Gene/Protein Disease Symptom Drug Enzyme Compound
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Query: UMLS:C0027651 (tumor)
 685,946 document(s) hit in 31,850,051 MEDLINE articles (0.00 seconds)

Tumor-like calcinosis is an infrequent condition whose etiology is poorly understood. Calcifications develop in the subcutaneous tissue neighboring the large joints. All age groups can be affected, although the disease is more common before the age of twenty years. A new case of tumor-like calcinosis in an eight-year-old girl is reported here. A huge mass in the right hip region and a smaller mass around the right elbow were found. Biologic studies revealed increased serum phosphorus levels with normal serum calcium levels. Roentgenograms confirmed the diagnosis of tumor-like calcinosis by showing calcified masses independent from the bones of the neighboring joint. Management consisted in complete removal of both masses. Outcome was favorable. In this patient's family, the disease appears to be inherited according to a dominant pattern, although recessive autosomal transmission is believed to be more common.
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PMID:[Tumoral calcinosis. Apropos of a further case in a child]. 161 49

To determine the clinical feasibility and applicability of phosphorus-31 magnetic resonance (MR) spectroscopy and to assess its potential for characterization of human hepatic tissue, one-dimensional chemical shift imaging (CSI) was performed in 37 patients with various malignant hepatic neoplasms (30 metastases from a variety of primary tumors and seven hepatocellular carcinomas) and seven healthy volunteers. Tumors were grouped according to the percentage of the analyzed section that was occupied by tumor: less than 50% (group A) or more than 50% (group B). In group B, all phosphomonoester/beta-adenosine triphosphate ratios were significantly higher than normal (P less than .001). Hepatocellular carcinomas and metastases from various primary neoplasms could not be differentiated on the basis of spectral characteristics and metabolite ratios. Limitations of one-dimensional surface coil CSI prevented separation of spectra of small tumors and tumors deep within the liver parenchyma from spectra of normal liver parenchyma.
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PMID:Malignant hepatic tumors: P-31 MR spectroscopy with one-dimensional chemical shift imaging. 164 55

pH measurements require a suitable pH reference within the 31P NMR spectrum with respect to which the chemical shift of Pi, and hence pH, may be calculated. In muscle spectra PCr is prominent and provides a reference frequency. However, recent localized tumor studies have reported the absence of PCr, for example, in breast tumors. The use of the alpha-, beta-, and gamma-ATP peaks as suitable references has been suggested, but the position of the beta- and gamma-ATP peaks is dependent upon the intracellular Mg2+ concentration. The alpha-ATP is not affected by ionic concentrations; however, it contains UDPG and NAD+, the presence of which can lead to peak-shape distortion. This paper considers the use of the H2O resonance from the proton spectrum used for shimming as a suitable pH reference, provided this is also localized to the same region of interest, using a sequence giving rise to eddy current effects comparable to those of the 31P NMR sequence. Localized in vivo measurements in the muscle and brain of volunteers indicate good agreement between the proton and phosphorus chemical shifts, allowing the PCr position to be predicted to within 0.01 ppm in all cases.
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PMID:The water resonance as an alternative pH reference: relevance to in vivo 31P NMR localized spectroscopy studies. 165 75

Hyperprolactinemia and prolactinoma in patients with long-term primary hypothyroidism have been recognized for decades. We report a case of 57-year-old female patient with lingual thyroid and cretinism who had a high serum prolactin level (greater than 200 ng/ml) and a pituitary tumor with suprasellar and parasellar extension. The tumor regressed to a size undetectable by CT scan after 2 years of thyroid hormone replacement therapy, but complete normalization of the hyperprolactinemia required additional bromocriptine therapy. This patient showed generalized short metacarpal and phalangeal bones, calcification of the basal ganglia and dentate nuclei bilaterally, and subcutaneous calcification at both gluteal regions, while serum calcium, phosphorus and c-PTH levels were all normal. Thus in addition to short stature, brachydactyly, a round face, and obesity, which are related to hypothyroidism, she also presented features uniquely mimicking the Albright's hereditary osteodystrophy seen in patients with pseudohypoparathyroidism and pseudopseudohypoparathyroidism. Since she had no family history of pseudohypoparathyroidism and had a normal level of Gs alpha protein on the membrane of the red blood cells, there is no evidence of pseudopseudohypoparathyroidism. The cause of the ectopic calcification remains unknown.
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PMID:Intracranial calcification and brachydactyly mimicking Albright's hereditary osteodystrophy in an adult patient with lingual thyroid and prolactinoma-like lesion. 167 15

