tumor systems. Our laboratory has isolated several of these abnormal proteins from murine malignant melanoma by preparative gel electrophoresis; these proteins are similar in many respects to analogous proteins found in normal tissues. Examination of these proteins by polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis, amino acid analysis, carboxy and amino terminal analysis and peptide mapping after cyanogen bromide cleavage, supports the theory that these abnormal proteins are the result of deleted sequences in the peptide chain during the attempted synthesis of normal proteins in neoplastic tissue.
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PMID:Abnormal protein synthesis in malignant melanoma cells. 55 7

Treating iodoacetamide (IAD)-modified lymphoma cells with the lipophilic agent dimethyldioctadecylammonium bromide (DDA) increased their immunogenicity as evidenced by the increased capacity of syngeneic, vaccinated hosts to reject subsequent implants of the same lymphoma. Under conditions of suboptimal immunization to facilitate comparison, there were 61% survivors among mice challenged with tumor implants after immunization with modified cells and DDA compared to 20% survivors among those immunized in the absence of DDA. The enhanced immune response was dependent on DDA dosage and was most striking when DDA was directly complexed to the IAD-treated cells. DDA was also effective with solubilized tumor antigen and with lymphoma cells not pretreated with IAD, but the latter had to be heat killed to assure that they were nontumorigenic. In therapy experiments BALB/c mice bearing P1798 were treated with methotrexate followed by immunotherapy with IAD-P1798 alone or complexed to DDA. With two and three cycles of therapy, methotrexate alone yielded 5 and 13% survivors, while adding immunotherapy with the DDA complex gave survival rates of 63 and 71%. In the absence of DDA, chemoimmunotherapy with methotrexate and IAD-P1798 gave intermediate results. In the absence of antigen, DDA was ineffective in either immunoprophylaxis or therapy experiments.
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PMID:Enhanced response to chemoimmunotherapy and immunoprophylaxis with the use of tumor-associated antigens with a lipophilic agent. 65 41


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