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Query: UMLS:C0027651 (tumor)
 685,946 document(s) hit in 31,850,051 MEDLINE articles (0.00 seconds)

The colposcopic criteria for abnormal epithelium are leukoplakia, a white area detected after the application of acetic acid or iodine-negative areas not reacting to the acetic acid test. However, white epithelium and iodine-negative areas are not specific for abnormal tissue, condyloma or intraepithelial neoplasia. The lack of specificity of colposcopic findings has motivated the distinction between minor and major grade abnormalities in the recently proposed new colposcopic terminology. Metaplasia and dysplasia cannot be distinguished by colposcopy. All criteria proposed so far lack specificity and reproducibility. Thus, it is at present considered that colposcopy is not a diagnostic method, but an investigative technique that allows the evaluation of the extent of the lesion and localization of the squamo-columnar junction. As for the distinction between condyloma and high-grade intraepithelial neoplasia, all criteria proposed so far also lack reproducibility. Moreover, condyloma is often found at the periphery of high-grade CIN, rendering such a distinction meaningless. The only features specific of HPV infection without dysplasia are condyloma acuminatum and, to a lesser extent, non-acetowhite microcapillary surfaces. Finally, it has been shown that there is no colposcopic sign specific of HPV types.
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PMID:Colposcopic diagnosis of HPV cervical lesions. 133 Sep 18

Determining the precise extension of a bronchial carcinoma is essential to decide the treatment and appreciate the outcome. Computed tomography (CT) remains the reference method for the evaluation of mediastinal invasion by tumor. It seems reasonable to purpose CT for every operable tumor after radio bronchoscopic examination (except for peripheral T1 tumor without contact with the pleura). The place of MRI is not yet definitely established. But one can expect it to be better defined in the years to come because of technical improvement. However MRI could be performed in place of CT or complementary to CT in some cases: tumor of pulmonary apices, tumor in contact with diaphragm cardiac cavities or large mediastinal vessels, suspicion of vertebral invasion. MRI is also indicated first in cases of contra indication to iodine injection. There is no more indication to angiographic examinations for the staging of bronchogenic carcinoma. Other imaging methods have to be evaluated in this field: i.e. esophagoscopy, endovascular, ultrasound or angioscopy.
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PMID:[Bronchial cancer: how can the anatomic mediastinal extension of the tumor be estimated?]. 133 66

Kinetic index determined by enumeration of neoplastic cells positive for proliferative cell nuclear antigen (PCNA) in 70 breast carcinomas (avidin-biotin immunoperoxidase technique) was compared to synthesis-phase fraction (S-phase, or SPF) values obtained by flow cytometry (FCM) using a multiparametric, 2 color method (dual-label propidium iodide/cytokeratin-FITC). The percent PCNA positive tumor cells (12.5% mean, range 1-28%) was significantly greater in aneuploid tumors (14.2% mean, N = 35) compared to diploid range tumors (10.7% mean, N = 35) (p less than 0.05), and was correlated with SPF derived from ungated DNA histograms (12.5% mean +/- 5.5%, r = 0.45, p less than 0.001). Marginally stronger statistical correlations were observed between the PCNA index and SPF values calculated from cytokeratin-gated (15.8% mean, r = 0.53, p less than 0.001) DNA histograms or from SPF values obtained following linear baseline debris subtraction (mean = 8.1%, r = 0.48, p less than 0.001). Significant associations were identified between PCNA index and prognostically important clinicopathologic parameters including nuclear grade (p = 0.014), presence of necrosis (p = 0.005), and angiolymphatic invasion (p = 0.003). We conclude: 1) PCNA index is comparable to FCM SPF and correlates with factors of known prognostic importance in carcinoma of the breast; 2) baseline debris and contaminating events derived from non-epithelial cells both represent significant artifacts in proliferative fraction estimates derived from FCM DNA histograms; and 3) multiparametric analysis may represent one means of improving the specificity and clinical value of FCM SPF determinations.
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PMID:Comparison of PCNA/cyclin immunohistochemistry with flow cytometric S-phase fraction in breast cancer. 135 17