The responses of two experimental murine tumors and two human tumor xenografts to the vasodilator hydralazine were compared using two magnetic resonance spectroscopy endpoints. Changes in tumor metabolism were determined using 31P MRS where inorganic phosphate levels relative to total phosphate (Pi/total) were measured, and alteration in tumor blood volume was examined using 19F MRS with perfluorooctylbromide (PFOB) as tracer. The integrated 19F signal from PFOB is dose dependent and stable for at least 2 hr after injection. The murine tumors SCCVII/Ha and KHT both showed changes in tumor metabolism after hydralazine, as an increase in Pi/total. However, hydralazine reduced vascular volume in the KHT tumor, demonstrated by reduced 19F signal from PFOB, but no such reduction was seen in the SCCVII/Ha tumor. In contrast, hydralazine had no effect on phosphorus metabolism in the HT29 and HX118 human tumor xenografts, but reduced vascular volume in both tumors. These results demonstrate that the effects of vasoactive agents such as hydralazine on tumor phosphorus metabolism are only partially consistent with changes in vascular volume, measured by the 19F MRS technique.
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PMID:Magnetic resonance spectroscopy studies on experimental murine and human tumors: comparison of changes in phosphorus metabolism with induced changes in vascular volume. 173 80

Dunning R3327-AT prostate carcinomas growing in Fischer X Copenhagen rats were treated with interstitial photodynamic therapy (PDT--15 mg/kg Photofrin II 4 hours before illumination with 630-nm light via four parallelly implanted optical fibers) at different light intensities. Forty to 60 minutes after treatment, 31P-nuclear magnetic resonance spectra of tumors in anesthetized animals were obtained at 2.35 Tesla using surface coil localization. Areas under resonance peaks were normalized to the area under the peak of a phosphorus standard positioned at a fixed distance on the opposite side of the surface coil. Tumor concentrations of phosphomonoesters and phosphodiesters showed no change after tumor light doses up to 3000 J. Phosphocreatine, alpha-adenosine triphosphate (ATP), beta-ATP, and gamma-ATP signals decreased and inorganic phosphate signals increased with increasing light doses. The intratumor pH did not change significantly at these short times after PDT. In other R3327-AT and R3327-H tumor-bearing animals, [3H]misonidazole was administered 30 minutes prior to PDT treatments of both tumors. Twenty-four hours later, the tumors were resected in toto, and levels of retained [3H]misonidazole were determined in lased tumor specimens by liquid scintillation procedures. The amount of [3H]misonidazole activity in tumor tissue (covalently bound after hypoxic reduction) increased with light doses up to 3000 J. Sensitizer-adduct formation was found to correlate with the ratio of the concentration of inorganic phosphate to that of beta-ATP, both of which are presumed measures of tumor oxygenation status. These measurements have high-lighted the heterogenous nature of the oxygenation status of these experimental tumors. The precision of each assay for estimating tumor oxygenation is discussed.
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PMID:Nuclear magnetic resonance spectroscopy and sensitizer-adduct measurements of photodynamic therapy-induced ischemia in solid tumors. 174 18

In recent years, there have been a number of advances in the diagnosis and management of patients with malignant melanoma of the posterior uvea (ciliary body and choroid). This review provides a brief update on the current status of diagnostic modalities, such as fluorescein angiography, ultrasonography, computed tomography, magnetic resonance imaging, fine needle aspiration biopsy, and the radioactive phosphorus uptake test. Following that is a more detailed review of the current controversy regarding the natural course of uveal melanomas and the available therapeutic modalities. Current indications, techniques, complications, and results are provided for various forms of management, such as observation, laser photocoagulation, plaque radiotherapy, charged particle radiotherapy, local tumor resection, enucleation, and orbital exenteration.
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PMID:Management of posterior uveal melanoma. 177 22

Antigenic properties of the proteins of heterogeneous nuclear ribonucleoprotein particles, (hnRNP), weakly bound nonhistone chromatin proteins (WB(N)P) and single-strand DNA-binding proteins (SSB proteins) from chromatin and extrachromatin fraction of the Ehrlich ascites tumor cells have been comparatively studied. The chromatin and extrachromatin SSB proteins displayed similar mobility in the tube and slab SDS/PAGE, had the same ssDNA-binding capacity and similarly stimulated the replicative synthesis in permeable cells. However, the chromatin SSB proteins contained 1.4 times higher phosphate amount than the extrachromatin ones (3.1 and 2. 2. moles phosphorus per 1 mole protein, respectively). The study of four protein groups with the use of a rabbit antiserum to/against extrachromatin SSB proteins (titer 1:13000 by enzyme immunoassay) showed that the chromatin and the extrachromatin SSB proteins have similar antigenic properties. One fraction of the hnRNP proteins was also reactive with the antiserum, whereas the WB(N)P displayed no cross-reactivity. The specificity of the ferm "SSB proteins" as applied to eukaryotic cells, their affinity with hnRNP proteins and differences from the HMG proteins are discussed.
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PMID:[Antigenic properties of heterogeneous nuclear ribonucleoprotein particles weakly binding nonhistone proteins and proteins binding single-stranded DNA (SSB proteins) from Ehrlich ascites tumor]. 178 70

Phosphorous 31 (31P) nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) spectra were recorded from perchloric acid extracts of benign and malignant breast tumors. The spectra were correlated with the histopathologic diagnosis and the steroid receptor status of the tumor. Higher relative content of the lipid-derived metabolite glycerolphosphoethanolamine (GPE), the high-energy nucleoside phosphates (nucleoside-diphosphate [NDP], nucleoside-triphosphate [NTP]), and sugar esters of uridine diphosphate (UDPS) appeared in the carcinomas. Malignant tumors also showed a lower ratio of phosphoethanolamine to phosphocholine (PE/PC) than benign conditions. Lower content of the lipid-derived metabolite glycerolphosphocholine (GPC) and high content of the high-energy compound phosphocreatine (PCr) were associated with malignant tumors having high content of estrogen receptors (ER). High PCr content was also associated in the carcinomas with high progesterone receptors (PgR) content. In the benign tumors NDP and NTP were higher in tumors with high PgR content. The authors suggest that 31P magnetic resonance spectroscopy (MRS) of the breast can provide additional variables to diagnose malignancy, and when combined with magnetic resonance imaging (MRI), invasive procedures may be avoided. It also seems that levels of PCr and GPC obtained from the spectra can serve as markers to hormonal receptor status of breast carcinomas, and may be used in addition to the ER and PgR content to improve prediction of the response to hormonal therapy. Additional development requires in situ MRI and MRS combined studies.
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PMID:Phosphate metabolites and steroid hormone receptors of benign and malignant breast tumors. A Nuclear Magnetic Resonance study. 185 Oct 51

In choroidal melanoma vitreous hemorrhage can occur as initial event or as complication of conservative therapy. To understand better these relations, four groups of cases were examined: 1.) 126 choroidal melanomas which were treated conservatively with Cobalt 60 applicator from 1969 till 1984. 2.) 715 choroidal melanomas which have been treated with proton-beam from 1984 to 1989. 3.) 7 tumors or pseudotumors for which for diagnostic purposes a phosphorus 32 test was necessary. 4.) 9 choroid melanomas which had conservative treatment and where vitrectomy was realized. The multifactorial analysis gave the following results: in vitreous hemorrhages occurring before treatment the thickness of the tumor represents the significant factor. In vitreous hemorrhages which occur after conservative treatment there is in the group of cobalt applicators important irradiation of the disc, as well as the thickness of the tumor and the age of the patient in the group with proton-beam irradiation. Vitreous bleeding occurring before or after therapy does not influence the vital prognosis in a negative way. We present here a therapeutic concept in cases of vitreous bleeding in choroid melanoma which is based both on our experience and on the indications of literature.
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PMID:[Uveal melanomas and vitreous hemorrhage. Diagnosis and treatment]. 188 58


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