Extracerebral cavernous hemangioma is a rare entity, only 51 cases have been reported up to 1991. Most of the extracerebral cavernous angiomas occur in the parasellar region and easily extend to the sella; with CT and MRI views entirely different from those of intracerebral cavernous hemangiomas. The CT scan shows a good, homogeneous enhanced tumor, similar to a meningioma, yet lacking calcification or bony hyperostosis. In MRI, the characteristic findings of extracerebral cavernous hemangioma are the very high signal intensity in the T2 weighted image, and strong homogeneous enhancement by Gadolinium-DTPA. Here we report two cases of parasellar cavernous hemangioma. A 68-year-old male patient shown to have a dumbbell tumor in the parasellar and sellar regions by CT scan, showed a high density before contrast, and good enhancement by an iodine contained contrast medium. The tumor had a very high signal intensity in the T2 weighted image of MRI and a good, homogeneous enhancement by Gadolinium-DTPA, yet a carotid angiogram showed it was avascular. Surgical removal was abandoned in view of the probability of massive bleeding. The second case was a 34-year-old man, who had had a skin hemangioma on the right side of the face since his childhood. For the past 3 months, he had suffered from ptosis, and limitation of eye movement which was found to be due to 3rd and 4th cranial nerve palsy. CT showed a good enhanced tumor mass in the left side of the parasellar region with sellar extension. MRI also showed a high intensity in T2WI and good, homogeneous enhancement by Gadolinium-DTPA. A carotid angiogram revealed some tumor stain. Surgical removal. in this case, was also impossible due to its intracavernous sinus location and the probability of massive bleeding.
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PMID:[CT and MRI of parasellar cavernous hemangioma in two cases]. 135 66

Studies concerning flow cytometric assessed DNA content reveal problems in interpretating DNA histograms of tumor specimens. The main problems are histograms with a broad coefficient of variation in the G0/G1 fraction; a high G2M fraction and samples with a low percentage of tumor cells. Therefore, in the present study, 382 fresh tumor specimens of carcinomas were analysed routinely, double labeled with, on the one hand, propidium-iodide for assessing DNA content and, on the other, a monoclonal keratin-antibody for marking epithelial and tumor cells. Of the 311 tumor samples, using single parameter analysis 165 (54%) were classified as DNA aneuploid and 146 (46%) as DNA "euploid." By double parameter analysis, 224 (72%) samples were keratin positive and 87 (27%) keratin negative and, of the 224 keratin positive tumors, 175 (78%) were DNA aneuploid and 49 (22%) DNA euploid. The DNA histograms of single and double parameter analysis were compared and it was concluded that in 24 cases (11%) keratin labeling was necessary to recognize DNA aneuploidy. In another 23 (10%) cases, keratin labeling was helpful in assessing DNA aneuploidy. Finally when the results of the 311 samples were combined, 215 (68%) were scored as DNA aneuploid and 99 (32%) DNA euploid. Thus the overall gain in assessing DNA aneuploidy using the double labeling technique is 14%. In conclusion, it is shown that keratin labeling on fresh tumor cell suspensions of epithelial tumors is of additional value in establishing DNA content. Because single parameter DNA assessment is adequate in approximately 60% of the tested samples, the double labeling technique can be performed routinely, or after initial single parameter DNA assessment. Histograms having a broad CV and/or a high G2M are good candidates for the double labeling technique. Using this technique, DNA-content assessment becomes more reliable.
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PMID:Flow cytometric DNA content of fresh tumor specimens using keratin-antibody as second stain for two-parameter analysis. 137 9

Pharmacologic effects of cisplatin (CDDP) and peplomycin (PEP) on tumor cell kinetics were studied both in vitro and in vivo with the aid of flow cytometry (FCM). Double staining with propidium iodide (PI) and fluorescein isothiocyanate (FITC)-labeled bromodeoxyuridine (BrdU) was used to analyze the cell cycle, and the number of viable cells was determined with fluorescein diacetate (FDA). Effects of combining the 2 agents were also studied to establish the most effective method of combination therapy. Furthermore, these agents were tried clinically on the basis of experimental results. Results showed that CDDP exerted its action at the S and G2M phases in the cell cycle and PEP at the G2M phase. Among the combination regimens in the experiments with CDDP, PEP, and CDDP + PEP as analyzed by FCM, the strongest block on the G2M phase was shown in the one at a 2-day interval, resulting in the most effective killing of the tumor cells. Clinical trial of the combination therapy showed the same results as the in vitro experiment; the therapy proved useful for improving the patient's clinical condition and the results obtained with CT imaging and pathology.
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PMID:Experimental and clinical evaluation by flow cytometry for the mechanism of combination therapy (cisplatin and peplomycin). 137 8

A new modified rotation radiation method called "three-dimensional moving field radiation therapy" is described. The new method uses rotation in many planes while maintaining the the same isocenter to achieve a good spatial dose distribution. This delivers a high dose to tumors and spares the surrounding normal structures. This easy method can be carried out using the equipment for conventional rotation radiation therapy. The new method was superior to the one plane rotation radiation therapy using a physical phantom with film, a chemical phantom using the iodine-starch reaction, and a new biological model using tumor cells. Treatment of six brain tumors irradiated with total air doses of 50-60 Gy caused no hair loss or radiation necrosis.
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PMID:New three-dimensional moving field radiation therapy for brain tumors. 138 Oct 58

The chemical and immunological properties of thyroglobulin (Tg) in tissue obtained from a patient co-existed with two types of thyroid tumors, i.e., functioning and non-functioning, and were compared with the properties of Tg that was isolated from adjacent peripheral tissue. In the present observations, the Tg content was markedly increased in the non-functioning thyroid tumor. On the other hand, the Tg content in the functioning tumor was at the normal level. The iodine content of Tg was significantly lower in the non-functioning tumor than in peripheral tissues. Affinity with Lectins differed among Tg preparations, suggesting that the carbohydrate chain in the Tg was different in each nodule in a single individual.
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PMID:[Characterization of thyroglobulin in a patient with functioning and non-functioning benign thyroid tumors]. 139 86

Genetically engineered single-chain Fvs (sFv) are defined as recombinant proteins composed of a variable light chain amino acid sequence of an immunoglobulin tethered to a variable heavy chain sequence by a designed peptide. Previous studies using iodine-labeled sFv, derived from the anticarcinoma monoclonal antibody CC49, showed that the 125I-sFv could efficiently target antigen-positive tumors in a human tumor xenograft model while demonstrating rapid plasma clearance and minimal uptake in normal organs. One of the issues we raised in the analysis of the iodinated sFv metabolic studies was whether similar metabolic patterns would be observed if the sFv were labeled with a radiometal. In the studies reported here, 125I-CC49 sFv and 177Lu-CC49 sFv were co-injected in mice bearing antigen-positive carcinoma xenografts. Both sFv forms showed similar tumor targeting and plasma clearance pharmacokinetics. The 177Lu-sFv, however, showed a greater uptake in liver and spleen and a much higher uptake in kidney. These studies thus demonstrate that despite their small size (M(r) 27,000), the metal-chelated sFv shows a metabolic pattern very different than that of the iodinated sFv, which is most likely due to retention of the metal by organs metabolizing the sFv.
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PMID:Differential metabolic patterns of iodinated versus radiometal chelated anticarcinoma single-chain Fv molecules. 142 90

Intravesical chemotherapy has been well established as an effective therapy for recurrent superficial bladder tumors. We investigated the role of flow cytometry as a predictor of tumor recurrence/progression after intravesical chemotherapy. Flow cytometric analysis of nuclear DNA ploidy pattern was performed on 'cold cup' biopsy samples of 52 patients with primary superficial bladder cancer. Cell suspensions, retrieved after mechanical fragmentation, were stained with propidium iodide and examined on FACScan flow cytometer. Clinical follow-up ranged from 3 to 57 months with a median of 20 months. Of the 52 patients, 24 aneuploid and 28 diploid tumors were observed. The degree of ploidy in relation to histological grade showed an increasing frequency of aneuploid pattern in grades 2 and 3 but with no statistical significance. 17.8% of diploid tumors versus 54.1% of aneuploid tumors recurred (p less than 0.05). 12.5% of the aneuploid tumors progressed. No progression among diploid tumors was observed. Of the 52 patients examined, 35 (16 aneuploid and 19 diploid) were treated, after TUR, with intravesical prophylactic therapy. Epirubicin in 24, mitomycin C in 4 and recombinant interferon alpha 2a in 7 were used. 50% of aneuploid tumors versus 10.5% of diploid tumors recurred (p less than 0.05). Strong predictors of response to intravesical prophylaxis of recurrence were G1 grade and diploid DNA content.
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PMID:Prediction of recurrence and progression in primary superficial bladder cancer with DNA flow cytometry. 142 34


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